h-自适应边界元方法的插值残差计算及误差估计

本文提出了一种用于估计ｈ－自适应边界元过程解误差的新方法,这种方法基于ｈ－自适应边界元过程生成的离散网络,通过计算近似解的插值残差,以此作为误差估计的数据。此外,这种误差分析方法易于程序化,可以很方便地接入现有ｈ－自适应边界元计算机程序（简单细分或分层细分）,而对原程序不作大的改动。通过对二个经典的弹性静力学问题的分析表明：本文的方法能较好地估计边界元解的误差,并使ｈ－自适应边界程序的分析更加有效     

统计能量分析中的响应统计估计及其研究进展

统计能量分析(SEA)是分析复杂动态系统结构－声耦合振动响应的有效方法,而结构响应的统计估计是评价SEA分析准确性的基本依据,是SEA的一个重要组成部分.在简要介绍了SEA基本理论及其响应统计估计理论的基础上,对SEA中的响应统计估计的研究进展进行了综述和讨论,指出了在SEA响应统计估计中存在的问题,论述了需要进一步深入研究的方面,并着重讨论了响应统计估计中基于Poisson频率空间和高斯正交总体(GOE)频率空间的结构响应方差分析方法及其在SEA响应统计估计发展中的重要作用.      

金属板料成形的快速有限元分析

研究了基于形变理论的金属板形成快速有限元分析的方法－反向方法,并实现了计算程序。通过实例的计算结果和实验以及增量方法进行了比较,表明此方法能够定性地分析成形工件中的变形情况。由于计算速度快、建立分析模模型简单,此方法可用于设计早期估计零件的可成形性,以及部分工艺参数对形的影响。     

改进的Z^2应力恢复过程与h型自适应有限元分析

建议了一种较为精确的边界应力求解方法，并用于改进Ｚｉｅｎｋｉｅｗｉｃｚ－Ｚｈｕ（Ｚ＾２）应力恢复过程。改进过程增加的计算量不大，但可有效地改善后验误估计精度。ｈ型自适应有限元分析结果表明，改进过程更有利于最优网格寻求工作。     

改进的Z~2应力恢复过程与h型自适应有限元分析

建议了一种较为精确的边界应力求解方法，并用于改进Ｚｉｅｎｋｉｅｗｉｃｚ－Ｚｈｕ（Ｚ２）应力恢复过程。改进过程增加的计算量不大，但可有效地改善后验误差估计精度。ｈ型自适应有限元分析结果表明，改进过程更有利于最优网格寻求工作     

加速度计温度模型的辨识

本文采用最小二乘估计和正交多项式拟合的方法，得到了石英挠性摆式加速度计（精度４×１０－５）模型系数随温度变化的规律，建立了２０℃—５０℃温度范围内加速度计的温度模型。应用该模型进行温度干扰补偿后，使模型辨识精度提高一个数量级。通过大量的重复性试验证明了方法的正确性。     

大气运动非线性稳定性研究中的能量-Casimir方法

介绍使用能量－Ｃａｓｉｍｉｒ方法（Ａｒｎｏｌ＇ｄ方法）研究大气与海洋运动非线性稳定性所取得的若干新进展,建立了适用于有限振幅、任意空间结构扰动的非线性稳定性判据．用初始状态给出了扰动场在任意时刻的上界与下界估计,提供了关于扰动变化性态的有关信息．对该领域理论研究与应用的深化与发展问题也作了讨论．      

有限元后验误差估计方法的研究进展

有限元后验误差估计主要有两大类,即,残余型和后处理型．本文详细介绍了后验误差估计的二大类方法的起源、发展过程以及最新的研究进展．着重介绍了ＺＺ误差估计方法的基本原理及其最新的研究进展,并对各种误差估计方法的优缺点进行评述．对有限元后验误差估计方法今后的研究方向提出了看法．     

大气运动非线性稳定性研究中的能量-Casimir方法

介绍使用能量－Ｃａｓｉｍｉｒ方法（Ａｒｎｏｌ＇ｄ方法）研究大气与海洋运动非线性稳定性所取得的若干新进展，建立了适用于有限振幅、任意空间结构扰动的非线性稳定性判据．用初始状态给出了扰动场在任意时刻的上界与下界估计，提供了关于扰动变化性态的有关信息．对该领域理论研究与应用的深化与发展问题也作了讨论．     

