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1.
粒子图像测速技术(PIV)通过测量被测流场截面上每一位置点的速度,获得整个被测流场的信息.在PIV一般应用中所使用的照明激光片光与成像CCD装置的拍摄方向是垂直的,在某些应用场合受测试条件的限制,需要采用离轴方式进行测量,此时CCD成像方向与照明的激光片光不垂直,而是有一定夹角.离轴测试方式将对PIV系统的光学成像系统、示踪粒子选择和粒子图像处理带来影响.实验采用Scheimpflug离轴聚焦的方法对表面镀银高反射率的示踪粒子进行成像,通过调整成像透镜与CCD像面的夹角可获得清晰的粒子成像,并利用网格校正板和软件计算处理等方法有效校正了由于离轴测试带来的影响.  相似文献   

2.
张立新  黄玉美  王峰 《光子学报》2008,37(6):1224-1228
对雷尼绍激光干涉仪的线性测量原理进行了详细探讨,分析了干涉仪在线性测量中的主要影响因素和误差诱因;作出了线性测量的准直误差特性曲线和阿贝误差特性曲面,并利用最小二乘法拟合得到了干涉仪准直测量误差的数学模型和沿u、v方向离散的阿贝误差特性曲线方程;给出了一种建立误差数学模型的方法.采用激光干涉仪检测了并联数控机床直线轴的运动准确度,并提出了一种适合于并联机床直线轴定位准确度测量的干涉测量方法.  相似文献   

3.
PIV水下流场测试系统试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
胡海豹  宋保维  阮驰  杜晓旭  毛昭勇 《光子学报》2007,36(10):1928-1932
基于粒子图像测速技术,设计研制了一套适用于水洞洞体内高速、封闭试验条件的流场测量与显示设备.该系统由光源、成像、图像处理与分析、控制和粒子投放等分系统组成,具有复杂环境下全流场的无接触、无扰动、高准确度测量和显示能力,流场测试误差小于2%,可为水下航行器外形设计及其改进提供相关的实测数据.  相似文献   

4.
《工程热物理学报》2021,42(9):2305-2315
较强的速度梯度大大限制了粒子图像测速技术(PIV)在近壁区域的测量精度。随着图像变形重采样技术的发展与推广,多重网格迭代变形算法(WIDIM)以及Interface-PIV的提出显著改善了这一问题,但其测量精度仍有进一步提高的空间。针对这一问题,本文发展了一种粒子图像预处理方法——镜像互换法,通过构造以壁面为基础的反对称流场,既能满足流场无滑移边界条件,同时又可维持正确的近壁面法向速度梯度,从而可以进一步提高无滑移壁面附近的速度测量精度与空间分辨率。与其他同类方法的对比结果表明,该方法大大降低了近壁速度的测量误差以及该区域的速度不确定度,并在压气机叶栅测量中得到了应用。  相似文献   

5.
《光学技术》2013,(2):133-137
提出了一种新的基于双目视觉的水下成像模型。在摄像机理想针孔成像模型的基础上,考虑平面防水罩厚度对光线经水、防水罩、空气发生两次折射的影响,建立了摄像机在水下环境中物体的三维重建模型。针对此模型,分析了双目测量系统结构参数以及被测物点位置对测量精度的影响,对进一步优化系统结构设计和提升系统测量精度具有一定的实际指导意义。  相似文献   

6.
讨论了粒子像的衍射晕分布并进行了计算机模拟,得出一个结论:当照相机相干传递函数的通带半宽度大于1.6倍粒子夫朗和费零级衍射环半径时,粒子像的自相关函数与照相机孔径无关,且粒子像有较尖锐的自相关峰和较小的衍射晕。这是PIV系统的最佳工作条件。  相似文献   

7.
CCD电视系统实时位置测量的误差分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
张太镒 《光子学报》1992,21(1):55-60
本文就CCD电视摄像机对运动物体目标瞬时位置测量精度的几个问题进行讨论。文章首先分析了由于CCD成象器件结构特征和电子热噪音对目标位置测量精度的影响,给出位置测量误差与电视测量系统量化等级的关系,提出在保证一定测量精度下量化等级的选择原则。文章还分析了用普通电视摄象机组成的电视经纬仪测量运动目标位置的局限性,提出为获得较高的测量精度,选用高帧频电视摄象机的必要性。  相似文献   

