共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 42 毫秒
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由于不可再生石油资源的日益消耗,生物质可再生资源的开发与利用成为全球的研究热点。木质素来源广泛,属于可再生低成本资源,并且含碳量高于60%,备受碳纤维研发工作者的广泛关注,近年来在研究开发方面取得了许多突破。本文从归纳总结木质素纺丝前处理出发,综述了纯木质素碳纤维、共混和接枝木质素碳纤维改性制备的发展历程、工艺性能比较和最新研究进展,并对木质素碳纤维研究前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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采用聚丙烯腈(PAN)溶液作为壳层,甲基硅油作为芯层,利用同轴静电纺丝技术制备出外径为3 μm的同轴PAN复合纤维,经过预氧化和炭化后可以制得直径约为1 μm的中空碳纤维.采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察中空纤维形貌.傅立叶红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)表征了热处理前后纤维成分变化.分析了同轴射流结构、芯液/壳液流速比 Vin/Vout对中空结构的影响.研究表明,同轴内针尖伸出外针尖的距离Zp是影响同轴射流形成的主要因素,伸出长度Zp约为外针孔半径rout 的1/2时得到同轴射流,Zp0.7 rout时从冠状锥体周围产生许多射流,不能在锥顶部形成同轴射流.芯液/壳液流速比Vin/Vout对中空结构的形成有较大影响,当Vin/Vout=0.5时得到多孔纤维,增大芯液流速,当Vin/Vout=1时得到中空纤维,继续增大Vin/Vout=2时得不到同轴射流. 相似文献
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以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和三聚氰胺为原料,通过静电纺丝法制备了三聚氰胺改性聚丙烯腈纳米纤维前驱体,经预氧化、碳化后得到交联的多孔纳米碳纤维.采用红外光谱(FTIR)仪、热重分析(TGA)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、拉曼光谱仪和比表面积分析仪等对前驱体及纤维进行了表征.结果表明,经过三聚氰胺改性的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维前驱体在碳化后有效地交联,形成含有微孔、介孔和大孔多级的合理孔道结构,氮掺杂量高达14.3%,纤维直径大幅缩减,平均直径仅约89 nm.电化学测试结果表明,交联多孔纳米碳纤维电极在0.05 A·g-1电流密度下未经活化时的质量比电容值高达194 F·g-1(0.05 A·g-1),在2 A·g-1的电流密度下经过1000次循环充放电后的比电容仍然保持99.2%,表现出优异的电化学特性. 相似文献
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聚β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)作为一种天然的可生物降解材料,因其良好的生物相容性,广泛应用于生物医用领域。而静电纺丝技术是获得纳米纤维最理想的方法之一,目前已成功制备出多种不同类型的纳米纤维,尤其在制备复合纳米纤维方面取得了显著成果。本文论述了国内外静电纺PHB 基纳米纤维的研究现状和进展,重点介绍了静电纺PHB 基纳米纤维影响因素,分析了其产品性能和潜在的应用前景,最后指出了静电纺 PHB 基纳米纤维需要解决的若干问题,展望了静电纺PHB 基纳米纤维的发展前景。 相似文献
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在静电纺丝纳米纤维中加入纳米填料——石墨烯(G),有助于提高纳米纤维的性能,扩展其应用领域。本文综述了近年来国内外静电纺丝制备石墨烯基复合纳米纤维的研究现状,重点介绍了石墨烯与聚酰胺(PA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、二氧化钛(TiO2)等复合纳米纤维制备的研究进展及其在光催化剂、超级电容器、染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)、传感器、生物医学等方面的应用潜力,展望了石墨烯基复合纳米纤维的发展前景。 相似文献
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纤维素纳米纤维很好的结合了纤维素的重要属性和纳米材料的各项特性,但纤维素大分子之间存在大量氢键,使得纤维素较难溶于普通溶剂,导致通过静电纺丝法直接制备纤维素纳米纤维具有一定的难度。而先采用静电纺丝法制备纤维素衍生物纳米纤维,再对纤维素衍生物纳米纤维进行水解也是制备纤维素纳米纤维的一种有效方法。本文对近年来这两种纤维素纳米纤维制备方法的研究进行了综述,并对静电纺制备纤维素纳米纤维的发展前景做出了展望。 相似文献
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碳纳米管(CNTs)作为增强材料与聚合物复合制成纳米纤维,有助于提高纳米纤维性能,扩展其应用领域。本文综述了近年来国内外静电纺丝制备CNTs基复合纳米纤维的研究现状,重点介绍了CNTs/PAN复合纳米纤维、CNTs/PANI/PEO复合纳米纤维、CNTs/PVA复合纳米纤维、CNTs/PA复合纳米纤维、CNTs/TiO2复合纳米纤维的研究进展及其在纳米传感器、电磁干扰、超级电容器、染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)、组织工程支架、药物控制释放等方面的应用潜力,展望了CNTs基复合纳米纤维的发展前景。 相似文献
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樊亚男;蔡志江;赵孔银 《高分子通报》2013,26(11):70-75
海藻酸钠(SA)是一种天然可降解的生物材料,因其良好的生物相容性、成膜性、吸湿性和离子交联凝胶性能而广泛应用于生物医学领域。将海藻酸钠制成纳米纤维,有助于提高海藻酸钠材料的性能、扩展其应用领域。本文综述了近年来国内外静电纺丝制备海藻酸钠纳米纤维的研究现状,重点介绍了SA/PEO复合纳米纤维、SA/PVA复合纳米纤维、SA/甘油复合纳米纤维、SA/明胶复合纳米纤维、SA/壳聚糖复合纳米纤维的研究进展及其在外伤敷料、组织工程支架、药物释放系统等医学领域的应用,分析了其潜在的应用领域,展望了海藻酸钠复合纳米纤维的发展前景。 相似文献
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酚醛树脂是一种广泛使用的合成树脂,包括热固性和热塑性两类,具有良好的阻燃性、耐热性和耐腐蚀性。酚醛纤维是由酚醛树脂所制成的交联纤维,传统的酚醛纤维制备方法有熔融纺丝法和湿法纺丝法,后来出现了静电纺丝法。本文根据酚醛树脂的种类分别介绍了热固性、热塑性和热塑/热固混合酚醛树脂三类材料静电纺丝的研究进展。在改善酚醛纤维特性方面,综述了四种优化措施,包括加入无机盐、微波辐射辅助固化、非匀速阶梯式加热固化、氧化石墨烯修饰的静电纺丝法等。此外,对本实验室制备酚醛纤维的研究也进行了概述,阐述了酚醛纤维当前存在的问题及未来发展方向。 相似文献
