铈和镨改性Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂对甲醇水蒸气重整制氢的影响

考察了Ni/Al_2O_3,Ce和Pr改性Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂在甲醇水蒸气重整制氢过程中的性能。研究结果表明:稀土的添加可增加H2的选择性并降低CO的选择性。Pr改性Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂表现出最好的催化性能,Ni的最佳负载量为10%(质量分数)。在相同的反应条件下(反应温度为350℃和水醇摩尔比=3∶1),Ni/Al_2O_3与Pr改性的Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂的甲醇转化率相当,但Pr改性的Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂H_2的选择性从64.5%提高到了75.6%,相应的CO选择性则从31.4%降低到了4.5%。H2选择性随着水醇摩尔比的增加而升高,当水醇摩尔比为6∶1时,几乎没有CO产生。XRD和TPR表征结果表明:Pr的添加不仅促进了Ni在载体上的分散而且促进了Ni的还原,从而有利于催化性能的改善。     

长链双马来酰亚胺改性氰酸酯树脂及其复合材料

制备了长链双马来酰亚胺改性的氰酸酯树脂及其复合材料, 并对其进行了表征. 结果表明, 当长链双马树脂(MTHMI)占改性树脂的质量分数为37.5%时, 改性树脂(MTI/T₃)的5%热失重温度为414℃, 复合材料在室温和200℃时的拉伸强度分别为431.2和331.0 MPa, 弯曲强度分别为631.5和278.4 MPa, 复合材料的X-Y轴热膨胀系数为18.1×10^-6℃^-1, 吸湿率为1.4%. 实验结果表明, 该类树脂与普通双马改性氰酸酯树脂及分别由质量分数为20%和30% MTHMI改性的氰酸酯树脂MTI/T₁和MTI/T₂相比, 具有良好的加工性, 优异的耐热性和力学性能, 较低的吸湿性和热膨胀系数.     

MMA接枝改性PVC/CaCO3纳米复合材料的力学性能

采用熔融共混法制备PMMA接枝改性纳米CaCO3增韧PVC（PVC/CaCO3）复合材料,并研究了复合材料的力学性能.结果表明,通过表面PMMA的接枝改性,可以显著提高纳米CaCO3增韧聚氯乙烯复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量,在纳米CaCO3颗粒表面PMMA包覆层厚度为2nm时,复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量达到极大值.对比于未处理纳米CaCO3和钛酸酯偶联剂处理纳米CaCO3,PMMA接枝改性纳米CaCO3增韧PVC复合材料的拉伸强度得到较大幅度提高.SEM显示,经过PMMA接枝改性后的碳酸钙在PVC基体中分散均匀,与基体界面结合良好.     

累托石/聚丙烯插层纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用熔融共混法制备了有机改性累托石 (OREC)粘土 均聚聚丙烯 (PP)纳米复合材料 ,以X 射线衍射分析 (XRD)及透射电子显微镜分析 (TEM)观察了复合材料的相貌结构 ,研究了复合材料的力学性能及热性能 .结果表明 ,OREC在添加份数较少时可与均聚聚丙烯熔融插层形成插层型聚丙烯纳米复合材料 ,该复合材料与纯PP相比 ,具有较高的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及冲击强度 .在有机粘土添加 2 %时 ,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击强度最高 ,与纯PP相比 ,2 %添加量的聚丙烯纳米复合材料拉伸强度提高 6 5 7% ,断裂伸长率提高 2 89 3% ,冲击强度提高 14 1% ,10 %失重率时对应的热分解温度提高 50K .     

改性纳米CaCO3/PE-g-MAH/HDPE复合塑料拉伸性能研究

采用硬脂酸(SA)对纳米进行表面活化,考察了改性纳米CaCO3、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(PE-g-MAH)分别或共同添加到高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)中形成的复合塑料的拉伸性能.结果表明:用质量分数为7%硬脂酸改性的纳米CaCO3,能较好地促使无机粒子的分散和与HDPE的结合,提高复合塑料的拉伸性能.PE-g-MAH的进一步嫁接作用,可延长硬脂酸分子链,加强硬脂酸和基体树脂之间的缠结作用,从而显著提高了复合塑料的拉伸强度.     

