赖氨酸环二肽有机凝胶因子的合成及其选择性凝胶化与染料吸附

在利用半胱氨酸修饰赖氨酸环二肽制备对称性四肽的过程中, 通过两种脱除Trt(三苯甲基)的方法分别得到含有Fmoc(芴甲氧羰基)的非环与大环四肽产物, 其结构得到了核磁、质谱、红外、元素分析等证实。 它们能使多种有机溶剂凝胶化, 且具有热可逆性, 由扫描电子显微镜(SEM)可观察到凝胶内部均为三维网络结构。 在体积分数低至0.1%的含氯有机溶剂/水两相体系中, 它们依然可以进行选择性凝胶化。 此外, 该有机凝胶干胶由于内部微纳米网络结构以及Fmoc基团的存在, 可以直接从水溶液中吸收多种染料分子, 且吸附能力随温度的升高而提高。     

能使有机溶剂凝胶化的凝胶因子研究进展

较系统地综述了有机凝胶因子的种类及其在有机溶剂中聚集与自我组装,形成有机凝胶的研究进展。     

纤维素在离子液体中的均相乙酰化及其选择性

在1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐(AMIMCl)离子液体中进行了纤维素的均相乙酰化. 酯化剂为乙酸酐和乙酰氯以及加入或不加入催化剂吡啶. 用滴定法确定了产物的取代度(DS), 根据¹³C NMR考察了产物的取代度分布. 结果表明: 酰氯酰化的反应速度比酸酐快; 吡啶能加快乙酸酐的酯化反应, 但减慢酰氯的反应; 使用乙酸酐/吡啶酯化时所得产物具有特殊的取代度分布, 即DS_C-2>> DS _C-3.     

溶胶-凝胶固相微萃取涂层及其在农药残留分析中的应用

利用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)技术制备固相微萃取(SPME)涂层材料.通过硅醇盐前驱体与涂层聚合物羟基硅油(OH-TSO)的水解共聚的方法,成功地制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷sol-gel 涂层的SPME 萃取头,并以农药的混合标准水溶液为研究对象,用直接-固相微萃取-气相色谱法(GC)对涂层的性能进行考察,制成的萃取头适用于多种农药残留的萃取分离分析.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备红霉素印迹固相萃取材料及其选择性吸附

以红霉素为模板分子,采用溶胶-凝胶印迹技术,合成对红霉素具有特异选择识别性能的印迹聚合材料.采用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析以及比表面积测定技术对印迹聚合物的结构和表面性能进行详细探讨,结果表明所得印迹聚合物比表面积为266.2m2/g,粒径为600nm左右的颗粒材料.选择3种抗生素类药物进行选择吸附研究,结果表明,该聚合物对红霉素的分离因子最高达到2.20.优化固相萃取条件,结果表明用甲醇:乙酸(75:25,V/V)作为洗脱剂时对红霉素的洗脱效果最好.结合液相色谱技术,该印迹材料成功的分离和富集红霉素肠溶片中的红霉素,回收率达到104.5%。     

具有选择性胶凝能力的小分子胶凝剂研究进展

不相溶混合溶剂的选择性胶凝对于溶剂纯化和分离,特别是溢油处理和水体净化具有十分重要的意义。 具有选择性胶凝能力的胶凝剂可以是高分子、微纳米颗粒和小分子胶凝剂。 然而,相对于高分子和微纳米颗粒材料,以小分子化合物为胶凝剂的凝胶往往具有凝胶 溶胶相变可逆性,这种可逆性无疑会对凝胶体系的实际应用带来额外的好处。 基于这些考虑,本文按照胶凝剂分子的结构,分类介绍此类小分子胶凝剂研究进展,并展望了相关研究的前景和可能应用。     

选择性固相微萃取涂层的研究进展

固相微萃取装置的核心部分是它的涂层,涂层的种类和厚度是影响分析灵敏度和选择性的最重要因素。具选择性的涂层可增强固相微萃取的分离能力,扩展它的应用范围。本文介绍了固相微萃取的类型,综述了近年来选择性固相微萃取涂层的研究进展,包括溶胶-凝胶涂层、限进介质涂层、分子印迹涂层等涂层的研制及应用。     

微波灰化分析在油品金属含量前处理中的应用

油品经过微波灰化仪和传统干式灰化法分别处理,运用等离子发射光谱仪进行金属含量测定,对比所得结果,同时优化了样品微波灰化条件.结果表明:与传统干式灰化法相比,方法的特点是快速氧化样品,无须炭化直接灰化,大大缩短了灰化时间,同时在灰化中减少了烟雾对环境的污染,过程简便、快速、结果准确,大大提高工作效率,达到了快速分析的要求.     

