Kinetics of Etching of Dislocations in Ferroelectric Ammonium Hydrogen Tartrate Single Crystals

Ferroelectric crystals of Ammonium Hydrogen Tartrate (AHT) have been synthesised using the controlled reaction between NH₄Cl and (CHOHCOOH)₂ by diffusion process in silica gel medium. (010) cleavages of AHT crystals have been etched in 1.0 M and 1.5 M solutions of SrCl₂ solution. The lateral and normal velocities of the growth of pits were measured at different temperatures. The time dependence of the growth of the pit dimensions is found to be linear, whereas the temperature dependence of the growth of pits is found to be exponential, viz. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \[V = A\,\exp \left({\frac{E}{{kT}}} \right)\] $\end{document}. The dissolution parameters, e.g. the activation energies and the pre-exponential factors for dissolution along the surface and along the dislocation lines have been computed. It is observed that the activation energy (E₁) of dissolution along [001] direction is found to be greater than the activation energy (E_b) along [100] direction and the implications are discussed.     

Dendritic Growth of Ammonium Tartrate Single Crystals in Silica Gel

Dendritic growth of Ammonium tartrate single crystals in silica gel at 30 °C is reported. Main stem parallel to the ‘C’ axis is observed. Dendritic growth in initial and final stages with its surface structures are illustrated and described. Growth features are correlated to the growing conditions and reacting components.     

On Isotropic Points in Potassium Ammonium Sulphate Crystals

Crystallography Reports - An effect of uniaxial pressure on the spectral and temperature dependences of birefringence of K1.75[NH4]0.25SO4 single crystals has been studied. Different changes in the...     

LaxFe3CoSb12多晶材料的制备和拉曼光谱测定

用熔融退火法制备了镧填充方钴矿(LaxFe3CoSb12)多晶热电材料.用背散射方法测定了不同掺镧量晶体的拉曼光谱.我们认为晶格孔隙中镧原子的振颤运动产生了有效的声子散射并使拉曼谱线加宽.随着镧含量的增加,镧原子振颤自由度降低,谱线的加宽程度减少.     

Raman and Infrared Spectra of Nd-Doped Barium Sodium Niobate Crystals

Neodymium-modified barium sodium niobate (Ba₂Na)_1-xNd_xNb₅O₁₅(BNN:Nd), with x = 0.025, crystallizes with a filled tungsten bronze (TB) type structure in the tetragonal system, conforming to the space group P4bm and Z = 2. The lattice constants are a = 1.2446(1) and c = 0.3991(1) nm at room temperature. Tc = 537 +- 2 °C. The experiments show that the Nd-ions effectively improve crystal structural quality. The lattice vibrational spectrum, studied by Raman and infrared reflectivity spectroscopy, shows that the crystal microscopic structure and lattice dynamics, thereby the microstrain and microstress, are very stable in a temperature range from 22 to approaching 500 °C.     

掺Nd钒酸盐晶体热导率的拉曼光谱研究

运用晶格动力学观点推导了热导率与积分拉曼散射强度的关系,测量了Nd:YVO4 (简称NYV)和Nd:GdVO4 (简称NGV)不同配置下的高温拉曼光谱和其a、c向的热导率,理论与实验非常吻合.     

硼和氮掺杂金刚石单晶的合成与Raman光谱研究

氮(N)元素和硼(B)元素为金刚石晶体中常见的两种杂质元素,它们对金刚石的物理化学性质有着重要的影响.本文使用高温高压温度梯度法合成了分别含有氮和硼杂质的金刚石单晶,并使用Raman光谱对晶体进行分析研究.研究发现:随着金刚石生长体系内杂质的引入,晶体的质量变差;当生长体系含有氮杂质时,生长的含氮金刚石晶体的特征峰谱线向低波数偏移,晶体的应力表现为拉应力;当生长体系含有硼杂质时,生长的含氮金刚石晶体的特征峰谱线向高波数偏移,晶体的应力表现为压应力.本研究将有助于丰富金刚石单晶掺杂的认识.     

MMTN晶体与MMTWD晶体的晶格振动及热导率的拉曼光谱研究

采用拉曼光谱技术测量了MMTN(MnHg(SCN)4(C2H5NO)2)和MMTWD(MnHg (SCN)4(H2O)2(C3H7NO)2)两类金属有机配合物晶体的拉曼光谱,并对其晶格振动特征峰进行了指认.依据晶格动力学理论以及声子散射模型,推导了晶体热导率与声子寿命及拉曼谱线半峰宽的关系,计算了晶体的热导率,讨论了该类晶体激光损伤的物理机制.     

Etch Pattern of Gel-grown Single Crystal of Ammonium Tartrate

Using optical techniques, a study was carried out of the etch patterns produced, by diluted oxalic acid and sodium hydroxide solution, at 30°C. Point bottomed and flat bottomed rectangular etch pits nucleated at the sites of dislocations parallel to ‘C’ axis of the crystal are observed. Mostly they are isolated, and randomly distributed. Further, on prolonged etching they penetrate deeper and their eccentricity can be attributed to the inclined nature of dislocations.     

Growth and Characterisation of Pure and Nickel-doped Strontium Tartrate Tetrahydrate Single Crystals

Strontium tartrate tetrahydrate single crystals doped with nickel have been grown in silica gel. The grown crystals have been characterized by X-ray, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and etching technique.     