苯并噁嗪改性液体成型环氧树脂的研究

采用具有低固化收缩特性的苯并噁嗪树脂(benzoxazine,BOZ)对液体成型环氧树脂进行改性,以期在不改变液体成型树脂耐热性、工艺性及力学性能的前提下,大幅度降低树脂的固化收缩率.对比研究了不同BOZ含量改性树脂的固化收缩特性、固化反应特性、液体成型工艺性及力学性能.并采用真空辅助树脂浸渗(vacuum assisted resin infusion,VARI)工艺制备了单向碳纤维织物增强复合材料,研究了复合材料的力学性能.结果表明,加入BOZ对液体成型树脂的反应性、工艺性及耐热性影响不大,改性树脂的固化收缩随BOZ含量的提高逐渐减小,其中BOZ质量分数为15 wt%的改性树脂,较未改性树脂的固化收缩减小约80%,拉伸强度提高约19%,冲击强度提高约148%.以此改性树脂作为基体的复合材料相对于未改性树脂复合材料的拉伸强度提高约23%,层间剪切强度提高约9%,具有良好的力学性能和界面结合性能.     

Pd/Co_3O_4纳米颗粒负载于Al_2O_3纳米片高效催化甲烷燃烧（英文）

我们报道了一种Pd/Co_3O_4纳米颗粒负载于Al_2O_3纳米片的三元催化剂催化甲烷的高效燃烧。其中,Pd/Co_3O_4负载于碱性氧化铝的复合材料活化甲烷C―H键的能力比Si O_2、Zr O_2和Ce O_2以及酸性和中性Al_2O_3为载体时更强,这是因为Pd/Co_3O_4/碱性Al_2O_3拥有更多的氧空穴和吸附氧,对催化剂催化甲烷燃烧有较好的影响。尽管在5%(体积分数)的水蒸气存在下,其催化性能有一定的失活,但在移除水蒸气时,其催化性能可以快速恢复至最佳状态。在模拟真实汽车尾气的氛围下,Pd/Co_3O_4/碱性Al_2O_3依然具有较好的催化甲烷燃烧性能,在400℃时可以催化甲烷完全转化。     

拉伸力场主导作用下硫酸钙晶须(CSW)/PBS复合材料的制备与性能研究

利用基于拉伸力场主导作用下的叶片塑化挤出机分别制备硫酸钙晶须(CSW)含量为0、5%(wt)、10%(wt)、15%(wt)、20%(wt)的硫酸钙晶须(CSW)/PBS复合材料,并讨论了CSW的含量对复合材料力学性能、热稳定性、结晶性能的影响。测试结果表明:当CSW的添加量为PBS的15%(wt)时,复合材料的综合力学性能最优,拉伸模量,弯曲模量和弯曲强度分别提高;随着CSW含量的增加,球晶尺寸减小,成核密度增加,结晶温度也有显著提高;引入CSW对PBS的熔融行为没有影响;热失重分析表明CSW有助于提高复合材料的热稳定性。     

聚乙烯导热复合材料的电子束辐照改性

将低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、氧化铝(Al₂O₃)和纳米二氧化硅(SiO₂)进行熔融共混,再通过电子束辐照对得到的材料进行改性,得到了同时具有高导热性能和力学性能的复合材料(PE-Al-Si)。 当纳米SiO₂的质量分数为1%,电子束辐照剂量为120 kGy时,与不含SiO₂的复合材料(PE-Al)相比,PE-Al-Si的导热系数达到了0.759 W/(m·K),提高了22%。 另外,PE-Al-Si的拉伸强度比PE-Al提高了17%。 证明SiO₂不仅可以改善复合材料的力学性能,同时还提高了辐照效率及复合材料的导热性能。     

二维水滑石纳米片对氧化铝/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜耐电晕性能的影响

将二维层状材料水滑石剥离为二维纳米片分散液,向其中加入纳米氧化铝,并进行聚酰亚胺(PI)的原位聚合,构筑PI/水滑石纳米片/氧化铝纳米粒子三元复合薄膜。 结果表明,在PI薄膜中同时加入质量分数为10%氧化铝和2%水滑石纳米片,比仅加入质量分数为10%氧化铝时的耐电晕时间(180 min)提高了12倍,拉伸强度提高了37.8%。 聚合物中同时加入纳米片、纳米粒子两种不同形貌填料,能够同时提升复合材料的耐电晕性能和机械性能。     

酚醛树脂胶粘剂的复合改性

采用有机硅和蔗糖对酚醛树脂胶粘剂进行复合改性,以提高树脂胶膜的柔韧性,并使产品具有较高的粘接强度。通过考察改性剂有机硅种类、改性剂加入时间、加入量对产品性能的影响,结果发现:在反应开始时加入总质量1.5%的有机硅(8427)和总质量0.9%的蔗糖,反应所得产品分子量及粘度适中,粘接强度高达6MPa,游离甲醛含量低至0.067%。采用FT-IR和TG对产品结构及性能进行分析,由此可知,改性后的酚醛树脂胶粘剂有大量—Si—O—生成,其柔韧性和耐热性有很大的提高。     

