水杨酸功能化聚苯乙烯包覆硅胶复合微粒对银的分离富集性能研究

制备了水杨酸功能化聚苯乙烯包覆硅胶复合微粒,填充微柱后,测定了微柱的穿透曲线和洗脱曲线。将微柱用于低浓度Ag（I）的分离富集测定,研究了各影响因素,优化了实验条件。测定Ag（I）的线性范围为0.020—0.50μg/mL。方法可用于水样中痕量银的测定。     

流动注射在线吸附预富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定鸵鸟肉中的微量硒

以香烟过滤嘴为微柱吸附材料,建立了流动注射(FI)在线预富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)联用技术测定鸵鸟肉中微量硒。在最佳的仪器工作条件下,硒的增敏因子为4.7,检出限为0.0017μg/mL,相关系数r为0.9987。方法用于鸵鸟肉中微量硒的测定,RSD=2.47%,加标平均回收率99%—101%。     

TAI对鱼明胶介质中AgBr/I超细颗粒的保护作用

TAI(4 羟基6 甲基1, 3, 3a, 7 四氮茚)可以显著影响鱼明胶介质中AgBr/I超细颗粒的生长.红外光谱测量显示,其特征NH伸缩振动带消失,表明通过形成N Ag络合物, TAI吸附到AgBr/I超细颗粒表面上.紫外吸收光谱数据分析指出, TAI分子在AgBr/I超细颗粒上吸附状态与乳剂颗粒成熟过程有关,单位表面积最大吸附量及最高覆盖率均出现在物理成熟初期的5min时,可以认为,此时TAI与Ag之间形成了最适合于吸附的空间网状结构,延长物理成熟时间, TAI在AgBr/I超细颗粒上的吸附逐渐趋于平衡状态,其单位面积吸附量及覆盖率基本不变,分别在1. 3μmol/m2 和47% ~49%水平.TEM观察此时AgBr/I超细颗粒的平均粒径与粒径分布也基本不再变化,最大平均粒径也出现在物理成熟5min时.TAI存在下,乳剂颗粒的平均粒径及其生长速率均明显低于不含TAI的乳剂颗粒,表明TAI对在鱼明胶介质中生长的AgBr/I超细颗粒具有明显的保护作用.     

纳米氧化铝微柱富集ICP-AES测定大白口蘑中的痕量稀土元素

以负载了1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-吡唑酮[5](PMBP)的纳米氧化铝为微柱吸附材料,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES),系统地研究了其在动态条件下对稀土离子Sc~(3+),Y~(3+)和La~(3+)的吸附性能,并确定了最佳吸附及解脱条件。实验结果表明:在pH为4.5时,分析物均可被上述吸附材料定量吸附;用0.5 mol·L~(-1)盐酸溶液可将吸附在微柱上的稀土离子完全解脱。该方法对Sc~(3+),Y~(3+)和La~(3+)的检出限分别为0.15,0.18和0.34μg·L~(-1);相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.5%,3.0%和1.7%(n=12,c=0.5μg·L~(-1))。方法应用于大白口蘑(Tricholoma giganteum)中痕量Sc,Y和La的测定,结果满意。     

纳米氧化铝微柱富集-ICP-AES测定绒柄牛肝菌中的痕量稀土元素

以负载了1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-吡唑酮[5](PMBP)的纳米氧化铝为微柱吸附材料,采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)研究了动态条件下对稀土离子Sc3+、Y3+和La3+的吸附性能,确定了最佳吸附及解脱条件。在pH为4.5时,分析物均可被上述吸附材料定量吸附;用0.5mol.L-1盐酸溶液可将吸附在微柱上的稀土离子完全解脱。本法对Sc3+、Y3+和La3+的检出限分别为0.15、0.18和0.34μg.L-1;相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.5%、3.0%和1.7%(n=12,C=0.5mg·mL-1)。方法应用于绒柄牛肝菌(Boletus tomentipes)中痕量Sc、Y和La的测定,结果满意。     

整体柱毛细管电色谱法测定蔬菜中有机磷农药的含量

采用加压毛细管电色谱法,在整体柱上实现了马拉硫磷、二嗪农、甲基对硫磷、杀螟硫磷、倍硫磷、甲基毒死蜱和毒死蜱等 7 种有机磷类化合物的分离检测.整体固定相具有渗透性好,传质速度快等优点,7种物质10min内实现快速分离测定.在最佳电色谱条件下,马拉硫磷、二嗪农、甲基对硫磷、杀螟硫磷、倍硫磷、甲基毒死蜱和毒死蜱的线性范围分别为2-50μg/mL,2-50μg/mL,2-50μg/mL,2-50μg/mL,1.4-50μg/mL,2.5-50μg/mL,2.5-50μg/mL;相关系数r2为0.9925-0.9984;检测限(S/N=3)在0.3-1.5μg/mL之间.本法操作简单、快速,适合于蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的分析测定.     