Electronic Spectra and Structure of Polydiacetylene Crystals

Abstract

The spectra of polydiacetylene crystals may be categorized such that they form two distinct classes. There are the long wavelength reflectors with their peaks of reflectivity from 15,000 to 16,000 cm^?1 and the short wavelength reflectors with their reflection peaks from 18,000 to 19,000 cm^?1. In the former set where the crystals reflect a reddish-gold color, the vibrational structure is greatly enhanced compared to the spectra for the systems of the second class which reflect in the green. X-ray crystallographic determinations have shown that in the case of the gold-reflecting crystals the polymer may be represented by an acetylenic backbone:     

Growth and Kinetic Studies of Spherulitic Gadolinium Tartrate Crystals from Silica Gel

Spherulitic growth of gadolinium tartrate dihydrate crystals by controlled diffusion in silica gel is reported. The influence of growth parameters e.g., reactant concentration, gel pH and gel ageing, on the size, quality and nucleation density of the spherulites has been studied. It is observed that under varying experimental conditions involving change in reactant concentrations, gel pH and gel ageing, the material crystallizes in the form of spherulites. The results of growth kinetics are discussed. Scanning electron microscopy confirms spherulites to be aggregates of single crystallites, with each micro-sized crystal exhibiting a cuboid morphology. Surface structures exhibited by the micro-sized crystals indicate their growth by two-dimensional nucleation mechanism.     

FT-IR and Raman study of silver lead borate-based glasses

Glasses from the xMnO · (100−x)[3B₂O₃ · 0.9PbO · 0.1Ag₂O] system with 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 20 mol% have been prepared and studied by means of FT-IR absorption and Raman scattering. We interpreted the spectroscopic data in conjunction with the structural information obtained by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-ray patterns have showed homogenous glasses over the entire compositional range while the SEM pictures have detected metallic silver or Ag₂O clusters dispersed in the glass network. Acting as complementary spectroscopic techniques, both types of measurements, FT-IR and Raman, revealed that the network structure of the studied glasses is mainly based on BO₃ and BO₄ units placed in different structural groups, the BO₃ units being dominant. The influence of manganese-ion content (x), on the N_BO4/N_BO3 ratio evolution was investigated.     

Low‐Temperature Raman Scattering Spectra of GaSexS1‐x Layered Mixed Crystals

Raman scattering has been used to study the vibrational spectra of GaSe_xS_1‐x layered mixed crystals at 10 K. We report the frequency dependencies of different modes on composition x, with particular emphasis on A′₁⁽²⁾ (A_1g¹) and A′₁⁽⁴⁾ (A_1g²) intralayer compressional modes having low dispersion in the Brillouin zone. The appearance of additional bands is attributed to multimode behavior typically exhibited by mixed crystals of anisotropic compounds.     

Sm∶YCOB晶体生长及吸收光谱表征

采用熔体提拉法生长了高质量Sm3+掺杂YCa4O(BO3)3(YCOB)晶体.通过X射线粉末衍射、高分辨X射线衍射摇摆曲线、ICP-AES、吸收光谱等对晶体的性能进行了研究.发现生长的Sm∶ YCOB晶体与YCOB晶体具有相同的结构,结晶质量较好,半高宽可达31弧秒;5at;浓度掺杂时Sm3+在YCOB晶体中分凝系数为0.773;晶体在1400～1600 nm范围内有若干较强的吸收峰.     

Infrared Spectroscopic and Thermal Studies of Gel Grown Spherulitic Crystals of Iron Tartrate

Growth of spherulitic crystals of iron tartrate by controlled diffusion in sodium metasilicate gels has been described. Infrared spectroscopic, thermogravimetric and elemental analysis have been conducted to characterize the crystals. The results are interpreted and explained.     

Growth and Characterisation of Potassium Pentaborate Single Crystals

Single crystals of potassium pentaborate were grown by the solution growth method. The grown crystals were characterised by optical transmission spectrum, differential thermal analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The coefficient of thermal expansion was also determined and the results discussed.     

铌酸钾锂晶体的生长和缺陷

用电阻加热提拉法生长了一系列较大尺寸,组分离子均匀性较好的铌酸钾锂晶体.利用X射线荧光光谱法测量了不同配比的熔体中生长出的晶体组成,用同步辐射X射线测量了晶体结构,结果表明随晶体组成变化,晶体的晶格常数发生了变化.根据晶体组分离子浓度与折射率的关系研究了晶体折射率变化情况,结果表明用本方法生长的大尺寸KLN晶体,寻常折射率no在测量误差范围内没有变化,非寻常折射率ne的变化率在820nm仅为1.22×10-4/mm,在410nm仅为1.93×10-4/mm.晶体的干涉条纹证明了晶体有良好的光学均匀性.结合晶体生长实验,探讨了改进晶体组分离子浓度分布均匀性的方法,结果表明采用籽晶和坩锅向相同方向旋转可以改善晶体生长界面处组分离子浓度的波动,提高晶体组分离子均匀性.晶体的缺陷研究表明晶体结构完整性较好,位错形状与晶体结构相一致,密度为7.5×104,[001]轴是晶体的极化轴.晶体对890～960nm波长范围的cw-Ti:sapphire激光倍频结果表明晶体有良好的倍频性能.