透明质酸-量子点的制备及应用

基于量子点(QD)独特的光学成像特性, 采用化学合成法制备了透明质酸(HA)修饰的水溶性纳米量子点(HA-QD), 并将其应用于特异性受体CD44的识别研究中. 体外细胞实验结果证实, 在透明质酸受体的介导下, 该纳米复合物可使小鼠肺腺癌细胞LA795显示特异性的荧光成像. 本研究为建立针对透明质酸受体的肿瘤活体检测及研究肿瘤的发生发展提供了重要的纳米靶向荧光探针.     

CdTe量子点酸度敏感荧光探针测定水样中铵根离子含量

本研究在水相中合成了高质量的巯基乙酸包被的CdTe量子点.在pH 5.8～8.0范围内的PBS缓冲溶液中,CdTe量子点荧光强度与体系酸度存在良好的线性关系.利用NH+4 对量子点荧光的猝灭作用,实现了对水溶液中NH+4 的定量检测.在最优条件下,CdTe量子点酸度敏感探针荧光的猝灭程度与NH+4浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性范围为0.05～6.0 mmol/L,检出限为0.15 μmol/L.对1.0 mmol/L标准溶液平行测定11次,相对标准偏差为3.2%.利用标准加入法对水样中NH+4含量进行了测定,其结果与蒸馏-酸滴定法的结果基本一致.     

多功能两亲梳状聚合物的合成及包覆荧光量子点

利用溶液聚合和成酰胺反应合成了多功能梳状两亲性共聚物,聚(甲基丙烯酸-co-甲基丙烯酸十八酯)-(乙醇胺-乙二胺叶酸)(PSM-EE-FA).用红外光谱(FTIR),核磁共振(1H-NMR)及凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)表征了该聚合物的结构及分子量分布.实验结果证明合成了该聚合物,其数均分子量(Mn)为28600,多分散性为1.375.用该两亲梳状聚合物包覆油溶性CdSe/ZnS量子点,通过相转移作用,得到水溶性靶向量子点(PSM-EE-FA-QDs).该水溶性量子点溶液具有较好的稳定性.通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)及荧光发射光谱分析对该量子点的光学性质进行研究.结果表明,PSM-EE-FA-QDs的紫外-可见光谱及荧光发射光谱峰形与原量子点基本一致.由于量子点表面聚合物层的形成,峰位发生少量红移.该量子点水溶液的荧光强度是原量子点氯仿溶液的98%,荧光产率是原量子点氯仿溶液的95%.动态光散射(DLS)及透射电镜(TEM)测试结果表明水溶性量子点分布均匀.合成的水溶性量子点不但光学性能稳定,而且聚合物及水溶性量子点的合成方法较为简便.     

核酸适配子探针对转移性大肠癌细胞的多靶点成像及其靶标的定量分析

利用核酸适配子对肿瘤细胞的高亲和力靶向识别功能以及量子点的高荧光发射强度和光稳定性等特性,制备了识别不同靶点的核酸适配子探针,将其联合使用实现了对肿瘤细胞的多靶点成像及其靶标的定量分析.使用通过Cell-SELEX技术筛选得到的可特异性识别转移性大肠癌细胞系Lo Vo的7个核酸适配子,分别与量子点QD605偶联制备分子探针.基于流式细胞术的竞争实验结果表明,7个探针可特异性识别靶细胞的不同靶点,相互之间无识别干扰.对靶细胞的荧光成像表明,与单一探针相比,多个探针联合使用可明显提高细胞表面的荧光信号强度,且阳性细胞检出率明显增多,显示出更高的检测灵敏度.使用流式细胞术及荧光成像定量方法分析了7个探针对不同转移特性大肠癌细胞系的识别能力,结果表明,多个探针联合使用可有效评价大肠癌细胞的转移潜能.本研究证实通过多个核酸适配子探针的联合使用可有效提高对靶细胞识别的灵敏度和准确性,为核酸适配子的广泛应用及大肠癌的靶向诊断提供了新的思路和手段.     