Preparation and Performance of HGM/PPENK-based High Temperature-resistant Thermal Insulating Coatings

Novel high temperature-resistant coatings with high mechanical strength and thermal-insulating performance were prepared with poly(ether nitrile ketone)(PPENK) resin as matrix and hollow glass microspheres(HGMs) as thermal-insulating filler. The corresponding mechanical and thermal-insulating study indicated that the mechanical properties of the coatings decreased with the increase of HGM content,and were improved after surface modification of HGM by KH570 resulting in enhancement of interaction between HGM and PPENK resin. The thermal conductivity of HGM/PPENK thermal-insulating coating decreased with the increase of HGM content and coating thickness, along with the decrease of the true density. It also showed slight increase trend due to HGMs surface modification. The HGM/PPENK coating filled with modified HGMs showed better thermal resistance than that of unmodified HGM/PPENK coating. The thermal decomposition temperature at 5%weight loss of the coating containing modified HGMs was 10 °C lower than that of pure PPENK, and 40 °C higher than that of neat HGM/PPENK coating. The coating exhibited commendable appearance after 400 °C for 30 min. The merits of HGM/PPENK-based thermal coatings obviously demonstrated promising prospect in thermal protection fields.     

2MgO•2B2O3•MgCl2•14H2O-MgCl2-H2O体系30 ℃相平衡

用相平衡方法研究2MgO•2B2O3•MgCl2•14H2O 在30 ℃不同质量分数MgCl2 水溶液中的溶解转化产物及其溶解度. 结果表明, 该复盐在MgCl2的质量分数0～2％浓度范围, 发生不同步溶解并转化为多水硼镁石(2MgO•3B2O3•15H2O); 在MgCl2的质量分数2％～13.8％浓度范围, 转化为柱硼镁石(MgO•B2O3•3H2O), 这一结果比文献报导的该硼酸盐的形成温度低了13 ℃,为盐湖硼酸镁矿物柱硼镁石形成的解释提供了物理化学依据; 而在MgCl2质量分数大于13.8％时同步溶解,不发生转化. 提出了溶解相转化反应机理.     

Surface Modification of Poly(urea-formaldehyde) Microcapsules and the Effect on the Epoxy Composites Performance

The surfaces of poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) were modified by γ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane (KH560) in order to improve the interfacial bonding between self-healing PUF microcapsules and epoxy matrix. The modification mechanism between PUF microcapsules and KH560 was studied. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) analyses showed that the silane coupling agent molecular binds strongly to the surfaces of PUF microcapsules. Chemical bond (Si–O–C) and hydrogen bond were formed at interface by the reaction between Si–OH and the hydroxyl group of PUF microcapsules surface. The tensile and impact resistance tests revealed that strength and toughness of the composites was improved significantly. Furthermore, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) photographs of the fractured surface confirmed that the silane coupling agent plays an important role in improving the interfacial performance between microcapsules and resin matrix.     

Effects of thiol-ene click reaction on morphology and electro-optical properties of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanostructure-based polymer dispersed liquid crystal film

Polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) have lit a flash of interest due to the distinctive property of electrically controlled switching. However, too high-driving voltage associated with porous polymer networks always limit their wider range of applications. Herein, we reported a PDLC system containing LCs, 2,2′-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol (DET) with thiol groups, cage-like nanostructure acrylic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (KH570-POSS) and KH570-SiO₂ nanoparticle modified by acrylic groups. The cage-like KH570-POSS microstructure was injected to the polymer matrix when KH570-POSS reacted with DET via thiol-ene click reaction. The morphological results demonstrated that the droplet size increased with the higher content of DET due to the decrease of the crosslink between the acrylic groups in KH570-POSS, which results in a less dense of polymer network and thus make the LC droplets easier to be driven in the electric filed. Then, a silica-based nanoparticle KH570-SiO₂ modified by acrylic groups was introduced into the system. The results indicated that KH570-SiO₂ could replace partial KH570-POSS to form the polymer network via thiol-ene click reaction, which increased the compatible ability of SiO₂ nanoparticles in the as-made film. The contrast ratio was increased to 165 when there was nearly 5 wt% content of KH570-SiO₂. Besides, the driving voltage was reduced by almost 60% and the sample could be fully driven by 30 V which is lower than the safe voltage (36 V). This study opens a route for the preparation of commercial PDLC films by thiol-ene click reaction, enabling the creation of low-voltage-driven smart windows.     