8.
采用粒子图像测速(Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV)技术,以乙二醇烟雾作为示踪粒子,实验测量了平面激波作用下SF6气柱-空气界面Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性演化图像和二维速度场。测量结果揭示了不稳定性流场的典型特征和细微结构,与高速摄影和数值模拟结果符合,说明建立的PIV技术适合用于诊断气体界面演化过程,为气体界面不稳定性实验研究提供了一种先进、精细的诊断技术。  相似文献   

9.
光场相机通过一次曝光能同时记录光场的辐射强度、位置及方向信息。本文利用单光场相机代替多相机系统记录三维流场图像,研究了一种基于光场成像理论的层析粒子图像测速(光场tomo-PIV)技术,用于三维流场3D-3C速度场的测量。在粒子场重建中,提出一种适用于光场相机的Multiplicative First Guess-Expectation Maximization(EM)层析重建技术。进行了数值模拟验证该算法的准确性。首先,利用光线追迹技术产生粒子的光场图像;然后利用MFG-MART反演光场图像重构出三维粒子场;最后,利用三维互相关技术计算3D-3C速度场分布,并对比分析了两种不同互相关窗口尺寸下的速度场精度。然后,搭建了基于单聚焦光场相机的tomo-PIV系统并开展了实验研究。数值模拟及实验结果表明所提出的方法能够用于3D-3C速度场的测量。  相似文献   

10.
孙远翔  秦嘉鸿  陈岩武  王成 《高压物理学报》2024,38(6):064104-1-064104-16

近场水下爆炸冲击波破坏双壳体潜艇外壳结构后,后续的气泡脉动和射流载荷会对潜艇的内壳体继续造成严重毁伤,因此研究破口附近的气泡脉动和气泡载荷特性具有重要意义。基于受冲击波毁伤后的双壳体潜艇结构,制作预制圆形破口的双层圆柱结构模型,将电火花装置作为气泡发生源,开展了不同爆距参数(爆距与气泡的最大直径之比)和不同破口参数(破口直径与气泡的最大直径之比)条件下气泡与带破口双层圆柱结构的相互作用实验。通过高速摄影机捕捉气泡在双层圆柱结构附近的脉动和射流形成过程,采用粒子图像测速技术对爆炸流场速度进行测试,得到气泡溃灭后产生的水射流速度,同时采用压力传感器测量内层圆柱壳壁面处的压力载荷。实验结果表明:爆距参数决定了内板壁面所受压力的载荷形式、气泡溃灭后是否产生有效射流以及产生的射流速度;当爆距参数在一定范围内时,破口参数影响气泡的脉动以及气泡溃灭后产生的水射流方向。

  相似文献   

11.
    
《光子学报》2023,52(3):36-58
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has emerged as a major experimental technique for measuring the velocity fields of fluid flows. The approach produces quantitative representations of instantaneous flow patterns which are commonly used to help construct phenomenological models for complicated flows and validate numerical simulations. PIV analysis is beneficial in several fields of experimental fluid mechanics. Two-step processing, namely auto-correlation followed by cross-correlation, has been used as a means of examining spatio-temporal flow evolution. The vorticity measurements and estimates of the accuracy as a function of spatial resolution can be achieved. The development of PIV is linked to the gradual increase in the complexity and difficulty of measuring flow fields. PIV techniques for measurements have developed significantly and new trends have emerged. The key developments are stereoscopic PIV, tomographic PIV, large-scale PIV, micro PIV, 3D PIV, pedestrian PIV and the use of high-temporal/spatial-resolution devices. PIV has wide applications in various kinds of research fields, such as medical research, energy fuels, combustion, flow field measurement, real-time process monitoring, structure deformation, irrigation, acoustics, geology, oceanography, water resources, forestry, crowd monitoring, and mining mineral processing. To the best of our knowledge, there have been few literature reviews that comprehensively discuss industrial the aspects of PIV. This review mainly focuses on a comprehensive overview of the development of PIV in the laboratory, which needs to be implemented in industry and daily life by monitoring the real-time process for better understanding. This will lead to fast industrial processing as well as health. Using PIV to replace current analytical imaging techniques with enhanced temporal and special resolution has been discussed. In addition, it also provides a comparison between numerical simulation and previously available analytical techniques with PIV.  相似文献   