叶酸修饰的碳量子点在体外癌细胞成像中的应用

具有癌细胞靶向性的荧光纳米探针在生物分析、生物医学和临床诊断等领域有着重要的应用前景。 本文基于碳量子点的低毒性、低成本、环境友好、制备方法简单及高发光特性等优点,采用水热法合成了表面富含氨基的荧光碳量子点(CDs),进一步通过1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)缩合的方法,将叶酸(FA)分子中的羧基与其共价连接,从而得到叶酸共价修饰的碳量子点复合材料(FA-CDs)。 通过将该复合材料分别与海拉(Hela)和小鼠胚胎成纤维(NIH-3T3)细胞共培养,发现该复合材料能够特异性识别并标记癌细胞,且制备的该复合材料具有低毒性和高发光性等优点。 该工作对癌细胞的早期诊断具有重要意义。     

基于硅量子点电子转移荧光淬灭的2,4,6-三硝基甲苯/2,4,6-三硝基苯酚检测新方法

提出了一种基于硅量子点电子转移荧光淬灭检测2,4,6-三硝基甲苯/2,4,6-三硝基苯酚的新方法.在这个工作中,我们制备了一种表面氨基包覆的强荧光、抗光漂白、单分散的硅量子点.TNT/TNP与硅量子点表面的氨基通过化学识别形成稳定的Meisenheimer复合物,从而淬灭硅量子点的荧光并诱导其团聚.硅量子点的荧光强度与TNT/TNP浓度的对数呈线性负相关,TNT和TNP的检测下限分别为50和5 pg/mL.实验证明,该分析方法有较好的选择性并对分析介质的pH值不敏感,有望实现环境中TNT/TNP的实时、现场和超痕量检测.     

基于QDs和DOX的靶向诊疗体系的制备与表征

通过酰胺化反应在聚甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯-g-聚乙二醇聚合物(PGMA-g-PEG)上修饰叶酸靶分子(FA).核磁共振(1H-NMR)和红外光谱(FTIR)测试表明成功合成了PGMA-g-(PEG)(FA)聚合物.利用该聚合物对量子点(QDs)进行配体交换形成水溶性量子点,再通过戊二醛及亚胺键键连的方式在水溶性量子点表面连接抗癌药物阿霉素(DOX)形成叶酸靶向的诊疗一体体系.紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)谱图显示该体系具有量子点和阿霉素的特征吸收峰,同时还出现了叶酸的特征吸收峰,由此说明了叶酸靶向的诊疗一体体系的成功制备.通过体外药物释放研究表明该体系具有较好的p H敏感性,在p H为5.0时具有较大的药物释放率,而在p H为7.4时较稳定,药物几乎得不到释放.通过He La细胞实验研究表明相比于诊疗体系,带有叶酸靶向的诊疗体系具有更大的细胞毒性,可以更好的被细胞所摄取,在细胞内形成较高浓度的量子点和阿霉素,可以更好的实现细胞的成像和肿瘤的治疗.     

功能化量子点应用于无机离子和小分子识别

量子点作为新型荧光材料广泛应用分子识别研究,其表面功能化修饰能有效改善它在分子识别中的选择性和灵敏度。本文按功能化基团与量子点的连接方式分类,分为：以硫原子为连接基的功能化量子点（包括简单巯基化合物修饰的量子点、以简单巯基化合物为前驱体修饰的量子点、其他类型含巯基化合物修饰的量子点以及含-CS2化合物修饰的量子点）、以氧原子为连接基的功能化量子点和以氮原子为连接基的功能化量子点。评述了近5年来以上述类别的功能化量子点在无机离子和小分子识别研究中的应用。     

碳量子点标记的硼替佐米缓释制剂的合成与应用

硼替佐米的肽硼酸与壳聚糖的羟基发生酯化反应生成肽硼酸酯,即得到硼替佐米-壳聚糖复合物;然后,该复合物中壳聚糖的氨基与碳量子点表面羧基发生静电吸附作用,将碳量子点吸附进入壳聚糖体系内,进而得到硼替佐米-壳聚糖-碳量子点复合纳米粒载体.此产物具有生物相容性、无毒副作用、荧光示踪及pH敏感等性质,在生物传感、生物医用材料、功能纳米材料,尤其是药物载体或制剂的控制释放方面,具有重要的研究意义和应用价值.     

亲水性修饰的量子点的结构对荧光性能的影响研究

亲水性量子点的荧光性能是其作为生物检测探针的一个重要质量指标. 不同结构的量子点在亲水性修饰过程中, 其抵抗荧光淬灭的能力差异较大. 设计与制备具有不同结构和成分的核、核壳量子点, 再通过双亲性高分子对其亲水性改性, 利用荧光光谱监测亲水性修饰过程中的荧光性能变化来度量所合成量子点的光化学稳定性. 实验结果表明,在表面亲水性修饰过程中, 未包覆壳层的裸核量子点其抵抗荧光淬灭的能力最弱; 包覆壳层的核壳量子点, 其抵抗荧光淬灭的能力增强, 且壳层越多, 抵抗能力越强. 壳层的结构和成分直接影响核壳量子点抵抗荧光淬灭的能力, 具有合理晶格匹配的核壳量子点, 其抵抗荧光淬灭的能力较强. 另外, 通过优化设计与制备的核壳量子点经表面亲水性修饰后, 再偶联叶酸, 构建出特异性生物荧光探针, 对乳腺癌细胞进行靶向性标记后, 利用流式细胞仪进行细胞检测分析. 实验结果表明, 通过优化制备的核壳量子点, 亲水性修饰后仍具有很好的荧光性能, 偶联叶酸后具有较好的细胞靶向性.     