胆固醇分子印迹聚合有机凝胶的制备及其选择性吸附研究

以N-十八烷基马来酰胺酸(ODMA)为凝胶剂,在甲基丙烯酸β-羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和模板分子3-胆固醇酰氧基丙酸(COPA)混合物中自组装形成稳定的超分子有机凝胶,经UV原位光聚合,乙腈提取模板分子制备了胆固醇非共价印迹聚合有机凝胶.吸附实验在水/THF中进行.结果显示胆固醇非共价印迹聚合有机凝胶...     

Corey氧化剂及其在选择性氧化中的应用

Corey氧化剂(PCC)是一种为世界公认的有效选择性氧化剂之一,应用非常广泛。本文就1982年以来PCC的发展状况和趋势作一较详细的介绍和评述。包括:一、对醇类的氧化;二,对甾族化合物的氧化;三、对话泼亚甲基的氧化;四、对含活泼碳碳双键化合物的氧化;五、对硅、硼金属有机化合物的氧化;六、载体在PCC选择性氧化中的应用;七、超声泼在PCC选择性氧化中的应用。     

Benzohydrazide Derivatives: Gelation and Application in Oil Spill Recovery

The synthesis and gelation properties of a series of organogelators containing a benzohydrazide unit and two alkoxy chains(oBn) were reported herein. oBn(n=8, 10, 12) could form stable gels in commercial fuels(e.g., diesel), which were characterized by low critical gelation concentrations(CGCs) and good mechanical properties (G'>10⁵ Pa). The gelation process was further studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and X-ray diffraction(XRD), etc. It was demonstrated that in these organogels, molecules self-assembled into fibrils 3D-network, where hydrogen bonding, van der Waals force and π-π interaction were confirmed as the driving forces. As compounds oBn(n=8, 10, 12) show very good gelation properties in diesel, their applications in oil spill treatment have also been tested. It was found that oBn could achieve rapid (<30 s) and effective oil removal at room temperature, being good candidates for oil spill treatment in the future. Also, the removal efficiency could be as high as 95%.     

水上溢油的气相色谱-质谱法鉴别

利用气相色谱－质谱法分析水上溢油样品和可凝溢油源样品，通过比较溢油样品和可疑溢油源样品的总离子流图的轮廓、m/z 191和m/z 217质量色谱图指纹和姥鲛烷（Pr)与峰面积比值APr/APh,建立了水上溢油的GC－MS鉴别方法。     

Synthesis of Some Oil Spill Dispersants Based on Sorbitol Esters and Their Capability to Disperse Crude Oil on Seawater to Alleviate Its Accumulation and Environmental Impact

In this respect mono‐, di‐, and tri‐ sorbitol oleate esters [SMO, SDO, and STO] were prepared and then ethoxylated using ethylene oxide to obtain six sorbitol esters at different ethylene oxide content (e.o=5, 12, 15, 20, 35, and 45). They were tested as oil spill dispersants individually and in blends. From the obtained data, it was found that the blends are more effective than the corresponding individual surfactants. The maximum dispersion capability for the prepared surfactants was obtained at HLB range from 9 to 11 for the both individual surfactants and blends. The increase of total carbon number in the surfactant alkyl group leads to increase dispersion capability of the dispersant. The wide range of ethylene oxide content was used, but the maximum dispersion efficiency was obtained at ethylene oxide=20 in E(20)STO. Meanwhile, the dispersion capability increases when the interfacial tension decreases.     

