含螺环原碳酸酯的预聚物对环氧树脂的改性研究

Bailey发现螺环原酸酯和螺环原碳酸酯等单体在阳离子引发剂作用下进行双开环聚合反应时，伴随着体积膨胀［‘j．这一现象引起了高分子材料学家的极大兴趣，因为树脂固化时产生体积收缩，会使树脂材料内部产生收缩应力，是导致材料力学性能下降，使用寿命降低的主要原因之一．例如，用不饱和螺环原碳酸酯改性的某种补牙材料与牙的粘接力比不含螺环原碳酸酯的大一倍，并且改善了冲击强度而不改变模量．更为重要的是，由于体积稍微膨胀，补牙材料与牙齿间无缝隙，从而消除了在缝隙中繁殖细菌的可能性，达到既结实又卫生的目的【‘］．利用螺环…     

用含螺环原碳酸酯的预聚物改性环氧树脂的粘接性能

用含螺环原碳酸酯的预聚物改性环氧树脂的粘接性能白如科，王长松，齐龙武，潘才元（中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程系，合肥，２３００２６）关键词螺环原碳酸酯，齐聚物，改性环氧树脂，粘接性能Ｂａｉｌｅｙ［１］发现双螺环化合物在双开环聚合反应时，伴随着体积膨胀...     

螺环原碳酸酯的单体合成及阳离子聚合

螺环原碳酸酯的单体合成及阳离子聚合袁金颖（合肥工业大学化工学院，合肥２３０００９）潘才元白如科（中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程系，合肥２３００２６）关键词合成螺环原碳酸酯阳离子聚合双开环聚合反应中图分类号Ｏ５２３．６２４Ｂａｉｌｅｙ于１９７２年发现，...     

2-苯基-4-亚甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷与受电子单体的自动共聚反应

<正> 在极性相反的单体对中,有些无需加自由基引发剂,就能进行所谓自动共聚合反应.带乙烯基的螺环原酸酯、碳酸酯和环缩醛或酮等是给电子单体,可能与接受电子的单体,如马来酸酐(Manh)进行自动共聚反应.至今,这方面研究工作报道甚少。 我们合成的2-苯基-4-亚甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷(PMDO)能进行自由基开环聚合反应.本文研究它与受电子单体,如Manh、丙烯腈(AN)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的自动共聚反应.     

含氧螺环侧基线型共聚物的光交联和应用

研究了乙烯基螺环原酯和马来酸酐共聚物的光交联反应 ,使用碘金翁盐作为阳离子光引发剂 ,在UV光作用下 ,通过乙烯基螺环原酯单元上的螺环开环聚合反应产生交联 ,产物的体积发生膨胀 ,膨胀率为 2 %左右。由于乙烯基螺环原酯单元生成的长侧链的作用 ,增进了高分子链的活动性 ,使得在固体膜中螺环开环反应转化率达到 80 %以上 ,同时光交联产物不产生脆性。进一步研究了光引发剂碘金翁盐 (PhI+Ph·R)X-的浓度和结构对乙烯基螺环原酯 /马来酸酐共聚物光交联反应的影响 ,发现螺环开环反应转化率随金翁盐浓度增大而增加 ,并于 2wt%出现最高点 ,而其取代基的碳链长度对交联速度的效果是C4>C8>C12 ,其对离子X-的影响则和它们的离子强度相关。应用乙烯基螺环原酯 /马来酸酐共聚物与改性环氧丙烯酸酯和季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯组成感光树脂 ,经曝光和碱水显影加工可获得清晰的图像。     

螺环原酸酯改性环氧树脂的研究

合成了一个新的螺环原酸酯单体,即带有螺环原酸酯结构单元的环氧树脂（Ｅ ５４）．用该单体对环氧树脂进行改性,可以减少残留在树脂基体中的环氧基团,这说明该单体与环氧树脂之间发生了共聚固化反应．基体的Ｔｇ和热稳定性随预聚物加入量的增加而降低,但改性环氧树脂的粘接强度则随预聚物的加入量的增加而增加．对上述试验观察到的现象进行了讨论,并测试了改性环氧树脂基体的力学性能．     

3，9－二羟乙基－3＇，9＇－二苯甲基－1，5，7，11－四氧杂螺环［5，5］十一烷的合成和聚合反应

从两二酸二乙酯、氯乙酸乙酯和氯苄出发，经ＬｉＡｌＨ４还原，合成新的二元醇，进而合成新的螺环化合物：３，９－二羟乙基－３＇，９＇－二苯甲基－１，５，７，１１－四氧杂螺［５，５］十一烷．该化合物的结构由它的氢和碳－１３核磁共振谱、红外光谱和元素分析得到证明．该单体在三氟化硼乙醚络合物的作用下进行开环聚合反应．由于环上四个取代基的稳定作用，聚合物的收率比较低（产率１０％左右）．通过对聚合物的结构分析，提出了这一单体的阳离子开环聚合反应机理．对随聚合温度升高，聚合物中酯基／苯基的克分子比降低，以及本体聚合时得到交联聚合物等一系列现象作了探讨．     