Immunofluorescent Labeling of Human HepG2 Cells with CdTe Quantum Dot Probe Conjugated with Anti-pan CK MAb

A relatively sensitive, specific, and photostable method for the detection of cytokeratin of cancer cells via conjugation with cadmium telluride quantum dots(CdTe QDs) was described. Water soluble CdTe QDs were conjugated to anti-pan-cytokeratin(CK) monoclonal antibody(MAb) through coupling reagent [1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyla- mino propyl)carbodiimide, EDC] and the conjugates were purified by dialysis. The expression of pan CK protein in HepG2 cells was observed by immunocytochemistry and direct immunofluoresce...     

The preparation of glutathione-capped CdTe quantum dots and their use in imaging of cells

In this paper, different sizes of glutathione-capped CdTe (GSH/CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) have been prepared directly in aqueous solution. The QDs have tunable fluorescence in the range of 510-670 nm, and they also have high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) without any postpreparative treatment. Furthermore, the QDs have strong resistance to photobleaching, and they also have to be considered as cytocompatible. In addition, for the first time, folic acid was covalently conjugated to the GSH/CdTe QDs for imaging of cancer cells, demonstrating their potentially broad application as biolabels.     

One-pot synthesis of strongly luminesencing CdTe quantum dots and their conjugation with mouse antibody to alpha-fetoprotein

In this paper, strongly luminescent CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized in aqueous solution by a facile one-pot method. The CdTe QDs were synthesized in a weakly acidic or neutral buffer solution composed of sodium borate (Na₂B₄O₇) and sodium citrate (C₆H₅Na₃O₇). The pH of buffer solution and the ratio of the precursors were systematically optimized; the high-quality CdTe QDs with progressively increasing fluorescence during 60 days storage were obtained. As-prepared QDs can be conjugated with a mouse antibody alpha-fetoprotein via the reaction mediated by N-hydroxysuccinimide and 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride. The conjugate showed a red shift of 9 nm for the emission position.     

Luminescent properties of water-soluble denatured bovine serum albumin-coated CdTe quantum dots

Chemically reduced bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been used to modify the surface of water-soluble CdTe quantum dots (QDs). It is demonstrated that the denatured BSA (dBSA) can be conjugated to the surface of CdTe QDs and thereby efficiently improve the chemical stability and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of the QDs. It is inferred that a shell-like complex structure CdTe(x)(dBSA)(1-x) will form on the surface of the CdTe "core", resulting in the enhancement of PL intensity and the blue shift of the PL peak. This study of the effects of pH and dBSA concentration on optical properties of dBSA-coated QDs suggests that, at pH 6-9, the solution of dBSA-coated CdTe QDs can keep substantial stability and fluorescent brightness, whereas further increase of pH value leads to a dramatic decrease in PL QY and chemical stability. On the other hand, too high or too low initial dBSA concentration in the QD solution results in a decrease of PL QY for dBSA-coated CdTe QDs. This study provides a new approach of preparing stable water-soluble QDs with high PL QY and controllable luminescent colors for biological labeling applications.     

颜色可调的高荧光CdTe量子点的水相合成

以亚碲酸钠为碲源,硼氢化钠为还原剂,一步合成了巯基丁二酸(MSA)稳定的CdTe量子点.研究了反应液pH值、镉与碲的摩尔比及镉与巯基丁二酸的摩尔比等实验条件对CdTe量子点体系荧光量子产率的影响,并用荧光光谱、X射线粉末衍射及透射电子显微镜等对其进行了表征.结果表明,CdTe量子点具有闪锌矿结构,形貌呈球状;在pH=1...     