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The oxygen-induced modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers during the final stage of thermal-oxidative stabilization is used to control the degree of chemical reactions and the radial structural homogeneity of fibers. A radial structure model for oxidized PAN fibers (OFs) and carbon fibers (CFs) has been established by Raman spectroscopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction. According to the model, the cross-section of OFs is divided into the internal and external regions; the oxygen-induced modification has a greater effect on the structural evolution of internal regions than that of external regions. When the oxygen volume content for the modification is 22.2%, the OFs possess the highest level value for degree of disorder (DD) in internal regions. This is inherited by the corresponding CFs with the best radial structure homogeneity and optimum mechanical properties; meanwhile, the coefficient of variation for DD is defined to characterize the radial homogeneity of CFs. The mechanism of the oxygen-induced modification demonstrates that the mechanical properties of the resulting CFs depend on the degrees of the intermolecular cyclization and oxidation which are beneficial to the decrease in CF crystallite size. 相似文献
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Young-Seak Lee 《Journal of fluorine chemistry》2007,128(4):392-403
In this review, the more recent topics in the field of fluorinated carbon materials are given with the emphasis on the research work presented by our group. The direct fluorination and/or oxyfluorination of various carbon materials, especially of new carbon materials, i.e. nanotubes, carbon fibers, and activated carbon fibers have been described. It has been shown that fluorination can be one of the most effective methods to modify and control physico-chemical properties of carbon materials. 相似文献
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碳纳米管与碳纤维具有优异的力学、电学等性能,广泛用做复合材料增强体,但目前碳纳米管/碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的研究具有一定的局限性,只考虑了两相材料间的作用,即仅对单一相进行处理而忽略了另一相的改性。本文从碳纳米管/碳纤维协同增强环氧树脂基体复合材料的思路入手,结合自己的研究成果,综述了国内外相关研究进展。从研究结果可以看出,将三相材料之间完全有效地联系起来,发挥三者间的协同效应,复合材料的性能可以发生质的飞跃。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cellulose and/or lignin on the properties of mats prepared from dissolution (for 48 h or 72 h, solvent: trifluoroacetic acid) of recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Briefly, the presence of cellulose led to a tendency of higher average fiber diameter and average pore area as well as lower average porosity compared to the neat mat (PETref, 242 ± 59 nm, 9.6 ± 1.1 104 nm2 and 19.0 ± 1.1%, respectively). The Tg values for electrospun PET combined with cellulose and/or lignin were higher than that of PETref (92.5 ± 0.1 °C), and the tensile strength increased with the cellulose and/or lignin loading. In addition, the presence of lignin (72 h of dissolution) led to a mat with an elongation at break of 149 ± 9% compared to 14 ± 2% for PETref. The results indicated that the properties of mats based on PET can be tuned by adding cellulose and/or lignin to solutions posteriorly electrospun as well as by varying the dissolution time. 相似文献
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Stress concentration and weak interfacial strength affect the mechanical properties of short carbon fibers (CFs) reinforced polymer composites. In this work, the cauliflower-like short carbon fibers (CCFs) were prepared and the point was to illuminate the effects of fiber morphology on the mechanical properties of the CCFs/rigid polyurethane (RPU) composites. The results indicated that the surface structure of CCFs could increase the surface roughness of the fibers and the contact area between fibers and matrix, thereby promoting the formation of irregular interface. Compared with pure RPU and initial CFs/RPU composites, the strength and toughness of CCFs/RPU composites were simultaneously improved. The satisfactory performance was attributed to the special fibers structure, which played an anchoring role and consumed more energy during crack propagation. 相似文献

