锰催化芳香碳-氧键的还原断裂

这里发现锰化合物能够催化芳香碳-氧键的还原断裂.就我们所知,目前还没有锰催化芳香碳-氧键断裂方面的报道.以二苯并呋喃为底物,对各种反应条件进行优化,得到的较佳反应条件为5％ Mn(OAc)2,3当量Li-A1H4,140 ℃温度,四氢呋喃溶剂.在这个反应条件下,多种芳香碳-氧键能够发生还原断裂.甲醇钠的添加能够有效地促进二苯醚等底物的反应.对反应机理进行了初步研究,结果表明反应可能经历自由基过程.     

可见光氧化还原协同镍催化构建C—S键偶联反应

在可见光和过渡金属镍协同催化体系中,可见光催化可以通过单电子氧化或还原过程推动过渡金属镍催化,又可以通过能量转移过程推动镍催化循环。这为传统过渡金属催化的偶联反应提供了更多可能性。同时,大多数光催化剂使用基于Ru和Ir金属的配合物,不仅价格昂贵,还会在工业生产中存在金属残留。本文开发了一种高效且经济的协同催化体剂(Nap)2PXZ-bpy-Ni,以吩噁嗪为有机光催化剂,NiBr2·DME为镍催化剂,联吡啶作为配体,通过Click的方式将光催化剂和联吡啶镍催化剂连接起来。实验结果表明：在1%（物质的量分数,下同）催化剂负载下反应12H,C—S键偶联产物收率可达73%～95%,实现了高效的催化效率并显示出较好的官能团适用性和底物普适性。最后通过自由基捕捉实验推测了该反应可能的机理。     

锰催化的碳碳键生成反应研究进展

迄今为止,贵金属(铑、钯、钌等)在过渡金属催化的碳碳键生成反应中发挥着主导作用,然而使用廉价金属催化剂更符合可持续发展的要求。锰是地壳中含量排第三位的过渡金属,价格便宜,环境危害性小,有潜力成为贵金属催化剂的替代品并发挥其自身独特的反应性。尽管锰参与的当量反应有大量文献报道,目前锰催化的反应尤其是碳碳键生成反应的发展还不成熟,如何实现高效的催化循环是锰催化领域面临的主要难题之一。本文对锰催化的付-克烷基化反应、格氏试剂的酰化反应、偶联反应、碳金属化反应、自由基反应和碳氢键活化反应进行了综述。     

可见光促进钯催化C—H键胺化反应合成咔唑醌衍生物的研究（英文）

以2-氨基-3-芳基萘-1,4-二酮为底物,发展了一类可见光/钯催化的分子内C—H键氧化胺化反应.以氧气作为氧化剂及醋酸钯作为催化剂,在蓝色LED光照射下,2-氨基-3-芳基萘-1,4-二酮底物在室温下被转化为咔唑醌衍生物,反应具有良好的产率、官能团耐受性和优异的区域选择性.     

Lewis酸促进的钯催化碳-碳叁键氧化断裂反应

碳-碳叁键的氧化断裂反应是有机合成中的重要反应之一．一般情况下,进行炔键断裂反应使用的化学试剂有：高锰酸钾、碱性双氧水、臭氧、四氧化锇和四氧化钌,而以环境友好的氧气（O2）作为氧化剂的炔键氧化断裂反应却未见报道．华南理工大学江焕峰等使用O2作为氧化剂,在Lewis酸的促进下,实现了钯催化碳-碳叁键的氧化断裂反应．炔化合物在不同的醇溶液中可以氧化断裂成不同的羧酸酯,分离收率最高可达90％．该催化反应体系为钯催化碳-碳叁键的断裂提供了重要的参考．     

可见光促进的光氧化还原催化的三氟甲基化反应

全氟烷基化反应,特别是三氟甲基化反应一直是有机化学领域的研究热点。近几年来,可见光促进的光氧化还原催化的有机化学反应,因其本身所固有的条件温和、绿色和环保等优点而倍受合成化学家的青睐。该方法学也被成功地应用于一系列三氟甲基化反应。本文主要按照三氟甲基源分类,总结了近年来可见光促进的光氧化还原催化的三氟甲基化反应的研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

氧化还原树脂的合成及其氧化还原性能

本文主要叙述了以国产717强碱性阴离子交换树脂为基体,采用甲醛与对苯二酚、邻苯二酚、连苯三酚和2,7-萘二酚等聚合生成氧化还原树脂,它们的氧化还原容量分别为5.3,5.4和5.2meq/g-干树脂.文中还介绍了本类树脂的氧化还原电位测定方法,并据此研究和测定了对苯二酚、邻苯二酚和连苯三酚型树脂的氧化还原电位,这些电位的测定结果与其氧化还原实验事实相符.也研究了多种氧化剂和还原剂与自制树脂的交换性能,讨论了这些树脂容量与交换性能的关系.应用所合成的新树脂进行了从硝酸银废液中回收银和对硫化氢试行氧化脱硫处理试验,效果良好.     