交联羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖微柱预富集-GFAAS测定痕量铅、镉、铜的研究

建立了用交联羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖(CCMKGM)作为微柱预富集填料,分离富集-GFAAS测定环境水样中痕量铅、镉和铜的新方法。研究了溶液酸度、样品的流速和体积、洗脱剂的浓度和体积、共存离子等对CCMKGM微柱吸附重金属离子的影响。结果表明:在pH为5.0～7.0的条件下,三种重金属离子可定量吸附在CCMKGM微柱上;采用1.0 mL 0.5 mol·L-1的盐酸溶液可将吸附在CCMKGM微柱上的铅、镉和铜定量洗脱。Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+的检出限(3σ)分别为0.038, 0.000 5和0.014 μg·L-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.5％, 9.2％和4.7％(初始浓度c_Pb2+ =c_Cu2+=1.0 μg·L-1, c_Cd2+=0.1 μg·L-1,n= 11),富集倍数50。将该法用于环境标准样品的测定,测得值与标准值相符。     

阻抑过氧化氢氧化橙黄G褪色分光光度法测定人发中的微量铋

基于在pH=11.00的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液中,铋(Ⅲ)对H2O2氧化橙黄G的褪色反应具有阻抑作用,据此建立了阻抑动力学分光光度法测定微量铋(Ⅲ)的新方法.方法的线性范围为0.008-0.32μg/mL,检出限为1.15×10-3μg/mL,对4.00μg/25mL铋(Ⅲ)进行11次平行测定A阻值的相对标准偏差为2.2％.本方法用于人发中微量铋的测定,回收率为99.3％-102.7％.     

酸性品红褪色光度法测定痕量铁(Ⅲ)

基于Fe(Ⅲ)可使酸性品红氧化褪色,建立了一种褪色光度法测定铁的新方法,该方法线性范围为0-8.25μg/mL,检出限为3.72×10-4μg/mL.用于水样中Fe(Ⅲ)含量的测定,回收率在90%-100%.     

胶束电泳法测定五味子中的3种有效成分

建立了基于一种快速、高效分离与测定五味子中五味子甲素、五味子乙素和五味子酯甲含量的胶束毛细管电泳-紫外检测分析新方法。以毛细管(70cm×50μm i.d×375μm o.d)为分离通道,在最佳电泳介质(30mmol/L SDS,pH=7.2,20mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液)中,当分离电压为21kV时,3种待测物质在11min内达到基线分离。在254nm波长处,五味子甲素、五味子乙素和五味子酯甲的线性响应范围分别为5.0—150.0μg/mL、1.0—100.0μg/mL和1.5—150.0μg/mL;检出限分别为1.0、0.22μg/mL和0.4μg/mL。该方法具有良好的重现性,以100.0μg/mL的五味子甲素、五味子乙素和五味子酯甲测定其保留时间和峰高相对标准偏差(RSD)(n=7)均小于2.98%。本方法用于中药五味子中五味子甲素、五味子乙素和五味子酯甲的含量测定,结果令人满意。     

以理论为先导以实践促提高

探讨在现行电子类实验教学大纲下的验证性实验如何与实际电子制作相结合，使学生由被动实验转为主动实验。通过制作发现问题、分析问题并解决问题，进一步巩固和加深对相关理论的理解，培养学生的实践能力。     

Motion by curvature by scaling nonlocal evolution equations

We prove convergence to a motion by mean curvature by scaling diffusively a nonlinear, nonlocal evolution equation. This equation was introduced earlier to describe the macroscopic behavior of a ferromagnetic spin system with Kac interaction which evolves with Glauber dynamics. The convergence is proven in any time interval in which the limiting motion is regular.     

Cooling by heating: refrigeration powered by photons

We propose a new mechanism for refrigeration powered by photons. We identify the strong coupling regime for which maximum efficiency is achieved. In this case, the cooling flux is proportional to T in the low temperature limit T→0.     