Synthesis of aqueous CdTe quantum dots embedded silica nanoparticles and their applications as fluorescence probes

This paper presents the synthesis of aqueous CdTe QDs embedded silica nanoparticles by reverse microemulsion method and their applications as fluorescence probes in bioassay and cell imaging. With the aim of embedding more CdTe QDs in silica spheres, we use poly(dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride) to balance the electrostatic repulsion between CdTe QDs and silica intermediates. By modifying the surface of CdTe/SiO₂ composite nanoparticles with amino and methylphosphonate groups, biologically functionalized and monodisperse CdTe/SiO₂ composite nanoparticles can be obtained. In this work, CdTe/SiO₂ composite nanoparticles are conjugated with biotin-labeled mouse IgG via covalent binding. The biotin-labeled mouse IgG on the CdTe/SiO₂ composite nanoparticles surface can recognize FITC-labeled avidin and avidin on the surface of polystyrene microspheres by protein-protein binding. Finally, the CdTe/SiO₂ composite nanoparticles with secondary antibody are used to label the MG63 osteosarcoma cell with primary antibody successfully, which demonstrates that the application of CdTe/SiO₂ composite nanoparticles as fluorescent probes in bioassay and fluorescence imaging is feasible.     

Long-term exposure to CdTe quantum dots causes functional impairments in live cells

Several studies suggested that the cytotoxic effects of quantum dots (QDs) may be mediated by cadmium ions (Cd2+) released from the QDs cores. The objective of this work was to assess the intracellular Cd2+ concentration in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells treated with cadmium telluride (CdTe) and core/shell cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide (CdSe/ZnS) nanoparticles capped with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), cysteamine (Cys), or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugated to cysteamine. The Cd2+ concentration determined by a Cd2+-specific cellular assay was below the assay detection limit (<5 nM) in cells treated with CdSe/ZnS QDs, while in cells incubated with CdTe QDs, it ranged from approximately 30 to 150 nM, depending on the capping molecule. A cell viability assay revealed that CdSe/ZnS QDs were nontoxic, whereas the CdTe QDs were cytotoxic. However, for the various CdTe QD samples, there was no dose-dependent correlation between cell viability and intracellular [Cd2+], implying that their cytotoxicity cannot be attributed solely to the toxic effect of free Cd2+. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of CdTe QDs-treated cells imaged with organelle-specific dyes revealed significant lysosomal damage attributable to the presence of Cd2+ and of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be formed via Cd2+-specific cellular pathways and/or via CdTe-triggered photoxidative processes involving singlet oxygen or electron transfer from excited QDs to oxygen. In summary, CdTe QDs induce cell death via mechanisms involving both Cd2+ and ROS accompanied by lysosomal enlargement and intracellular redistribution.     

Synthesis of CdTe Quantum Dots with Tunable Photoluminescence Using Tellurium Dioxide as Tellurium Source

A simple and convenient method has been developed for synthesis of water‐soluble CdTe quantum dots (QDs) under ambient atmospheric conditions. In contrast to the traditional aqueous synthesis, green to red emitting CdTe QDs were prepared by using TeO₂ to replace Te or Al₂Te₃ as tellurium source in this method. The influences of experimental variables, including pH value, 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)/Cd and Te/Cd molar ratios, on the emission peak and photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of the obtained CdTe QDs have been systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that green to red emitting CdTe QDs with a maximum photoluminescence quantum yield of 35.4% can be prepared at pH 11.3 and n_(Cd):n_(Te):n_(MPA)=1:0.1:1.7.     

禽流感病毒流式微球量子点探针免疫诊断新方法

采用微波法水相中合成羧基化的绿色量子点,通过羧基与禽流感单克隆抗体氨基的共价结合,制备了检测禽流感病毒的探针,并结合流式微球技术,建立了量子点生物探针流式微球免疫检测禽流感病毒的新方法.以聚苯乙烯微球为蛋白质载体,将多克隆抗体包被到荧光微球上,依次加入待测抗原和量子点生物探针,形成双抗体夹心复合物,用流式细胞仪进行检测.实验结果表明,多抗和单抗的最佳质量浓度分别为92和4 mg/L,检测禽流感病毒比双抗体夹心ELISA灵敏16倍,比FITC标记单抗检测方法灵敏4倍.对阳性尿囊液的检测与ELISA呈现良好的相关性,不与鸡传染性支气管炎病毒、鸡马力克氏病毒、新城疫病毒等发生交叉反应.     

不同环境因子作用下水溶性CdTe量子点的生长动力学研究

以硫普罗宁为稳定剂,水热法制备了水溶性CdTe量子点,系统研究了回流时间、反应物配比、pH值、反应温度和电解质种类等环境因子对量子点生长动力学及光物理性质的影响。结果表明,溶液的pH值及反应物配比对CdTe量子点的光物理性质均有重要影响。优化条件后,回流5 h可得到发射峰位于550 nm的CdTe量子点,其荧光量子效率高达52%;在氯化钠作用下,量子点生长加快,即高浓度氯化钠会减弱溶液中粒子间静电排斥,促进离子扩散,有利于量子点的生长;添加苯磺酸钠会抑制量子点的生长,有利于制备高荧光量子效率的小尺寸CdTe量子点。