巯基/乙烯基硅氮烷紫外光固化的研究

利用原位红外跟踪技术和光-示差扫描量热技术研究了不同类型多官能巯基化合物与乙烯基硅氮烷的紫外光聚合动力学过程.结果表明,巯基化合物官能度越高,聚合反应速率越高,但最终转化率越低.巯基丙酸酯类化合物比烷基硫醇类化合物更易与乙烯基硅氮烷反应.在较低温度下,反应温度对聚合反应的影响较弱,反应活化能约为2.3kJ/mol,而较高反应温度下反应速率偏离Arrhenius方程.     

巯基硅溶胶对改性亚麻籽油紫外光固化反应活性的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了新型的多功能巯基硅氧烷溶胶;用亚麻籽油和环戊二烯合成了可光聚合的改性亚麻籽油低聚物(NLO),并用红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了其结构。用光-差示扫描热分析(Photo-DSC)和在线红外(RT-IR)对NLO、巯基硅氧烷的紫外光固化体系的光聚合反应活性及可光聚合官能团的转化率进行了动力学研究。结果表明:巯基硅氧烷能大大提高NLO的自由基聚合速率,环烯键对硫醇十分敏感,巯基硅氧烷溶胶兼具光引发剂和交联剂的作用。     

紫外光固化乙烯基硅氮烷-巯基共聚物热裂解产物的表征

采用热失重与热分析联用(TGA-DTA)、X射线衍射(XDR),场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、能谱仪及排水法对紫外光固化乙烯基硅氮烷-巯基共聚体系裂解产物进行了分析和表征。结果表明：在300～500 ℃的范围内出现了相吻合的质量损失速率峰和热量吸收峰;最终质量保持率约为55wt%;体系表观密度出现先下降后上升的趋势,保温时间提高可使热解产物进一步密实化,密度最终达到2.458 g·cm^-3;在保温2 h的条件下,共聚系在1 400 ℃下生成少量Si₃N₄晶体,在1 600 ℃下,热解物晶体组成为n_SiO2∶n_Si3N4∶n_SiC=3∶26∶71,结晶度达91.25%;延长保温时间即可提高体系的结晶度,也可降低结晶温度。在1 400 ℃保温24 h,观察到热解物内生成大量不规则的晶须。     

超支化烯丙基聚硅氮烷-巯基化合物体系紫外光固化研究

采用等温差示光量热扫描技术(DPC)研究了超支化烯丙基聚硅氮烷-巯基化合物体系的紫外光固化.对比了超支化聚合物-巯基化合物体系、二官能烯丙基硅氮烷-巯基化合物体系和超支化自聚体系的紫外光固化特性,结果表明超支化-巯基化合物体系可在引发剂浓度低(0.1wt%)、辐照强度低(5mW/cm2)的情况下迅速发生光固化反应;与超支化自聚反应相比固化速率高、双键转化率高;而与低官能-巯基化合物体系相比,由于超支化分子结构的独特性,导致固化速率快,双键转化率偏低.对引发剂浓度、辐照强度和反应温度对固化行为的影响表明,在引发剂浓度不超过0.5wt%和辐照强度不大于30.50mW/cm2时,反应速率分别与引发剂浓度和辐照强度的1/2次方成线性关系.运用带扩散因子的自催化固化动力学模型研究了不同温度下的固化行为,计算出特定条件下的光固化动力学参数,表观总反应级数约为8.76,表观活化能为13.97kJ/mol.     

多元α-巯基丙酸酯/乙烯基硅氮烷紫外光固化与热解特性

采用三种多官能巯基丙酸酯与含有乙烯基的硅氮烷预聚物组成光固化体系, 对其UV光固化特性和固化物热解行为进行了研究, 并制备出近似Si3N4化学组成的Si-N陶瓷材料, 为制备微型陶瓷结构制件和陶瓷涂层提供了一条途径.     

原位FTIR光谱法研究联萘基环氧树脂体系的固化反应

用原位FTIR光谱方法分析了联萘基环氧单体DGEBN与胺类和酚类固化剂的固化反应.固化体系中,在环氧与固化剂混合之后和反应之前就存在特殊的分子间作用力(包括氢键作用),这可能是由环氧-固化剂产生的环状中间体络合物使环氧基的伸缩振动频率产生红移所致.随着固化反应的进行,环氧基的振动吸收峰分裂成二重峰,分裂转变时间所对应的转化度接近理论凝胶点.4种固化剂与DGEBN进行固化反应表现出不同的反应活性.用FTIR和DSC两种方法分别得到的转化度随时间的变化关系具有可比性.     

