多二硫键聚醚氨酯核壳载药微粒的制备及性能研究

利用"同轴电喷-去模板技术"制备了载药效率接近100%,且具有核-壳结构和氧化还原响应性的药物控释微球.首先通过同轴电喷技术,制备了以聚乙二醇(PEG)为壳,主链含多个二硫键的聚醚氨酯(PEU)为核的微球.通过"去模板"方法,脱去PEG层,可以使所制备的微球的尺寸从微米减小到纳米尺度.在含二硫苏糖醇(DTT)的媒介中,PEU可以快速降解.体外释药的结果显示,在含谷胱甘肽(GSH)的媒介中,载药纳米微球可在12 h内将其所包载的药物的80%释放出,具有显著的氧化还原响应性控制释放药物的特征.     

多重响应性介孔二氧化硅纳米微球的制备及载药研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了以油酸稳定的Fe3O4为核, 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂的磁响应性的介孔二氧化硅纳米微球; 通过孔道内修饰羧基和巯基, 链转移反应修饰线性的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺)共聚物得到多重响应性的介孔二氧化硅纳米微球P(NIPAM-co-NHMA)@M-MSN(-COOH). 利用Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外光谱(UV/Vis)表征了微球的物理化学性质. 阿霉素(DOX)被用作模型药物研究了这种多重响应性的介孔二氧化硅纳米微球作为药物载体的载药及药物释放行为, 结果显示这种纳米微球载药率高达48%, 药物释放呈现对温度和pH的双重响应性, 可以实现对药物的控制释放.     

氟尿嘧啶-壳寡糖/硒纳米微球的制备及抑制肿瘤细胞生长活性

为研究抗肿瘤药物与辅药负载于同一药物载体的作用效果, 首先以壳寡糖和广谱抗肿瘤药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)为原料通过化学键合合成氟尿嘧啶-壳寡糖前体, 然后以其为模板通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了同时负载氟尿嘧啶和硒纳米颗粒的壳寡糖微球. 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 Zeta电位仪和红外光谱(IR)对制备的微球进行了表征, 结果表明, 微球粒径为433 nm, 硒纳米颗粒包裹在微球内; 对微球包裹药物进行检测发现, 5-Fu装载率为(8.2±0.3)%, 硒装载率为(7.96±0.34)%; 体外缓释检测和细胞实验结果证实, 微球能够缓慢释放2种药物, 其缓释作用能很好地抑制肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的生长.     

壳交联pH响应型PLGA载药微球的制备与研究

首先采用一次乳化法制备出PLGA[聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸)]纳米微球,并通过静电吸附将阳离子聚合物壳聚糖修饰到PLGA微球表面,然后以香草醛为交联剂对壳聚糖进行化学交联,得到一种壳交联的p H响应型纳米微球(PCV),微球粒径为(277.60±38.01)nm,表面电位为(21.60±4.51)m V.微球稳定性评价结果显示微球在24 h内粒径变化较小;流式细胞仪检测显示细胞对PCV微球的摄取量比未经修饰的PLGA微球的摄取量高;空白微球细胞毒性实验表明在空白微球浓度小于80μg/m L时细胞的存活率达93.24%.以多西他赛(DTX)为模型药物进行包载,该纳米微球DTX的载药率为7.48%,包封率为34.98%;体外药物释放实验显示,该微球在p H=5.0环境下孵育90 h的药物积累释放率达58.66%,而在p H=7.4的环境下的药物积累释放率为50.63%;此外,载DTX微球毒性试验结果表明该载药微球对A549肺癌细胞有较强的杀伤作用,其IC50值可达0.0009μg/m L.     

抗癌载药体系Fe_3O_4@ZIF-8@PA的合成及药物释放

采用溶剂热法合成磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,并以此为基底设计制备了一种具有pH响应核壳结构的磁性纳米复合材料Fe_3O_4@ZIF-8@PA.该材料的比饱和磁化强度可达35.46 A·m2/g,具有良好的磁性.Fe_3O_4纳米粒子呈球型结构,分散性良好.与基底相比,复合微球的粒径尺寸明显增大,但依然符合载体材料的理想尺寸且分布均匀.此外,载体具有多孔结构,表面积较大,载药效率和载药量分别高达96.4%和144.6 mg/g.在pH为7.4和5.0的条件下对载药纳米粒子进行了药物释放研究.24 h内,粒子在2种pH下累计释放量分别为39.8%和78.6%.通过药物缓释验证了载体的pH响应性能.在实验中引入了对癌细胞具有杀伤作用的植酸,使合成的载体具有一定的抗癌作用.同时采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法对人骨肉瘤细胞(MG-63)进行了体外分析实验,证实材料与抗癌药物阿霉素(DOX)之间存在着一定的协同抗癌效果.     