In Situ Device for Detection of Oil Spill in Seawater

The purpose of this study was to design an innovative, real time, cost effective, and environment friendly in situ technique for the surface measurement of oil spill thickness. The technique was based on the concept of the electrical conductivity to characterize and to measure the thickness of an oil layer in seawater. The system was designed to monitor the seawater pollution continuously and to send an alarm if the oil level exceeds a certain limit. The results of this study are very important as they may contribute to the development of advanced practices in oil spill detection.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Ethoxylated Alkyl Sulfosuccinates as Oil Spill Dispersants

The surface properties particularly, Krafft point, foam stability and emulsion stability for the synthesized series of ethoxylated sodium monoalkyl (octyl-, dodecyl-, and cetyl-) sulfosuccinate surfactants were investigated comparing with those of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate. The prepared surfactants were evaluated as oil spill dispersants using screen test method. The results show that, the ethylene oxide units in the mixed moiety surfactant system (anionic–nonionic) effect on the depression of the Krafft point. Also, the increasing of ethylene oxide units in the prepared surfactants decreases the foam ability of these surfactants. The results of emulsion stability show that, the increasing in ethylene oxide units owing to the emulsion stability decreases. The prepared surfactants show a dispersion capability at different content of ethylene oxide units (9, 14, 23, and 90) and at different concentrations. The dispersion capability for these surfactants in the sea water is better than in the fresh water. The results show that, the increase of ethylene oxide units increases the dispersion efficiency of the synthesized surfactants.     

表面活性剂溶液油水界面相平衡研究

以Butler方程为基础,导出了1组通用的界面相平衡计算方程。利用此方程计算了多个实际体系,结果令人满意。根据实验现象及计算结果,提出了一种多组分界面相物理模型并探讨了表面活性物质在油水界面上的相互作用规律,为乳状液、微乳状液等研究提供了有益的信息。     

κ-卡拉胶研究进展

结合作者的研究工作，综述了κ-卡拉胶(KC)的化学结构、性质、应用及热可逆凝胶化机理及金属离子促凝胶化的研究进展。     

Evaluation of Hydrophobic Polyurethane Foam as Sorbent Material for Oil Spill Recovery

In this work, hydrophobic polyurethane foam was prepared using hy-drosilicone oil-grafted polybutadiene as soft segment via foaming technology. It was found that the hydrophobic polyurethane foams exhibited good hydrophobic capability and were regenerated easily. Of great interest, the hydrophobic polyurethane foams expand in contact with the oils. This indicates that the process of sorption by the hydrophobic polyurethane foams involves both the filling of the pores with oils and the absorption of oils by the polymer regions (polyurethane elastomer skeleton), and the adsorption capacity of the hydrophobic polyurethane foams can be enhanced by the swelling of the polyurethane elastomer skeleton. We can use this finding to improve the adsorption capacity of the hydrophobic polyurethane foams without merely changing the porosity. The effect of the swelling property of the hydrophobic polyurethane foams on the sorption capacity was further investigated. The results suggest that the hydrophobic polyurethane foams are promising in the application of oil spill recovery.     

溶致液晶体系研究及其在三次采油中的应用

研究了石油磺酸盐/正戊醇/水的三元体系和石油磺酸盐/癸烷/正戊醇/水的拟三元体系相图中的液晶区域,揭示了不同组分对液晶区域大小的影响以及液晶的流变性和液晶的结构.在三次采油中,用六角状溶致液晶体系代替三元复合驱体系进行化学驱油,虽然驱油效率更高,但需要进一步降低液晶驱油体系的成本.     

流变和光学法研究PAN/DMSO/H_2O体系的凝胶化和相分离行为

碳纤维是非常重要的增强材料,在军工以及高档民用产品中用途广泛。因为聚丙烯腈原丝的结构会"遗传"到最终的碳纤维结构中,因此原丝结构对碳纤维的性能影响很大。原丝的结构是纺丝液在凝固浴中的相分离和凝胶化两个过程决定的,因此研究这两个过程的规律并进一步控制它们的进程,达到调控原丝结构的目的是非常重要的。本文介绍了本课题组利用流变学及光学的方法研究PAN/DMSO/H2O体系凝胶化及相分离行为的最新研究成果,主要探索了PAN/DMSO/H2O浓溶液中凝胶化行为,发现了二次自相似结构的形成并对其机理进行了分析,并对PAN/DMSO/H2O亚浓溶液中凝胶化与相分离的耦合过程进行了研究,分析了最终凝胶的结构特性及Winter-Chambon模型在此过程中的适用性。最后,对PAN/DMSO/H2O体系凝胶化及相分离行为的下一步研究进行了展望。