Ring-opening polymerization of cyclic monomers is the method of choice when tailor-made polymers and copolymers with heteroatoms in the main chain are to be prepared. Triblock copolymers comprising a poly(ethylene oxide) block [poly(EO)] and two poly(2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate) blocks [poly(DTC)] were prepared using a telechelic poly(EO) as initiator for the DTC polymerization. These block copolymers dissolve suitable salts leading to solid polymeric electrolytes. The thermal properties and the ionic conductivity of these materials are presented. Block copolymers comprising a poly(tetrahydrofuran) block [poly(THF)] and a poly(trimethylene urethane) block [poly(TU)] were obtained by sequential cationic polymerization of THF and TU with methyl trifluoromethane-sulfonate as initiator. Mechanistic and kinetic aspects of the TU polymerization are discussed. To achieve the synthesis of block copolymers with a poly(L-lactide) block [poly(LLA)] and a poly(α-amino acid) block [poly(AA)] amino-terminated poly(LLA) was prepared which served as initiator for the polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides. 相似文献
Poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL) has been extensively studied for biomedical use due to its outstanding biocompatibility. Well-defined random and block copolymers based on PCL such as poly(?-caprolactone-r-2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate) (PCD), poly[(?-caprolactone-r-2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate)-b-PEG-b-(?-caprolactone-r-2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate)] (PECD) and poly[MPEG-b-(?-caprolactone-r-2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate)] (MPECD) containing 5.0-8.5 mol% 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) and 15.9-18.3 mol% polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (MPEG) have been synthesized by using lanthanum tris(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate) as catalyst. Their crystallization properties, thermal behaviors, hydrophilicities and degradation properties depend on the tunable microstructures and morphologies. It is found for the first time that porcine pancreatic lipase (PP lipase) can effectively catalyze the degradation of PCD electrospun mats (EMs) with 92.0% weight loss within 7 days while it shows no detectable effect on PCL EMs. Surface erosion mechanism is proposed in the enzymatic degradation systems, and the high proportion of amorphous domain of PCD contributes to its fast degradation rate according to the degradation product analyses. The enzymatic degradation rates of PCD EMs with porous structures and huge surface areas are higher than those of compression molding films (CMFs). Introducing PEG segment improves the hydrophilicity of PCD but decreases the degradation rate. A PEG segment enrichment process on the surface is addressed, which prevents the contact of PP lipase with PCD segments in the PEG-involved electrospun fiber. PECD and MPECD exhibit different mechanical strengths and contact angles, but similar degradation profiles. This study provides a practical example for tunable biodegradation of polyesters by designing the materials' bulk structures and/or surface morphologies. 相似文献
The anionic and/or insertion copolymerization of 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) with ϵ-caprolactone (ECL), pivalolactone (PVL) and L-lactide (LLA) is presented with special emphasis on the copolymerization mechanism. Statistical copolymers are obtained by copolymerization of DTC with ECL and with LLA, while with PVL a block copolymer is obtained. The role of transesterification on the microstructure is discussed. 相似文献
Silica nanoparticles were first used as the carrier for the porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) immobilization. The result of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the immobilized lipase was still in nanosize after enzyme immobilization. The ring-opening polymerization of 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) catalyzed by this immobilized PPL (IMPPL) was explored. 1H NMR spectra suggested no evidence of decarboxylation during propagation. Influences of IMPPL concentration and reaction temperature on the molecular weight and yield of poly(DTC) were studied. The recovery and reuse of IMPPL for the ring-opening polymerization of DTC was also investigated. The recycling IMPPL showed even higher catalytic activity and a higher molecular weight of polycarbonate could be achieved. 相似文献
Scandium p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene complex has been synthesized from scandium isopropoxide and p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene and used as a single component initiator for the first time. The polymerization of 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) using this complex can proceed under mild conditions. Poly (2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate) (PolyDTC) with weight-average molecular weight of 33700 and molecular weight distribution of 1.21 can be prepared. Kinetics study indicates that the polymeri- zation rate is first order with respect to both monomer and initiator concentrations, and the apparent activation energy of the polymerization is 22.7 kJ/mol. 1H NMR spectrum of the polymer reveals that the monomer ring opens via acyl-oxygen bond cleavage leading to an active center of Sc-O. 相似文献
PCL possesses a wide range of medical applications, such as tissue engineering and controlled drug release, because of its good biodegradability and miscibility. In order to extend the use of PCL, researchers have been exploring its structural and chemica… 相似文献
Syntheses and biodegradation of random copolymers of L -lactide (L -LA) with trimethylene carbonate (TMC), 1,1-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (1,1-DTMC) and 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (2,2-DTMC) were investigated at various monomer ratios using SmMe(C5Me5)2THF as an initiator at 80 °C for 24 h in toluene. Enzymatic degradation of these polymers were performed using cholesterol esterase, lipoprotein lipase, and proteinase K. Poly(TMC) was effectively biodegraded by cholesterol esterase and lipoprotein lipase, while poly(2,2-DTMC) and all the copolymers were hardly degraded using these enzymes. Biodegradations of poly(L -LA-co-TMC) (97:3) and poly(L -LA-co-2,2,DTMC) (95:5) show rapid degradations using TES buffer, a compost and proteinase K. The physical properties of these copolymers were also examined.