镍催化C-C键活化反应研究进展

过渡金属催化C-C键活化是有机化学一个热点和难点领域,吸引着人们广泛的关注.C-C键活化可以为很多复杂分子的合成提供简单、快速和原子经济性的方法.相比于钯、铑和铱等过渡金属催化剂,镍催化剂有很多优点,更加经济适用,也表现出独特的催化活性,备受化学家们的青睐.主要介绍了近些年镍催化C-C键断裂反应的研究进展.     

碳氮键参与的电化学阴极还原反应研究进展

含有碳氮键的化合物如胺、亚胺、腈与氮杂芳环等广泛存在于自然界中,并在药物、农药和材料等领域中发挥关键作用,研究碳氮键参与的反应具有重要意义.在有机合成反应中,利用碳氮键的还原反应可以脱除保护基、实现官能团转化和构建生物活性分子等.然而碳氮键特别是碳氮单键通常具有一定的化学稳定性,导致碳氮键还原反应往往需要在苛刻的条件下进行.近年来,随着有机电化学合成研究的兴起,采用温和的电化学反应途径选择性地还原碳氮键受到了研究者的更多关注.根据底物结构的不同,碳氮键参与的电化学阴极还原反应可以分为饱和碳氮键和不饱和碳氮键参与的阴极还原反应两大类.含饱和碳氮键的化合物如铵盐、酰胺、氮丙啶和硝基化合物等,其阴极还原反应涉及碳氮键的断裂和官能团的取代.含不饱和碳氮键的化合物如亚胺、肟和氮杂环等,通常会被还原为碳氮单键中间体随后发生加成.简要综述了上述两大类底物的阴极还原反应,并总结了可能的反应机理.     

Room Temperature CP Bond Formation Enabled by Merging Nickel Catalysis and Visible‐Light‐Induced Photoredox Catalysis

A novel and efficient C?P bond formation reaction of diarylphosphine oxides with aryl iodides was achieved by combining nickel catalysis and visible‐light‐induced photoredox catalysis. This dual‐catalytic reaction showed a broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and afforded the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. Compared with the previously reported use of photoredox/nickel dual catalysis in the construction of C?C bonds, the methodology described herein was observed to be the first to allow for C‐heteroatom bond formation.     

Combining Rhodium and Photoredox Catalysis for CH Functionalizations of Arenes: Oxidative Heck Reactions with Visible Light

Direct, oxidative metal‐catalyzed C? H functionalizations of arenes are important in synthetic organic chemistry. Often, (over‐)stoichoimetric amounts of organic or inorganic oxidants have to be used in these reactions. The combination of rhodium and photoredox catalysis with visible light allows the direct C? H olefination of arenes. Small amounts (1 mol %) of a photoredox catalyst resulted in the efficient C? H functionalization of a broad range of substrates under mild conditions.     

Regiospecific Intermolecular Aminohydroxylation of Olefins by Photoredox Catalysis

A simple and regiospecific aminohydroxylation of olefins by photoredox catalysis has been developed. N‐protected 1‐aminopyridinium salts are the key compounds and serve as amidyl radical precursors by the action of Ir photocatalysts, fac‐[Ir(ppy)₃] and [Ir(ppy)₂(dtbbpy)](PF₆) (ppy=2‐pyridylphenyl, dtbbpy=4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine). The present photocatalytic system allows for synthesis of vicinal aminoalcohol derivatives from olefins with various functional groups under mild reaction conditions with easy handling.     

可见光促进铜催化的唑类化合物不对称烷基化

直接在杂芳烃酸性C—H键引入烷基,是一种原子经济性高、步骤简单的合成方法,其产物烷基化的杂芳烃在生物学、药学和材料学等领域具有重要应用.近年来,通过不饱和卤代烃在杂芳烃酸性C—H键上直接芳基化、烯基化和炔基化的研究已经取得了很好进展,但杂芳烃的直接烷基化反应,由于相应卤代烷烃在反应中容易发生诸如-H消除、还原脱卤和自身...     