12.
采用一台高重频、快上升沿纳秒脉冲电源作为激励源,对典型的双电极合成射流激励器进行放电,通过粒子图像测速法(particle image velocimetry,PIV)测量放电实验中激励器稳定流场特性以及发展速度.分析实验结果发现,随着重复频率的提高,合成射流的平均发展速度也随之增大,1 kHz时的平均速度最高达到28.28 m/s,并在单脉冲能量远低于微秒脉冲的情况下,实现了更快的稳态流场控制,表明高重复频率下,更多次数的脉冲放电可提高激励总能量,有效地弥补纳秒脉冲单脉冲输出能量不足的缺点.而且频率越高,流场发展速度越快,说明高重频工作模式会对输出总能量有补偿作用.   相似文献   

13.
根据偏置于两平板间转子两端剪切力不平衡的原理,本文设计加工了偏置式垂直转子微小型粘性泵,并利用PIV技术对其内部的流动进行了可视化量测.通过对试验数据进行进一步的分析,得到了其内部流场的流线分布及相关性能曲线.  相似文献   

14.
Air pollution caused by particles with small size has been a global concern because of threats to human health. A feasible way to remove these super fine suspended particles is using electrostatic precipitation technology. Herein, the PIV was used to measure the particle velocity distribution. By analyzing the particle motion trend in high electric field, a process of particle charging loss was observed. This phenomenon cannot be explained by current particle charging theories. Our conclusions may improve the understanding of particle charging processes.  相似文献   

15.
本文通过搭建扬声器驱动的热声热机可视化实验台,利用粒子成像测速仪(PIV)和红外热像仪得到冷、热端换热器间速度及温度场分布,对有无声场两种情况下热声核中速度及温度场的变化进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,外加声场改变了热声核中热对流的基本模式,增强了冷热端换热器间的换热能力,对热声核中的温度分布有着显著的影响。揭示了热声核中的流动与换热规律。  相似文献   

16.
The flow field developed in the laser produced melt pool is investigated and the influence of the Marangoni effect on temperature field is examined. The experiment is carried out to trace the solidified melt pool geometry and the heating is simulated in line with the experimental conditions to predict the melt size in the irradiated region. In the simulations, the control volume approach is used incorporating the Marangoni effect. The enthalpy-porosity method is adopted to account for the phase change in the irradiated region. The study is extended to include the influence of the laser intensity parameter (β) on temperature and the flow field in the melt pool. It is found that the melt pool geometry and the flow field in the melt pool is influenced by the laser intensity parameter. In this case, the number of circulation cell formed in the melt pool is doubled for the intensity parameter 0.4≤β≤0.6. The predictions of the melt pool geometry agree well with the experimental data.  相似文献   

17.
矩形通道内横流喷雾掺混流场的实验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用PIV系统对矩形通道内横流-喷雾掺混过程中液滴沿横流方向的流场进行了实验测量.分别获得了单喷嘴和双喷嘴下横流掺混中的流场结构,以及液滴的水平速度分布.横流作用下,液滴的最大水平速度为横流速度的两倍左右;反旋涡对降低了液滴的水平速度,提高了液滴在横流中的停留时间.双喷嘴条件下,横流截面上的液滴密集区域呈狭长的三角形,...  相似文献   

18.
扩散燃烧流场的PIV测试方法探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
由于能提供高时空分辨率的瞬时流场信息,二维粒子成像速度仪(PIV)已广泛应用于燃烧流场的测量.本文利用PIV对甲烷同轴射流扩散燃烧的流场进行了测量,针对测量中出现的示踪粒子导入、火焰发光干涉、光强不均、数据处理等问题进行了分析和实验,获得了有效的解决办法和满意的测量结果.  相似文献   

19.
The aim of this work is to investigate the sources of errors related to digital image correlation (DIC) technique applied to strain measurements. The knowledge of such information is important before the measured kinematic fields can be exploited. After recalling the principle of DIC, some sources of errors related to this technique are listed. Both numerical and experimental tests, based on rigid-body motion, are proposed. These tests are simple and easy-to-implement. They permit to quickly assess the errors related to lighting, the optical lens (distortion), the CCD sensor, the out-of-plane displacement, the speckle pattern, the grid pitch, the size of the subset and the correlation algorithm. The errors sources that cannot be uncoupled were estimated by amplifying their contribution to the global error. The obtained results permit to address a classification of the error related to the used equipment. The paper ends by some suggestions proposed in order to minimize the errors.  相似文献   

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