Enzymatic degradation of L -LA/2,2-DTMC copolymers by proteinase K in Tricine buffer (pH 8.0) at 37 °C: a 98:2, b 82:18, c 100:0, d 66:34, e 34:66, f 0:100. 相似文献
The biphenol based discrete ion-pair rare earth complexes,[Ln(EDBP)2(DME)Na(DME)3][Ln=Er(1),Yb(2), Sm(3)],were prepared and used as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization(ROP)of 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate(DTC).Three complexes show moderate activities for the polymerization,and the catalytic activities increase in the following sequence:(Yb2 elimination was prepared. 相似文献
Aliphatic polycarbonate is a series of useful biodegradable materials attracting more interests recently. Poly(2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate) (polyDTC) has been studied for a long time. Polymerization of DTC can be catalyzed by alkyl metals1, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and its esters2, alcohol/methylaluminum diphenolate system3 and etc. Herein tris(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxo) lanthanides (Ln(OAr)3, Ln=La, Nd) are firstly applied to initiate the polymerization of DTC. Ln(O… 相似文献
The ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) was initiated by glycol and yttrium tri(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate)s (Y(OAr)3), preparing dihydroxy-capped poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with controllable molecular weight. 1H NMR and SEC analyses indicate that two kinds of active species and corresponding PCL with different structures exist in
the system. Increasing the ratio of glycol to Y(OAr)3 benefits the formation of monofunctional active species. However, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/Y(OAr)3 system only contains sole bifunctional active species to synthesize copolymer of CL with PEG (poly(CL-b-PEG-b-CL)). Dihydroxycapped PCL as macroinitiator can further initiate the polymerization of 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate
(DTC). Thus, triblock copolymer of CL with DTC (poly(DTC-b-CL-b-DTC)) has been prepared. 相似文献
Copolymerization of tetramethylene urea (TeU, 1 ) with the cyclic carbonates 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC, 2 ) and ethylene carbonate (EC, 3 ) results in the polyurethanes 4 and 5 with an approximate number-average molecular weight of 20 000 and a polydispersity index of two. Polyurethane 4 is an amorphous material with a glass transition temperature of 26.3°C; polyurethane 5 is a semicrystalline material with a melting temperature of 208°C. Distinct copolymerization mechanisms are proposed for the formation of polyurethane 4 and 5 , respectively. 相似文献
A Monte Carlo algorithm has been established for multi-dispersive copolymerization system, based on the experimental data of copolymer molecular weight and dispersion via GPC measurement. The program simulates the insertion of every monomer unit and records the structure and microscopical sequence of every chain in various lengths. It has been applied successfully for the ring-opening copolymerization of 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) with δ-caprolactone (δ-CL). The simulation coincides with the experimental results and provides microscopical data of triad fractions, lengths of homopolymer segments, etc., which are difficult to obtain by experiments. The algorithm presents also a uniform frame for copolymerization studies under other complicated mechanisms. 相似文献
Single component rare earth aryl oxides substituted by various alkyl groups [Ln(OAr)3] such as methyl,isopropyl,and tertbutyl have been developed to initiate the ring-opening polymerization of 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate(DTC).The catalytic activity of rare earth aryl oxides,characteristics of the ring-opening polymerization as well as the polymerization kinetics and mechanism were intensively examined.The experimental results turn out that the catalytic activity of Ln(OAr)3 changes in good concordanc... 相似文献
The poly(2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate)(PDTC)with one hydroxyl and one formate terminal functions was synthesized by in situ generated,tetrahydrosalen stabilized yttrium borohydride complex.The influences of monomer/initiator molar ratio,temperature and reaction time on polymerization of DTC were investigated.Under the condition:[DTC]/[I]=500,55℃,toluene:0.5 mL,DTC:0.6 g,PDTC with Mn=15600 and PDI=2.15 was obtained. Through 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR analyses,the structure of PDTC was characterized and a coordination-insertion mechanism was proposed.In addition,the random copolymerization of DTC and caprolactone(CL)initiated by rare-earth borohydride compound was studied.The microstructure of PDTC-co-PCL includes four diads:DTC-CL,CL-CL,DTC-DTC and CL-DTC, which were determined by the specific signals in 1H-NMR spectra.Based on the typical signals of the formate(δ= 8.08)and hydroxyl(δ=3.34)end groups of PDTC-co-PCL,a mechanism involving DTC monomer inserts before CL during the initiation process was presumed.Furthermore,the thermal properties of amorphous copolymer were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The results support the random structure of PDTC-co-PCL. 相似文献