5,6-苯并-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧环庚烷的活性自由基开环聚合反应

活性 (或称可控 )自由基聚合研究是目前高分子科学的研究热点之一[1～ 8] .活性自由基聚合制备的聚合物具有分子量随转化率提高而线性增加、分子量分布窄和聚合反应为一级反应动力学等特点 .自由基开环聚合所得产物体积收缩小 ,某些含有不饱和双键的螺环单体发生双开环聚合时甚至发生体积膨胀 ;开环聚合还可在聚合物主链上引入各种官能团 ,如酯基、碳酸酯基、酮基等 [9～ 12 ] .因此 ,用活性聚合的方法对自由基开环聚合的分子量和分子量分布进行控制 ,可以制备出具有各种不同结构和性能的新聚合物 . Wei等 [13] 报道了利用稳定自由基法实现…     

螺环单体的合成、聚合及与环氧树脂的固化反应

合成了新螺环原碳酸酯单体：３，９－二（对甲氧基苄基）－１，５，７，１１－四氧杂螺环［５，５］十一烷．以ＢＦ３·ＯＥｔ２为催化剂，实现了其阳离子聚合．聚合产物的１ＨＮＭＲ、１３ＣＮＭＲ、ＩＲ及元素分析均表明发生了双开环聚合反应．探讨了其聚合历程．用ＤＳＣ和ＩＲ跟踪环氧树脂及其与螺环单体混合后的固化反应过程，研究了固化剂、反应条件对固化反应的影响     

新型螺环单体的合成和自由基聚合反应的研究

新型螺环单体的合成和自由基聚合反应的研究王宏鲁剑涛冯品珍（中国科学技术大学研究生院化学部北京１０００３９）关键词自由基聚合，新单体合成，螺环单体，自由基共聚虽然离子型开环聚合早已为人熟知，但是自由基开环聚合反应的研究和应用开发还刚刚起步．...     

Copolymers containing a spiro orthoester moiety that undergo no shrinkage during cationic crosslinking

A spiro orthoester with an exomethylene group (exoSOE) was radically copolymerized with acrylonitrile or vinyl acetate at several feed ratios to obtain the corresponding copolymers having spiro orthoester moieties in the side chain. The obtained copolymers could be crosslinked via the double ring‐opening polymerization of the spiro orthoester moieties in their side chain by a treatment with BF₃OEt₂. The volume changes upon the crosslinking of the copolymers were evaluated by density measurements with a micromeritics gas pycnometer. The copolymers experienced less than 1% volume expansion instead of volume shrinkage during typical cationic crosslinking, regardless of the copolymer compositions. Negligible shrinkage was observed during the thermal cationic crosslinking of a film cast from a nitrobenzene solution of the copolymers containing a benzylthiophenium salt as a thermally latent cationic initiator. The constantly low volume changes during the crosslinking of the copolymers from exoSOE probably depended on the almost zero volume change during the cationic polymerizations of spiro orthoester derivatives. This indicates that exoSOE is an effective monomer for crosslinkable polymers without volume changes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3666–3673, 2006     

Synthesis and cationic ring-opening polymerization of mono- and bifunctional spiro orthoesters containing ester groups and depolymerization of the obtained polymers: An approach to chemical recycling for polyesters as a model system

A spiro orthoester having an ester moiety, 2-acetoxymethyl-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4.6]undecane (4) was synthesized, and its cationic polymerization and depolymerization of the obtained polymer (5) were carried out. The monomer 4 underwent cationic polymerization with a cationic catalyst to afford the corresponding poly(cyclic orthoester) 5. The obtained polymer 5 could be depolymerized with a cationic catalyst to regenerate the monomer 4 in an excellent yield. Further, bifunctional spiro orthoesters (6, 8, 9) having diester moieties were synthesized from terephthalic acid, succinic acid, and 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and their acid-catalyzed reversible crosslinking–decrosslinking was examined. The bifunctional monomer 6 derived from terephthalic acid underwent cationic crosslinking to afford the corresponding network polymer (7), which could be also depolymerized to regenerate the original bifunctional monomer 6. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2551–2558, 1999     

Phosphorylated copolymers containing pendant,crosslinkable spiro orthoester moieties

The synthesis of a novel spiro orthoester containing monomer, 1,4,6‐trioxaspiro[4.4]‐2‐nonylmethyl acrylate, is presented. This monomer was polymerized via a free‐radical system to yield the homopolymer and a series of copolymers with phosphorus‐containing comonomers. Diethyl vinyl phosphonate, allyldiphenylphosphine oxide, and diethyl(methacryoyoxymethyl)phosphonate were used in various feed ratios to produce copolymers with different phosphorous concentrations containing crosslinkable spiro orthoester side‐chain units. The crosslinking of the polymers was performed cationically with ytterbium triflate, and in all cases, the expansion of the polymer was observed. Moreover, the incorporation of phosphorus into the copolymers increased the limiting oxygen indices, regardless of the percentage of phosphorus used. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6728–6737, 2006     