载药蛋白质/聚苯硼酸复合纳米微球制备及其释药性能研究

蛋白质纳米颗粒具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性,易于进行额外的表面修饰,用作药物输送系统提高了生物利用度,减少了药物分子的毒副作用.本工作在利用苯硼酸基团与再生桑蚕丝蛋白(RSF)上相关侧基之间具有路易斯酸-碱配对反应的基础上,通过3-丙烯酰胺苯硼酸(APBA)在RSF水溶液中原位聚合,使RSF分子链重排形成微球并在表面负载抗炎中药,制备了载药丝蛋白/聚苯硼酸纳米微球.此尺寸分布均匀的微球直径约为550～600nm,表面光滑且在水中的分散性能良好;对乔松素、杜鹃素和地奥司明三种药物的负载率分别为7.8%,11.9%和13.4%,包封率分别为75.0%,89.1%和93.7%.载药微球控制释放约7d,且缓释行为具有pH响应性.丝蛋白/聚苯硼酸纳米微球与主体药物协同作用提高了自由基清除速度和清除效率,优于直接给药组.与此同时,将RSF改换为牛血清白蛋白或明胶蛋白,采用此方法也能制成尺寸分别为260和100nm的白蛋白/聚苯硼酸微球或明胶蛋白/聚苯硼酸微球.由此,三种不同尺寸、电性和药物释放速率的蛋白质/聚苯硼酸纳米微球有望适应多种静脉注射和皮下或腹腔注射药物传输的需求.     

聚(L-谷氨酸)微球的制备及其口服药物控释研究

通过正己胺引发γ-苯甲基-L-谷氨酸酯-N-内羧酸酐(BLG-NCA)开环聚合制备聚(γ-苯甲基-L-谷氨酸酯)(PBLG), 并进一步脱掉苯甲基保护得到聚(L-谷氨酸)(PLG). 以利福平为模型药物, 通过油包油(O/O)无水乳液法制备了PLG载药微球. 扫描电子显微镜检测表明该载药微球具有良好的球形形貌且粒径分布较均一, 粒径大小约为9.0 μm. 体外释放实验表明该载药微球对利福平的释放具有明显的pH敏感性, 在模拟胃液中较少释放利福平, 而在模拟肠液中较快并大量释放利福平, 符合口服药物载体释放性能的要求, 可用于口服药物的定位肠溶性载体. 此外, 噻唑蓝实验表明该微球具有良好的生物相容性.     

一种具有核-壳结构的聚合物纳米胶粒的制备及其药物运载性能

以丙烯酸异丁酯(IBA)、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(DMAEMA)、丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)作为聚合单体,利用种子微乳液聚合制备了一种具有核-壳结构的聚合物纳米胶粒P(DMAEMA-co-IBA)/P(IBA-co-HEA);采用红外光谱仪、动态激光光散射仪、透射电镜分析了所得胶粒的结构和形貌;将叶酸成功嵌入聚合物胶粒,得到直径约293nm的球形载药胶粒,利用药物体外释放测定了药物运载性能.结果表明,所制备的共聚物纳米胶粒呈球形,直径约275nm,粒径分布较窄,并具有核-壳结构;其对药物具有缓释性和pH响应性.     

负载阿霉素的丝蛋白纳米微球

丝蛋白具有良好的生物相容性, 生物可降解性以及无免疫原性. 利用丝蛋白独特的亲疏水多嵌段共聚物结构特征和构象转变机制, 通过乙醇诱导和冷冻相结合的自组装方法制备得到丝蛋白纳米微球后, 再在纳米微球表面包覆阿霉素, 成功获得了负载阿霉素的丝蛋白纳米载药微球. 该载药丝蛋白纳米微球的尺寸为350～400 nm, 具有圆球形态并且分散性能良好; 其载药率为4.6%, 包封率大于90%, 在磷酸缓释溶液中的释放可达7天以上. 此外, 研究发现其缓释行为具有pH响应性, 在pH=5.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中的缓释量明显大于在pH=7.4的缓冲液中. 体外细胞培养结果显示, 纯丝蛋白纳米微球基本没有细胞毒性; 而负载有阿霉素的丝蛋白纳米微球能明显抑制癌细胞(Hela细胞)的增殖, 且24 h和48 h的培养结果表现出与单纯药物相同的药效. 因此, 该负载阿霉素的丝蛋白纳米微球在临床癌症淋巴化疗方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