单体结构对紫外光固化氧阻聚影响的研究

利用光量热仪(UV-DSC)对单体TMPTA以及不同乙氧基化的TMPTA单体进行了紫外光固化实验。通过比较空气气氛和氮气气氛下光固化速率增长最快时的时间t_amax的差异来评价光固化初期氧阻聚的大小。考察了单体中乙氧基上的α-H的数量以及单体的流动特性对氧阻聚的影响。结果表明,提高单体中乙氧基的数量能减小光固化过程中的氧阻聚,氧阻聚的大小与单体中α-H的数量以及单体的黏度有关.     

含巯基MTQ树脂的合成及对丙烯酸酯体系光固化性能的影响

以六甲基二硅氧烷、γ-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH-580）和正硅酸乙酯为原料,在酸性条件下通过水解共聚反应合成了含巯基MTQ树脂（SH-MTQ）。通过傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱（¹HNMR）、凝胶渗透色谱和热重,对所合成的树脂进行了表征和分析。以1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮（184）为光引发剂,考察了含巯基MTQ树脂对三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯（TPGDA）光固化过程和材料性能的影响,发现含巯基MTQ树脂的加入使得TPGDA的光固化速率和双键转化率有所提高,并且固化膜硬度、热稳定性、透过率和接触角等材料性能也有所提高。     

紫外光固化光纤油墨对着色光纤光衰减的影响

紫外光固化油墨;聚丙烯酸酯;着色纤维;紫外光固化光纤油墨对着色光纤光衰减的影响     

用 GC/MS 研究β-二酮结构树脂紫外光自固化的光解及固化

通过碱催化乙酰丙酮和丙烯酸乙酯的迈克尔加成反应,合成了 4,4 二乙酰庚二酸二乙酯(EDAP),该化合物具有可紫外光自固化的β-二酮结构但无光固化基团,利用气相色谱质谱联用(GC/MS) 研究其光解机理从而推断紫外光自固化树脂的固化机理.结果显示季碳原子上接有两个乙酰基的化学结构在紫外光照下不稳定,容易发生裂解,脱掉乙酰基自由基,由此在无光引发剂下仍可以引发丙烯酸酯类单体和低聚物的自由基光聚合.     

新型芳基硫醇的合成及在聚芳醚砜紫外交联中的应用

通过假高稀反应和芳香亲核取代反应成功制备了一种新型芳基三硫醇,其与烯丙基聚醚砜(c-PAES)的混合体系在光引发剂 TPO 的作用下能极大地增强聚醚砜体系的紫外交联速度.研究结果表明,按官能团摩尔比1:1的比例添加芳基三硫醇的聚醚砜体系在紫外交联情况下,其最终双键转化率提高了1倍左右,而且体系的光反应速率有了极大的提高...     

Monitoring the Thiol/Thiophenol Molecule-Modulated Plasmon-Mediated Silver Oxidation with Dark-Field Optical Microscopy

Surface plasmon can trigger or accelerate many photochemical reactions, especially useful in energy and environmental industries. Recently, molecular adsorption has proven effective in modulating plasmon-mediated photochemistry, however the realized chemical reactions are limited and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Herein, by using in situ dark-field optical microscopy, the plasmon-mediated oxidative etching of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), a typical hot-hole-driven reaction, is monitored continuously and quantitatively. The presence of thiol or thiophenol molecules is found essential in the silver oxidation. In addition, the rate of silver oxidation is modulated by the choice of different thiol or thiophenol molecules. Compared with the molecules having electron donating groups, the ones having electron accepting groups accelerate the silver oxidation dramatically. The thiol/thiophenol modulation is attributed to the modulation of the charge separation between the Ag NPs and the adsorbed thiol or thiophenol molecules. This work demonstrates the great potential of molecular adsorption in modulating the plasmon-mediated photochemistry, which will pave a new way for developing highly efficient plasmonic photocatalysts.     

