醋酸环境对醋酸胶片物理性能的影响研究

醋酸胶片的片基材料醋酸纤维素酯水解产生的"醋酸综合症"是影像部门保存醋酸胶片过程中遇到的最大技术难题之一,目前还没有较好的治理方法,其在降解过程中释放出的醋酸严重影响胶片的耐久性,关于其物理性能变化及相关性的研究较少.本文通过模拟密闭环境中醋酸浓度的累积实验,系统地分析了醋酸在胶片降解过程中对胶片物理性能的影响.实验结果表明,醋酸环境会加速胶片的降解,且随着醋酸浓度的增加,胶片扭曲变形程度增加,胶片的降解程度(酸度)增加;抗张强度减弱,但耐折度增加;含湿量和胶片乳剂层面的亲水性增加,同时胶片的热稳定性变差.     

醋酸综合症对电影胶片影像影响研究

醋酸综合症是醋酸纤维素酯电影胶片特有病害现象，是威胁其安全保存的主要因素。醋酸综合症导致电影胶片的几何尺寸改变、机械强度降低、影像信息严重受损。本文采用基恩士VK-X250K形状分析激光显微镜研究了醋酸综合症电影胶片片基层表面粗糙度；采用X-Rite Model VS450分光光度计研究了其表面对可见光的反射率。实验结果表明胶片发生醋酸综合症之后，其表面粗糙度增大，对可见光的漫反射增强。由此可以说明醋酸综合症发生之后，胶片表面析出的增塑剂形成粗糙界面，对可见光的漫反射增强，在放映过程中透射光减弱，这是胶片记载影像受损的主要因素。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定感光胶片中的痕量钯

1 引言 金作为感光乳剂的增感剂已有多年的历史,但将钯应用于感光胶片则是近十余年的事。国外某些著名感光胶片生产厂家,已成功地将钯增感技术用于某些片种的生产过程。为了提高国产胶片的质量,我们对胶片中痕量贵金属的分离分析方法,作了一些探索和研究。本文采用聚四氟乙烯密封溶样罐酸解胶片乳剂膜,丁二酮肟—氯仿溶液萃取钯,石墨炉原子吸收法测定。方法简便、可靠,优于国外文献报道方法,回收率高于90％,相对标准偏差<10％。     

卤化银乳剂的热增感效应研究

温度对卤化银胶片感光度的影响很早就有人进行过研究．在１９３４年,Ｗｅｂｂ［１］研究了不同温度下卤化银乳剂的互易率曲线,并发现温度对感光度的影响与照度有关．当照度很低时,在一定温度范围内感光度会随温度的降低而升高;在高照度下,随温度的升高感光度也增高．...     

关于内灰化卤化银乳剂提高感光材料遮盖率的研究

多年来提高卤化银照相乳剂遮盖率的研究,特别是高速负性乳剂,例如医用X射线乳剂已引起广泛注意。乳剂制造者们不断寻求提高卤化银照相乳剂的遮盖率,即尽可能产生较高的密度,以最充分地利用银,或在不降低卤化银乳剂性能的条件下,减少胶片中的银含量,以达到节银的目的。将一定量的内灰化卤化银乳剂与碘的摩尔分数大于3%的高感大颗粒乳剂混合,以提高感光材料的遮盖率是一种很有效的方法。本文主要研究了内灰化乳剂的制备,选用了有效的内灰化卤化银乳剂及灰化剂,以提高负性感光材料的遮盖率。试验表明,内灰化乳剂与常规的澳碘化银乳剂混合涂成胶片,是达到提高胶片遮盖率的有效方法。胶片在显影时内灰化颗粒(曝了光的)充分被还原,可产生较高的密度即较高的遮盖率。在显影液中是否含有碘化钾以及对内灰化乳剂制备的影响是本文研究的重点^[1,2]。     