淫羊藿苷壳聚糖/明胶微球的制备及其体外释放研究

本试验以壳聚糖、明胶为载药基质,以中药淫羊藿苷为模拟药物,通过乳化交联的方法制备淫羊藿苷/壳聚糖/明胶微球。考察微球的理化特性,建立持续流动释放系统,检测了微球的体外释放特性和影响因素。微球的理化特性受工艺条件如搅拌速度、乳化剂用量、交联剂用量等因素影响。微球的体外释放速率与微球的粒径、交联度负相关,与载药量正相关。试验结果表明,壳聚糖、明胶可作为缓释微球的载体基质,微球制备工艺简单稳定,微球的释放速率可控,淫羊藿苷/壳聚糖/明胶微球是一种良好的药物释放体系。     

Preparation and characterization novel polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles as carriers for doxorubicin

The poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-coated magnetic nanoparticles (PLGA MNPs) were prepared as carriers of doxorubicin (PLGA-DOX MNPs) through water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsification method. The characteristics of PLGA-DOX MNPs were measured by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating-sampling magnetometry (VSM). It was found that the synthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape with an average size of 100 ± 20 nm, low aggregation and good magnetic responsivity. Meanwhile, the drug content and encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles can be achieved by varying the feed weight ratios of PLGA and DOX particles. These PLGA-DOX MNPs also demonstrated sustained release of DOX at 37 °C in buffer solution. Besides, influence of drug-loaded nanoparticles on in vitro cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay, while cellular apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit. The results showed that PLGA-DOX MNPs retained significant antitumor activities. Therefore, PLGA-DOX MNPs might be considered a promising drug delivery system for cancer chemotherapy.     

Facile synthesis of size-tunable stable nanoparticles via click reaction for cancer drug delivery

The stability and size of polymeric nanoparticles are two of the most important parameters determining their pharmacokinetics and tumor/drug accumulation efficiency in cancer-drug delivery. Herein, we report a facile one-pot synthesis of crosslinked nanoparticles (CNPs) with tunable sizes and polyethylene glycol (PEG) shells via click reactions. Simply by adjusting the contents of the macromonomer (PEG monoacrylate) in its reaction with ethylene diacrylate and a crosslinker containing hexa-thiols groups, the sizes of the resulting PEGylated crosslinked nanoparticles could be easily tuned from 10 to 90 nm. These nanoparticle cores could encapsulate hydrophobic drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX), and the unreacted thiol and acrylate groups could be used for drug conjugation or labeling. Thus, the nanoparticles provide a multifunctional platform for drug delivery. In vivo studies showed that the larger nanoparticles (about 83.7 nm) had a much longer blood-circulation time and better tumor-targeting efficiency. One of our most important findings was that the drug encapsulated in the crosslinked nanoparticles, even though little was released at pH 7.4 under in vitro conditions, had much faster blood clearance than the nanoparticles’ carrier, suggesting that drug release in the bloodstream was significant.     

Facile preparation of pH-responsive PEGylated prodrugs for activated intracellular drug delivery

The acid-cleavable amphiphilic prodrug DOX-PEG-DOX self-assemble to form nanoparticles and enter the cell by endocytosis for the pH-triggered intracellular delivery of DOX.     

刺激响应共负载药物/基因微载体的制备

合成了聚乙烯亚胺接枝二茂铁(PEI-Fc)两亲聚合物, 采用水包油法制备包埋疏水性抗癌药阿霉素(DOX)的载药胶束, 并利用胶束表面正电荷的PEI链段有效缔合DNA, 获得尺寸合适、 表面带正电荷的阿霉素与基因共负载微载体. 在磷酸盐(PBS)缓冲溶液中, 共负载微载体能够缓慢释放出DOX. 在硝酸铈铵存在下, 二茂铁从疏水性转变为亲水性, 使载药胶束完全解离, 由于PEI-Fc与DNA之间的静电作用, 使基因超分子组装体稳定存在, 显示出很好的氧化响应特性. 细胞培养结果表明, 表面带正电荷的共负载微载体易被HepG2细胞内吞, 并可转染, 且随着DOX的释放逐渐杀死HepG2肝癌细胞, 为安全稳定、 具有刺激响应的药物与基因共负载微载体的制备提供了可行的途径.     