Oxydifluoromethylation of Alkenes by Photoredox Catalysis: Simple Synthesis of CF2H‐Containing Alcohols

We have developed a novel and simple protocol for the direct incorporation of a difluoromethyl (CF₂H) group into alkenes by visible‐light‐driven photoredox catalysis. The use of fac‐[Ir(ppy)₃] (ppy=2‐pyridylphenyl) photocatalyst and shelf‐stable Hu's reagent, N‐tosyl‐S‐difluoromethyl‐S‐phenylsulfoximine, as a CF₂H source is the key to success. The well‐designed photoredox system achieves synthesis of not only β‐CF₂H‐substituted alcohols but also ethers and an ester from alkenes through solvolytic processes. The present method allows a single‐step and regioselective formation of C(sp³)–CF₂H and C(sp³)?O bonds from C=C moiety in alkenes, such as hydroxydifluoromethylation, regardless of terminal or internal alkenes. Moreover, this methodology tolerates a variety of functional groups.     

A Rhodium Catalyst Superior to Iridium Congeners for Enantioselective Radical Amination Activated by Visible Light

A bis‐cyclometalated rhodium(III) complex catalyzes a visible‐light‐activated enantioselective α‐amination of 2‐acyl imidazoles with up to 99 % yield and 98 % ee. The rhodium catalyst is ascribed a dual function as a chiral Lewis acid and, simultaneously, as a light‐activated smart initiator of a radical‐chain process through intermediate aminyl radicals. Notably, related iridium‐based photoredox catalysts reported before were unsuccessful in this enantioselective radical C?N bond formation. The surprising preference for rhodium over iridium is attributed to much faster ligand‐exchange kinetics of the rhodium complexes involved in the catalytic cycle, which is crucial to keep pace with the highly reactive and thus short‐lived nitrogen‐centered radical intermediate.     

Direct Arylation of N‐Heteroarenes with Aryldiazonium Salts by Photoredox Catalysis in Water

A highly effective visible light‐promoted “radical‐type” coupling of N‐heteroarenes with aryldiazonium salts in water has been developed. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with [Ru(bpy)₃]Cl₂ ? 6 H₂O as a photosensitizer and a commercial household light bulb as a light source. Pyridine and a variety of substituted pyridines are effective substrates under these reaction conditions, and only monosubstituted products are formed with different regioselectivities. Using aqueous formic acid as solvent, an array of xanthenes, thiazole, pyrazine, and pyridazine are compatible with this new arylation approach. The broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and use of water as reaction solvent make this procedure a practical and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of compounds containing aryl‐heteroaryl motifs.     

钌催化C-H键活化构建C-C键反应的研究进展

根据定位基团类型并结合其反应机理,介绍了近几年来钌催化的C-H键活化构建C-C键的研究进展.参考文献40篇.     

Merger of Visible Light Induced Oxidation and Enantioselective Alkylation with a Chiral Iridium Catalyst

A single chiral octahedral iridium(III) complex is used for visible light activated asymmetric photoredox catalysis. In the presence of a conventional household lamp and under an atmosphere of air, the oxidative coupling of 2‐acyl‐1‐phenylimidazoles with N,N‐diaryl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)methylamines provides aminoalkylated products in 61–93 % yields with high enantiomeric excess (90–98 % ee). Notably, the iridium center simultaneously serves three distinct functions: as the exclusive source of chirality, as the catalytically active Lewis acid, and as a central part of the photoredox sensitizer. This conceptionally simple reaction Scheme may provide new avenues for the green synthesis of non‐racemic chiral molecules.     

Highly Efficient Visible Light Plasmonic Photocatalyst Ag@Ag(Br,I)

The new plasmonic photocatalyst Ag@Ag(Br,I) was synthesized by the ion‐exchange process between the silver bromide and potassium iodide, then by reducing some Ag⁺ ions in the surface region of Ag(Br,I) particles to Ag⁰ species. Ag nanoparticles are formed from Ag(Br,I) by the light‐induced chemical reduction reaction. The Ag@Ag(Br,I) particles have irregular shapes with their sizes varying from 83 nm to 1 μm. The as‐grown plasmonic photocatalyst shows strong absorption in the visible light region because of the plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles. The ability of this compound to reduce Cr^VI under visible light was compared with those of other reference photocatalyst. The plasmonic photocatalyst is shown to be highly efficient under visible light. The stability of the photocatalyst was examined by X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The XRD pattern and XPS spectra prove the stability of the plasmonic photocatalyst Ag@Ag(Br,I).