增感屏对X线胶片屏片组合性能的影响

增感屏是X线摄影中的重要器材,实际拍片时是在X线胶片的两面夹以增感屏,以提高X线的曝光效率,因此其性能将直接影响X线胶片的屏片组合性能,从而直接影响图像的质量。最近ISO制定了一个测定医用X线胶片性能的新方法—ISO 9236-1。这个新的国际标准也是把胶片和增感屏的组合作为一个整体进行测定。ISO 9236的制定是医用X线胶片性能标定技术上的重大突破,其测试过程更接近于实际拍摄条件,当然会对胶片的生产、应用产生深远的影响。     

桥链含苯并吡喃核的四甲川份菁染料的合成与应用研究

在感光胶片中,使用较多的光谱增感剂为菁染料.这类染料在胶片的保存和加工过程中容易产生灰雾,显影加工处理后卤化银层会残存染料,从而导致版面污染,成为影响产品质量的不利因素.当该类染料作为感红区尤其是红外区的光谱增感剂时,染料的稳定性较差,从而影响胶片的感光性能.     

胶片乳剂微晶体颗粒的XRD测定

胶片乳剂微晶体颗粒的ＸＲＤ测定解韫青，连业良（青岛建工学院分析检测中心，２６６０３３）测定胶片乳剂中微晶体颗粒形状及其相对含量，对研究染料在乳剂微晶体上的表面吸附作用和研究乳剂的感光性能都是极其重要的。Ａｋｉｒａ和Ｗｅｉｄｅｌｉｃ［１～２］应用Ｘ射线...     

用反射隔离层来改善双面X射线胶片的成像能力

设计了一种新型结构的双面X射线胶片,在片基和乳剂层之间各加了一个反射隔离层。这种结构可以防止交叉曝光对影像质量的损害,不但不会使感光度降低,还能有所提高。     

分光浊度法测定油溶性成色剂的分散度

一、引言油溶性成色剂是以小油珠的形式存在于乳剂中的。成色剂油珠的大小,也就是它的分散度,对彩色胶片的照相性能和象质是有一定影响的。因此,在油溶彩色胶片的研究和生产过程中,控制成色剂的乳液的分散度是十分重要的。要有效地控制成色剂乳液的分     

浅谈电影胶片醋酸综合症的危害及其预防措施

电影胶片是一类重要的历史文化遗产,也是国家档案保存的重要组成部分.三醋酸纤维素酯电影胶片是馆藏最多的一类影片,然而其片基构成材料三醋酸纤维素酯水解而产生的醋酸综合症是危害其安全存贮的主要病害,被称为电影胶片的“癌症”.本文分析了醋酸综合症产生的原因,介绍了醋酸综合症的危害及预防电影胶片发生醋酸综合症的措施.     

Synthesis and characterization of carboxylate waterborne cellulose emulsion based on cellulose acetate

With cellulose acetate (CA) as a base material, a novel environmentally friendly carboxylate waterborne cellulose acetate (CWCA) emulsion was synthesized via the method of self-emulsification. Taking advantage of acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate as a modifier, and isophorone diisocyanate as a bridging agent, the molecular structural design of CWCA dispersion was completed successfully, and the structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In this work, the particle size and distribution of the stable CWCA dispersion with solid content of 22.6% are 115.6 and 0.158 nm, respectively. It was found that the microstructure of emulsion particles is a core-shell structure containing a hydrophilic carboxylate group as the shell and hydrophobic cellulose acetate molecular as the core. In addition, the hydrophobic behavior of CWCA film is presented as a contact angle of 109.9°. Furthermore, CWCA film provided a higher thermal decomposition temperature of 345.42 °C than that of CA film at the largest mass loss rate.     

Fabrication of honeycomb-patterned cellulose films

This paper reports for the first time on the fabrication of honeycomb-patterned cellulose films by casting water in oil emulsion of cellulose acetate onto a glass substrate and subsequent deacetylation treatment. The honeycomb pore size could be controlled from 1 to 100 microm under a saturated water vapor condition. Both cellulose and cellulose acetate films with honeycomb-pattern are expected to be a two-dimensional model of plant cell walls as well as of micro-wells for single cell cultivation. Surface topographic image of a honeycomb-patterned cellulose film (scalebar: 50 microm).     