Hyperbranched copolymer micelles as delivery vehicles of doxorubicin in breast cancer cells

Four types of drug nanoparticles (NPs) based on amphiphilic hyperbranched block copolymers were developed for the delivery of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) to breast cancer cells. These carriers have their hydrophobic interior layer composed of the hyperbranched aliphatic polyester, Boltorn^® H30 or Boltorn^® H40, that are polymers of poly 2,2‐bis (methylol) propionic acid (bis‐MPA), while the outer hydrophilic shell was composed of about 5 poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments of 5 or 10 kDa molecular weight. A chemotherapeutic drug DOX, was further encapsulated in the interior of these polymer micelles and was shown to exhibit a controlled release profile. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the NPs were uniformly sized with a mean hydrodynamic diameter around 110 nm. DOX‐loaded H30‐PEG10k NPs exhibited controlled release over longer periods of time and greater cytotoxicity compared with the other materials developed against our tested breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, flow cytometry and confocal scanning laser microscopy studies indicated that the cancer cells could internalize the DOX‐loaded H30‐PEG10k NPs, which contributed to the sustained drug release, and induced more apoptosis than free DOX did. These findings indicate that the H30‐PEG10k NPs may offer a very promising approach for delivering drugs to cancer cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

Light and pH dual‐sensitive biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles for controlled release of cargos

In this article, a light and pH dual‐sensitive block copolymer PEG‐b‐poly(MPC‐Azo/DEA) was facilely prepared for the first time by azide‐alkyne click chemistry between amphiphilic block copolymer bearing pendant alkynyl group poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(5‐methyl‐5‐propargylxycarbonyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐2‐one) (PEG‐b‐poly(MPC)) and two azide‐containing compounds azobenzene derivative (Azo‐N₃) and 2‐azido‐1‐ethyl‐diethylamine (DEA‐N₃). Light response of the polymeric nanoparticles benefits from the azobenzene segments and pH responsiveness is attributed to DEA moieties. The prepared copolymer could self‐assemble into spherical micelle particles. The morphological changes of these particles in response to dual stimuli were investigated by UV/vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nile Red (NR) was utilized as probe, and fluorescence spectroscopy was served as an evidence for the enhanced release of cargos from polymeric nanoparticles under combined stimulation. Anticancer drug, DOX was loaded into the nanoparticles and the loaded‐DOX could be released from these nanoparticles under dual stimuli. MTT assays further demonstrated that PEG‐b‐poly(MPC) and PEG‐b‐poly(MPC‐Azo/DEA) were of biocompatibility and low toxicity against HepG2 cells as well as SMCC‐7721 cells. More importantly, the prepared DOX‐loaded nanoparticles exhibited good anticancer ability for the two cells. The synthesized light and pH dual‐sensitive biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles were expected to be platforms for precisely controlled release of encapsulated molecules. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 1773–1783     

Synthesis and characterization of novel amphiphilic copolymer stearic acid-coupled F127 nanoparticles for nano-technology based drug delivery system

Pluronic, F127, amphiphilic block copolymers, are used for several applications, including drug delivery systems. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of F127 is about 0.26-0.8 wt% so that the utility of F127 in nano-technology based drug delivery system is limited since the nano-sized micelles could dissociate upon dilution. Herein, stearic acid (SA) was simply coupled to F127 between the carboxyl group of SA and the hydroxyl group of F127, which formed a novel copolymer named as SA-coupled F127, with significantly lower CMC. Above the CMC 6.9 × 10(-5)wt%, SA-coupled F127 self-assembled stable nanoparticles with Zeta potential -36 mV. Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded nanoparticles were made, with drug loading (DL) 5.7 wt% and Zeta potential -36 to -39 mV, and the nanoparticles exhibited distinct shape with the size distribution from 20 to 50 nm. DOX-loaded nanoparticles were relatively stable and exhibited DOX dependant cytotoxicity toward MCF-7 cells in vitro. These results suggest that SA-coupled F127 potentially could be applied as a nano-technology based drug delivery method.     