聚苯氧基磷酸联苯二酚酯/聚磷酸铵膨胀阻燃剂对环氧树脂阻燃性能影响研究

以聚苯氧基磷酸联苯二酚酯(PBPP)与聚磷酸铵(APP)组成复合阻燃剂,对环氧树脂(EP)进行阻燃改性.通过氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)、热失重(TGA)、锥形量热(CONE)和扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究改性环氧树脂的阻燃性能和阻燃机理.结果表明,PBPP/APP体系对EP具有较好的阻燃性能,阻燃剂添加量为10%时能使环氧树脂的氧指数提高到29.6%,垂直燃烧等级达到UL94 V-0级,残炭量大大增加;平均热释放速率下降45.7%,热释放速率峰值下降51.0%,有效燃烧热平均值下降21.1%;TGA、CONE、SEM等综合分析显示了PBPP/APP改性后的环氧树脂比纯环氧树脂具有更高的热稳定性,燃烧后能够形成连续、致密、封闭、坚硬的焦化炭层,在聚合物表面产生有效覆盖、隔绝了氧气,改善了环氧树脂的燃烧性能.     

磷杂菲类阻燃剂的合成及其与聚磷酸铵复合膨胀体系对环氧树脂的阻燃性能研究

以9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、五硫化二磷(P2S5)为原料合成9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-硫化物(DOPS),并将DOPS与聚磷酸铵(APP)组成复合阻燃剂,用于环氧树脂(EP)的阻燃改性.通过氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)、热失重(TGA)、锥形量热(CONE)和扫描电镜(SEM)等方法对改性后的环氧树脂的阻燃性能和阻燃机理进行了测试和分析.实验结果表明,DOPS/APP阻燃体系对EP具有很好的阻燃性能,且复配阻燃剂的阻燃效果比单一的阻燃剂阻燃效果好;其中,当阻燃剂的总添加量达到30%时即W_(DOPS)=10%、W_(APP)=20%时,阻燃EP复合材料的LOI值可达到29.2%,垂直燃烧等级达到UL-94 V-0级,残炭量可达49.3%.     

磁性Fe_3O_4微粒表面有机改性

在分散聚合法制备复合磁性微球过程中 ,采用硅烷偶联剂 KH- 570对磁性 Fe_3O_4微粒进行表面改性 .红外光谱 (FTIR)、光电子能谱 (XPS)分析结果表明 ,偶联剂与磁性微粒表面以化学键形式结合 .改性后 ,Fe_3O_4微粒与单体及其聚合物之间具有良好的亲和性 ,采用改性后的磁性微粒可以显著改善磁性微球的性能指标 .     

Self-healing Supramolecular Polymer Composites by Hydrogen Bonding Interactions between Hyperbranched Polymer and Graphene Oxide

A self-healing supramolecular polymer composite (HSP-GO) was designed and prepared via incorporation of modified graphene oxide to hyperbranched polymer by hydrogen-bonding interactions.The polymer matrix based on amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HSP-NH2) was synthesized by carboxylation,Curtius rearrangement,and amination of hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester (HP-OH),while the modified graphene oxide was prepared by transformation of hydroxyl to isocyanate and further to carbamate ester.Spectroscopic methods were utilized to characterize the obtained polymer composites.Stress-strain test was selected to carefully study the self-healing property of HSP-GO.It is found that a small amount of modified graphene oxide (up to 2 wt％) improves the glass transition temperature (Tg),tensile strength,Young's modulus,and self-healing efficiency of the polymer composites.After healed at room temperature for 10 min,the addition of modified graphene oxide improves the self-healing efficiency to 3 7％ of its original tensile strength.The experiment result shows that the self-healing efficiency is related to the density of hydrogen bonding site and the molecular movement.     

Modification of nano-hybrid silicon acrylic resin with anticorrosion and hydrophobic properties

Silicone-acrylic resin (SAR) was prepared from acrylic monomers and silicone prepolymer by the free radical solution polymerization, and then mixed TiO₂ and SiO₂ nanoparticles modified by KH570 were added to prepare nanocomposite coating. Thermogravimetric analysis and contact angle measurements showed that the acrylic resin modified by silicone prepolymer exhibited an improved thermostability and a better hydrophobicity compared with the unmodified sample. The adding of nanoparticles further increased the hydrophobicity. The contact angle of modified silicone-acrylic resin with mixed TiO₂ and SiO₂ nanoparticles of 3 wt% is the highest, 108.4°. The UV resistance and weather resistance of the modified silicone-acrylic resin are significantly improved. It was also found through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that the corrosion resistance was significantly improved by the addition of mixed TiO₂ and SiO₂ nanoparticles. Modified silicone-acrylic resin with mixed TiO₂ and SiO₂ nanoparticles of 3 wt% and 5 wt% coating system maintains an excellent anticorrosion performance (coating resistance R_c of more than 10⁹ Ω cm²) even at 3.5% NaCl electrolyte medium till to 1800 h.