Cationic equilibrium ring-opening polymerization of bicyclic monomers and its application to chemical recycling

Spiro orthoesters give poly(cyclic orthoester)s by single ring-opening polymerization in the presence of acid catalysts, and this process undergoes the equilibrium polymerization. We have applied the function of equilibrium polymerization to chemical recycling of polymeric materials. Crosslinked poly(cyclic orthoester)s, prepared by radical additions of poly(cyclic orthoester)s possessing exomethylene groups and dithiols, efficiently decrosslinked to bifunctional spiro orthoesters in the presence of CF₃CO₂H in CH₂Cl₂. The dithiol-linked bifunctional spiro orthoester monomers, prepared by the radical additions of spiro orthoester possessing exomethylene group and dithiols, afforded the corresponding crosslinked polymers in the presence of CF₃CO₂H as a catalyst in bulk. The decrosslinking of the obtained crosslinked polymer proceeded quantitatively to obtain the corresponding bifunctional monomer at room temperature in CH₂Cl₂. Further, an acid-catalyzed reversible crosslinking-decrosslinking of a polymer having a spiro orthoester group in the side chain was carried out. The copolymer obtained by the radical copolymerization of 2-methylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4.6]undecane with acrylonitrile was treated with CF₃CO₂H at −10 °C in CH₂Cl₂ to afford the crosslinked polymer quantitatively. The crosslinked polymer was then treated with CF₃CO₂H at room temperature at a low concentration in CH₂Cl₂ to recover the original polymer.     

A Novel Construction of Ring-Opening Polymerization and Chemical Recycling System

This article summarizes our recent efforts to chemical recycling of polymeric materials based on the equilibrium polymerization character of cyclic monomers. Spiro orthoesters ( SOE s), bicyclo orthoester, cyclic carbonates, and dithiocarbonates undergo ring-opening polymerization to afford the corresponding polymers, and the resulting polymers depolymerize to give the starting monomers under cationic or anionic conditions. Further, crosslinking and decrosslinking systems of bifunctional SOE s and a polymer having SOE moiety in the side chain are described.     

Polyaddition of bifunctional spiro orthoesters with bifunctional acid chlorides accompanying double ring‐opening isomerization

Polyaddition of bifunctional spiro orthoesters (SOEs) with bifunctional acid chlorides was examined to develop zero‐shrinkage polymerization. The polyaddition afforded the corresponding polyether‐esters by repeating the addition reaction accompanying the double ring‐opening isomerization of the SOE moiety in a manner similar to the reaction of monofunctional SOEs with acid chlorides. The polyaddition accompanied a slight shrinkage or expansion in volume. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 68–73, 2000     

Synthesis and polymerization of styrene monomers bearing spiroorthoester structure and volume change during crosslinking by double ring‐opening of the pendant spiroorthoesters of the obtained polymers

Novel styrene monomers bearing a five or seven‐membered spiroorthoester structure (SOE5, SOE7) were synthesized and their radical polymerizations as well as volume change during crosslinking of the obtained polymers were investigated. SOE5 and SOE7 were prepared from 4‐vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether and γ‐butyrolactone or ε‐caprolactone using boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex as a catalyst, respectively. Radical polymerizations of these monomers using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) gave the corresponding styrene‐based polymers with keeping the spiroorthoester structures unchanged. These polymers could be transformed to networked polymers by heating with a sulfonium antimonate, a thermally latent cationic polymerization initiator. Copolymerization of SOE5 or SOE7 with styrene at various compositions was carried out to efficiently obtain the corresponding copolymers, respectively. These polymers and copolymers showed little volume shrinkage or slight volume expansion during the crosslinking. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 1790–1795     

Radical ring‐opening polymerization

The radical ring‐opening polymerization (RROP) behavior of the following monomers is reviewed, and the possibility for application to functional materials is described: cyclic disulfide, bicyclobutane, vinylcyclopropane, vinylcyclobutane, vinyloxirane, vinylthiirane, 4‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxolane, cyclic ketene acetal, cyclic arylsulfide, cyclic α‐oxyacrylate, benzocyclobutene, o‐xylylene dimer, exo‐methylene‐substituted spiro orthocarbonate, exo‐methylene‐substituted spiro orthoester, and vinylcyclopropanone cyclic acetal. RROP is a promising candidate for producing a wide variety of environmentally friendly functional polymers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 265–276, 2001     

Communication: Synthesis of 3-O-Benzyl-β-L-Arabinofuranose 1,2,5-Orthopivalate as a Starting Monomer for Ring-Opening Polymerization

We have studied the ring-opening polymerizations of a variety of glucose orthoester derivatives and found that substituents on the monomer play an important role in stereo- and regioregularity of the resulting polymers.^1-3 These substituent effects open the possibility of application to ring-opening polymerizations of other sugar orthoesters to give stereo- and regioregular polysaccharides. Additionally, the ring-opening polymerization of the galactose orthoester derivative⁴ gave stereoregular (1→5)-β-D-galactofuranan.