Thrombocytogenesis by megakaryocyte; Interpretation by protoplatelet hypothesis

Serial transmission electron microscopy of human megakaryocytes (MKs) revealed their polyploidization and gradual maturation through consecutive transition in characteristics of various organelles and others. At the beginning of differentiation, MK with ploidy 32N, e.g., has 16 centrosomes in the cell center surrounded by 32N nucleus. Each bundle of microtubules (MTs) emanated from the respective centrosome supports and organizes 16 equally volumed cytoplasmic compartments which together compose one single 32N MK. During the differentiation, single centriole separated from the centriole pair, i.e., centrosome, migrates to the most periphery of the cell through MT bundle, corresponding to a half of the interphase array originated from one centrosome, supporting one "putative cytoplasmic compartment" (PCC). Platelet demarcation membrane (DM) is constructed on the boundary surface between neighbouring PCCs. Matured PCC, composing of a tandem array of platelet territories covered by a sheet of DM is designated as protoplatelet. Eventually, the rupture of MK results in release of platelets from protoplatelets. (Communicated by Tadamitsu Kishimoto, M.J.A.).     

Gravitational Lensing by Traversable Wormholes Supported by Three-Form Fields

In this paper, the deflection angle of light by traversable wormholes, which are supported by the three-form fields, are studied. The specific forms of the redshift and shape functions that produce results compatible with the energy conditions at throat of the wormholes are used. Having used the well-defined parameter sets of the three-form wormholes, the photon geodesic motion is investigated under the effective potential of the wormhole background. As a result, it is discovered that the radius of the photon sphere can be used to analyze the geometrical structures of a physical wormhole. The analytical form of the effective potential is used to figure out a deflection angle of light caused by wormholes with the three-from fields. In this work, the relativistic images generated from the wormholes are also constructed.     

Te-waves guided by arbitrary nonlinear dielectrics bounded by linear media

Considerable interest is currently being devoted to nonlinear propagation in dielectric slab waveguides for integrated optics and millimetric applications. Much of the current work is based on Kerr-like ( E ²) nonlinear media and numerically discussed. We present a exact solution of TE-waves for arbitrary nonlinear dielectric ( |E| ). We applicate this solution to the planar nonlinear optic waveguides and the dispersion relations are given. The results show that the propagation constants are a function of the field magnitude.Supported by deutscher akademischer austauschdienst (DAAD)He is now with Dept. Electrical Engineering, Duisburg University, 4100 Duisburg, Germany     

Dephasing by extremely dilute magnetic impurities revealed by Aharonov-Bohm oscillations

We have probed the magnetic field dependence of the electron phase coherence time tau(phi) by measuring the Aharonov-Bohm conductance oscillations of mesoscopic Cu rings. Whereas tau(phi) determined from the low-field magnetoresistance saturates below 1 K, the amplitude of Aharonov-Bohm h/e oscillations increases strongly on a magnetic field scale proportional to the temperature. This provides strong evidence that a likely explanation for the frequently observed saturation of tau(phi) at low temperature in weakly disordered metallic thin films is the presence of extremely dilute magnetic impurities.     

Infrared absorption by sulfur-doped silicon formed by femtosecond laser irradiation

We microstructured silicon surfaces with femtosecond laser irradiation in the presence of SF₆. These surfaces display strong absorption of infrared radiation at energies below the band gap of crystalline silicon. We report the dependence of this below-band gap absorption on microstructuring conditions (laser fluence, number of laser pulses, and background pressure of SF₆) along with structural and chemical characterization of the material. Significant amounts of sulfur are incorporated into the silicon over a wide range of microstructuring conditions; the sulfur is embedded in a disordered nanocrystalline layer less than 1 m thick that covers the microstructures. The most likely mechanism for the below-band gap absorption is the formation of a band of sulfur impurity states overlapping the silicon band edge, reducing the band gap from 1.1 eV to approximately 0.4 eV. PACS 78.68.+m; 81.15.Fg; 81.40.Tv; 81.65.Cf; 85.60.Gz     

Laser-induced nano-patterning by means of interference subpatterns generated by microspheres

Interference patterns generated by a regular lattice of SiO₂ microspheres on a transparent support are used for the surface patterning of polyimide (PI) foils. Using 248 nm excimer-laser radiation, thousands to millions of holes with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 160±40 nm can be generated with a single laser pulse. Received: 1 March 2002 / Accepted: 4 March 2002 / Published online: 10 September 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +43-732/2468-9242, E-mail: dieter.baeuerle@jku.at