循环J积分作为疲劳裂纹扩展驱动力的研究

对循环Ｊ积分ΔＪ可否作为应力强度因子幅ΔＫ不再适用的场合的裂纹扩展驱动力进行了研究。用Ｄ－Ｂ法估计了中心裂纹板（ＣＣＰ）和单边裂纹板（ＳＥＣＰ）试件受单调加载作用的Ｊ积分的塑性部分Ｊｐ，并与有限元结果进行了比较。本文还对Ｖ型和半圆切口根部萌生的短裂纹在循环载荷下进行了弹塑性大应变有限元分析。结果表明ΔＪ有一定的路径相关性，即由较靠近裂尖的积分路径得的ΔＪ值小于较远路径上获得的，两者又都小于Ｄ－Ｂ法估计得ΔＪ值，切口根部短裂纹扩展实验和表面裂纹远场大应变控制下低周疲劳实验表明，由Ｄ－Ｂ法估计的ΔＪ在一定条件下可以作为疲劳裂纹扩展驱动力，深度方向和表面长度方面的裂纹扩展率皆可由线性似合线来表示。考虑闭合效应后，ｄａ／ｄＮ－ΔＪｅｆｆ也是Ｐａｒｉｓ型关系，而且可在切口根部萌生出的裂纹很短的条件下使用     

Complete Asymptotic Expansions of Solutions of the System of Elastostatics in the Presence of an Inclusion of Small Diameter and Detection of an Inclusion

We consider the system of elastostatics for an elastic medium consisting of an imperfection of small diameter, embedded in a homogeneous reference medium. The Lamé constants of the imperfection are different from those of the background medium. We establish a complete asymptotic formula for the displacement vector in terms of the reference Lamé constants, the location of the imperfection and its geometry. Our derivation is rigorous, and based on layer potential techniques. The asymptotic expansions in this paper are valid for an elastic imperfection with Lipschitz boundaries. In the course of derivation of the asymptotic formula, we introduce the concept of (generalized) elastic moment tensors (Pólya–Szegö tensor) and prove that the first order elastic moment tensor is symmetric and positive (negative)-definite. We also obtain estimation of its eigenvalue. We then apply these asymptotic formulas for the purpose of identifying with high precision the order of magnitude of the diameter of the elastic inclusion, its location, and its elastic moment tensors.     

Averaging Anisotropic Elastic Constant Data

A method of averaging the data on the anisotropic elastic constants of a material is presented. The anisotropic elastic constants are represented by the elasticity tensor which is expressed as a second rank tensor in a space of six dimensions. The method consists of averaging eigenbases of different measurements of the elasticity tensor, then averaging the eigenvalues referred to the average eigenbasis. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors are obtained by using a representation of the stress-strain relations due, in principle, to Kelvin [17, 18]. The formulas for the representation of the averaged elasticity tensor are simple and concise. The applications of these formulas are illustrated using previously reported data, and are contrasted with the traditional analysis of the same data by Hearmon [9]. An interesting result that emerges from this analysis is a method dealing with variable composition anisotropic elastic materials whose elastic constants depend upon the particular composition. In the case of porous isotropic materials, for example, it is customary to regress the Young's modulus against porosity. The results of this paper suggest a structure or paradigm for extending to anisotropic materials this empirical method of regressing elastic constant data against composition or porosity.     

Bounds and self-consistent estimates for elastic constants of random polycrystals with hexagonal, trigonal, and tetragonal symmetries

Peselnick, Meister, and Watt have developed rigorous methods for bounding elastic constants of random polycrystals based on the Hashin-Shtrikman variational principles. In particular, a fairly complex set of equations that amounts to an algorithm has been presented previously for finding the bounds on effective elastic moduli for polycrystals having hexagonal, trigonal, and tetragonal symmetries. A more analytical approach developed here, although based on the same ideas, results in a new set of compact formulas for all the cases considered. Once these formulas have been established, it is then straightforward to perform what could be considered an analytic continuation of the formulas (into the region of parameter space between the bounds) that can subsequently be used to provide self-consistent estimates for the elastic constants in all cases. This approach is very similar in spirit but differs in its details from earlier work of Willis, showing how Hashin-Shtrikman bounds and certain classes of self-consistent estimates may be related. These self-consistent estimates always lie within the bounds for physical choices of the crystal elastic constants and for all the choices of crystal symmetry considered. For cubic symmetry, the present method reproduces the self-consistent estimates obtained earlier by various authors, but the formulas for both bounds and estimates are generated in a more symmetric form. Numerical values of the estimates obtained this way are also very comparable to those found by the Gubernatis and Krumhansl coherent potential approximation (or CPA), but do not require computations of scattering coefficients.     