Drug Self‐Delivery Systems Based on Hyperbranched Polyprodrugs towards Tumor Therapy

Amphiphilic hyperbranched polyprodrugs (DOX‐S‐S‐PEG) with drug repeat units in hydrophobic core linked by disulfide bonds were developed as drug self‐delivery systems for cancer therapy. The hydroxyl groups and the amine group in doxorubicin (DOX) were linked by 3,3′‐dithiodipropanoic acid as hydrophobic hyperbranched cores, then amino‐terminated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (mPEG‐NH₂) as hydrophilic shell was linked to hydrophobic cores to form amphiphilic and glutathione (GSH)‐responsive micelle of hyperbranched polyprodrugs. The amphiphilic micelles can be disrupted under GSH (1 mg mL^?1) circumstance. Cell viability of A549 cells and 293T cells was evaluated by CCK‐8 and Muse Annexin V & Dead Cell Kit. The disrupted polyprodrugs maintained drug activity for killing tumor cells. Meanwhile, the undisrupted polyprodrugs possessed low cytotoxicity to normal cells. The cell uptake experiments showed that the micelles of DOX‐S‐S‐PEG were taken up by A549 cells and distributed to cell nuclei. Thus, the drug self‐delivery systems with drug repeat units in hydrophobic cores linked by disulfide bonds showed significant special advantages: 1) facile one‐pot synthesis; 2) completely without toxic or non‐degradable polymers; 3) DOX itself functions as fluorescent labeled molecule and self‐delivery carrier; 4) drug with inactive form in hyperbranched cores and low cytotoxicity to normal cells. These advantages make them excellent drug self‐delivery systems for potential high efficient cancer therapy.     

pH敏感型mPEG-Hz-PLA聚合物纳米载药胶束的制备

以合成的含有腙键的聚乙二醇大分子(mPEG-Hz-OH)为引发剂,以丙交酯为单体引发开环聚合反应,并通过调整投料比,制备出3种不同分子量的含腙键的生物可降解嵌段聚合物(mPEG-Hz-PLA).将腙键引入到聚合物的骨架中,以此构建聚合物胶束并作为pH敏感型纳米药物载体.制备的pH敏感型胶束的CMC值等于或低于5.46×10-4 mg/m L,DLS和TEM显示粒径均小于100 nm,且粒径分布均匀.非pH敏感型胶束在不同pH下的粒径变化不明显,而pH敏感型胶束在酸性环境下(pH=4.0和pH=5.0)胶束粒径出现了明显变化.以阿霉素为模型药物制备了pH敏感型载药胶束,其粒径比空白胶束大(100~200 nm),且粒径分布均匀.药物释放实验表明pH敏感型载药胶束随着释放介质pH降低累积释药量增高.MTT实验表明空白胶束对HeLa细胞和RAW264.7细胞几乎没有抑制作用,而载阿霉素的胶束对2种细胞的抑制作用都随着剂量的增大和时间的延长而增强.     

Metal–organic frameworks as efficient materials for drug delivery: Synthesis,characterization, antioxidant,anticancer, antibacterial and molecular docking investigation

Metal–organic framework (MOF) nano particles are a class of promising porous nano materials for biomedical applications. Owing to its high loading potential and pH-sensitive degradation, most promising of the MOFs is the zeolitic imidazolate crystal framework (ZIF-8), a progressive useful material for small molecule distribution. Doxorubicin (DOX), designated as a classical drug, was jobwise entrapped in ZIF-8 nano particles. ZIF-8 nano particles, as a novel carrier, were used to monitor the release of the anticancer drug DOX and prevent it from dissipating before reaching its goal. ZIF-8 nano particles with encapsulated DOX (DOX@ZIF-8) can be synthesized in a single pot by incorporation of DOX into the reaction mixture. MOFs and the designed drug delivery (DOX@ZIF-8) system were characterized by Fourier transfer infrared, scanning electron microscopy, N₂ sorption isotherm and X-ray diffraction. The impact of MOFs and the engineered drug delivery system on the viability of human breast and liver cancer cell lines was evaluated. The loaded drug was released at pH 5 faster than at pH 7.4. The nano particles of ZIF-8 showed low cytotoxicity, while DOX@ZIF-8 showed high cytotoxicity to HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells compared with free DOX at the equivalent concentration of DOX of >12.5 μg/ml. These findings indicate that DOX@ZIF-8 nano particles are a promising method for the delivery of cancer cells to drugs. Furthermore, ZIF-8, DOX and encapsulated DOX@ZIF-8 compounds were screened for their potential antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria compared with standard antibiotics by the agar well diffusion technique. The results demonstrate that the DOX@ZIF-8 exhibits a strong inhibition zone against Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli) in comparison with the reference drug gentamycin. The docking active site interactions were evaluated to predict the binding between DOX with the receptor of breast cancer 3hb5-oxidoreductase and liver cancer 2h80-lipid binding protein for anticancer activity.