Characterization of cinematographic films by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

The emulsion-coated transparent plastic-base film has been the main carrier for production and preservation of motion picture contents since the 19th century. The knowledge of the composition of black and white silver gelatine cinematographic films is of great importance for the characterization of the photographic process and for identifying the optimum conditions for conservation. A cinematographic film is a multi-component system that consists of a layer of photographic emulsion overcoating a polymeric support (plasticized cellulose triacetate) and a protective transparent cross-linked gelatine layer coating the emulsion. In the present work, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is used to characterize the composition of the materials of cinematographic films. LIB spectra of film samples and of different individual film components, polymeric support and reference gelatines, were acquired in vacuum by excitation at 266 nm (Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, 6 ns, 10 Hz). In the cinematographic film, silver lines from the light-sensitive silver halide salts of the photographic emulsion are accompanied by iron, lead, chrome and phosphorus lines. Iron and lead are constituents of film developers, chrome is included in the composition of the hardening agents and phosphorus has its origin in the plasticizer used in the polymeric support. By applying successive pulses on the same spot of the film sample, it was possible to observe through stratigraphic analysis the different layers composition. Additionally, the results obtained reveal the analytical capacity of LIBS for the study and classification of the different gelatine types and qualities used for the protecting layer and the photographic emulsion.     

Research on the implementing conditions of inverse emulsion-breath figure method

The relationships between three steps of the inverse emulsion-breath figure (Ie-BF) method, including emulsion preparation, film casting and hydrophilic component loading, are explored by adjusting the experimental factors of the three implementing processes. For emulsion preparation step, the influence of the ultrasonification, the concentration of emulsifier and the addition of polymer on the size of the emulsion droplets are investigated. For film casting step, the influence of environmental humidity and several factors concerning the emulsion preparation on the porous structure of the resultant films are studied. It has been proved that high humidity is a necessity for obtaining surface pores, and multi-layered pores with disordered distribution can be formed in the bulk layer of the film when high water/oil ratio is used in making the emulsion. Bovine serum albumin is loaded into the emulsion water droplets, and by implementing the Ie-BF method under the condition of water/oil ratio being as low as 0.02 vol%, selective protein enrichment within the interior of the top-layer pores is still realized. It reflects the characteristics of “high efficiency, targeted assembly” in the step of hydrophilic component loading.     

Water in polymer membranes. Part I : Water sorption and refractive index of cellulose acetate

The dependence of water absorption of 2 to 4 μm thick membranes of cellulose acetate on relative humidity was determined by measuring small changes in their asymmetric waveguide properties in the visible spectral region. Simultaneous measurements of changes in film thickness provide a direct method for obtaining the change in film volume as a function of water concentration and a new measure of polymer porosity. Data are presented for a typical film fabricated from cellulose acetate (CA398-30) which illustrate the usefulness of studying water absorption by integrated optics techniques.     

Sisal cellulose and its acetates: generation of films and reinforcement in a one-pot process

This study was undertaken to evaluate both the properties of cellulose acetate films as a function of their degree of substitution (DS) and the possibility of generating reinforcements during film preparation. Sisal was selected for the entire study, among other reasons, because it is a rapidly growing source of cellulose. Cellulose acetates with various DS values were prepared in a homogeneous medium (dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride as the solvent system) and characterized. In DMAc/LiCl, cellulose and cellulose acetate films (mixed or not mixed with sisal cellulose) were successfully prepared and characterized. The films with high DS values exhibited lower hygroscopicity, a distinct morphology (scanning electron microscopy images), and lower tensile strength. In some cases, the films prepared from acetates/cellulose exhibited higher tensile strength and/or storage modulus than the acetate films. This result suggested a reinforcing action of the auto-organized cellulose chains that enabled the generation of both a film and reinforcement in a one-pot process.