弹性常数对薄板大挠度弯曲的影响

本文针对薄板大挠度弯曲问题，导出了不同弹性常数对应解之间的等价关系式，研究了弹性常数对横向荷载－挠度、弯曲应力－挠度、中面应力－挠度等非线性表达式系数的影响，还分析了文献［１］中近似换算公式的误差。     

三维气泡羽流的Kobus理论的扩展与评判

本文用已有的一些典型实验数据对三维气泡羽流的Kobus理论进行了全面检验。导出了计算Kobus理论中所包含的全部经验常数的公式,使得Kobus理论的实际应用更加方便。并对Kobus理论进行了评判。     

Acoustoelasticity in a weakly anisotropic monoclinic elastic material

The acoustoelasticity in a stressed monoclinic elastic material is analyzed theoretically. It is assumed that the material has weak anisotropy, such that the second-order elastic constants differ slightly from those of an isotropic material and the third-order elastic constants retain general monoclinic anisotropy. The propagation velocities, the polarization directions and the acoustoelastic effects for principal longitudinal and transverse waves are obtained and presented as functions of the elastic constants, principal stresses and directions of principal axes of stress. The coefficients appearing in the formulas are tabulated for Laue groups.     

Thermoelasticity constants of polycrystals

Exact formulas are derived for the thermoelasticity constants of macroscopically homogeneous polycrystals. A method described earlier [1] is used as the basis. It is assumed that the local parameters form an ergodic homogeneous random field. No restriction is imposed on the degree of anisotropy of the crystals.     

基于Novozhilov理论带隔板连续弯箱位移参数的动态Bayes估计

推导了基于Novozhilov理论的简支弯箱有限曲条控制方程,并结合柔度法解决了带隔板连续弯箱的求解问题。首次建立了带隔板连续弯箱位移参数的动态Bayes误差函数,推导了相应的动态Bayes均值和方差表达式,提出步长的一维自动寻优方案后,结合共轭梯度法研究了带隔板连续弯箱位移参数的动态Bayes估计方法,同时给出了带隔板连续弯箱位移参数具体估计步骤。通过典型算例分析,总结了带隔板连续弯箱位移参数先验信息准确性判定方法及位移参数动态Bayes随机估计的其它重要结论。     

Elastic constant measurement by using line-focus-beam acoustic microscope

The purpose of this study is to develop a method for measuring elastic constants using a LFB acoustic microscope. For this purpose, a theoretical procedure for the estimation of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio is introduced based on elastic theory. According to this procedure, experimental velocity measurement and elastic constants estimation are made by use of a LFB acoustic microscope. For the confirmation of the availability of this method, the estimated elastic constant is compared to measurements of elastic constants by other methods. The resulting estimated values of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio obtained by the LFB acoustic microscope are highly accurate which confirms the usefulness of the elastic constant measurement system. T. Mihara is Research Associate, and M. Obata (former SEM Member), deceased, was Professor, Department of Materials Processing, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba, Sendai, 980, Japan.     

Buckling analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: a continuum model accounting for van der Waals interaction

Explicit formulas are derived for the van der Waals (vdW) interaction between any two layers of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT). Based on the derived formulas, an efficient algorithm is established for the buckling analysis of multi-walled CNTs, in which individual tubes are modeled as a continuum cylindrical shell. The explicit expressions are also derived for the buckling of double-walled CNTs. In previous studies by Ru (J. Appl. Phys. 87 (2000b) 7227) and Wang et al. (Int. J. Solids Struct. 40 (2003) 3893), only the vdW interaction between adjacent two layers was considered and the vdW interaction between the other two layers was neglected. The vdW interaction coefficient was treated as a constant that was not dependent on the radii of the tubes. However, the formulas derived herein reveal that the vdW interaction coefficients are dependent on the change of interlayer spacing and the radii of the tubes. With the increase of radii, the coefficients approach constants, and the constants between two adjacent layers are about 10% higher than those reported by Wang et al. (Int. J. Solids. Struct. 40 (2003) 3893). In addition, the numerical results show that the vdW interaction will lead to a higher critical buckling load in multi-walled CNTs. The effect of the tube radius on the critical buckling load of a multi-walled CNT is also examined.