Dendrimers in thiol‐ene crosslinked networks and the effect of subsequent generations on thermoset properties

A series of well‐defined allyl‐ether functionalized polyester dendrimers has been synthesized via the divergent approach using traditional esterification reactions. Two commercially available trifunctional thiols, trimethylolpropane tri(3‐mercaptopropanoate) (TRIS) and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tri(3‐mercaptopropanoate) (ETTMP), were incorporated with the dendrimers into the thiol‐ene polymer networks. The thiol‐ene reactions were conducted at room temperature and cured by UV light without the addition of photoinitiatior. Highly crosslinked films were obtained and characterized with respect to mechanical (DMA) and thermal (DSC and TGA) properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 589–601, 2009     

Application of thiol‐ene click chemistry to preparation of functional polyethylene with high molecular weight and high polar group content: Influence of thiol structure and vinyl type on reactivity

A series of functional polyethylenes have been simply and efficiently synthesized via the combination of regioselective ethylene/5‐vinyl‐2‐norbornene (VNB) copolymerization using [PhNC(CF₃)CHCO(Ph)]₂TiCl₂ catalyst and following ultraviolet light initiated thiol‐ene click reaction. On treatment of ethylene/VNB copolymer with different thiols including mercaptoethanol, 1‐thioglycerol, methyl mercaptoacetate, methyl mercaptopropionate, 2‐mercaptoethylamine, mercaptoacetic acid, and mercaptopropanoic acid, various polar groups have been successfully introduced into the polyethylene. Except 2‐mercaptoethylamine, the functionalizations are quite efficient with the degree of functionalization higher than 94%, which is independent of thiol structure and double bond content. The content of polar group in functional polyethylene can be tuned in a wide range of 0–30 mol %. Gel permeation chromatography profiles indicate all functional polyethylenes that have very high molecular weights (160–336 kg/mol) with homogeneous formation. Besides, systematic investigation of the influence of vinyl type and thiol structure on reactivity has been also carried out. By treatment of mercaptoethanol with different copolymers (ethylene/VNB, ethylene/5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene, and ethylene/dicyclopentadiene copolymer), the order of vinyl reactivity can be summarized as terminal > internal > cyclic double bond. For different thiols, the reactivity has the sequence of SHCH₂COOH > SHCH₂COOCH₃ > SHCH₂CH₂COOH > SHCH₂CH₂COOCH₃ > SHCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH > SHCH₂CH₂OH > SHCH₂CH₂NH₂, which is depended on the solubility and the electron‐withdrawing inductive effect of polar group. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

Well‐defined PE‐b‐PDMS diblock copolymers via the combination of thiol‐ene click and esterification reactions: Facile synthesis and compatibilization for HDPE/silicone oil blends

Well‐defined diblock copolymers of linear polyethylene (PE) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) have been synthesized through a facile route combining the thiol‐ene click chemistry of vinyl‐terminated polyethylene (PE‐ene) and the sequential esterification reaction. The resulting diblock copolymers are characterized by ¹H NMR, FT‐IR, DSC, TGA, and TEM. In addition, the PE‐b‐PDMS diblock copolymers have been evaluated as compatibilizers in the blends of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and silicone oil. The morphological analysis and mechanical properties demonstrate that the compatibilized blends with low loading concentration of PE‐b‐PDMS display significant improvements in modulus of elasticity and elongation at break as compared to the uncompatibilized binary blends. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 3205–3212     

One‐pot preparation of mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monoliths by the thiol‐ene click reaction for mixed‐mode capillary liquid chromatography

A novel mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monolithic column was prepared for capillary liquid chromatography, in which the thiol‐end mercaptotetrazole was mixed with hydrolyzed γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and tetramethyloxysilane for the co‐polycondensation and thiol‐ene click reaction in a one‐pot process. The effects of the molar ratio of silanes, the amount of mercaptotetrazole, and the volume of porogen on the morphology, permeability and pore properties of the as‐prepared mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monoliths were investigated in detail. A series of test compounds including alkylbenzenes, amides and anilines were employed for evaluating the retention behaviors of the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monolithic columns. The results demonstrated that the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monoliths exhibited hydrophobic, hydrophilic as well as ion‐exchange interaction. The run‐to‐run, column‐to‐column and batch‐to‐batch reproducibilities of the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monoliths were satisfactory with the relative standard deviations less than 1.4 (n  = 5), 3.9 (n  = 3) and 4.0% (n  = 5), respectively. In addition, the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monolith was further applied to the separation of sulfonamides, nucleobases and protein tryptic digests. These successful applications confirmed the promising potential of the mercaptotetrazole‐silica hybrid monolith in the separation of complex samples.     

X-ray diffraction investigation of siloxanes. II. Dependence of the structure of cyclic trisiloxanes on the nature of organic substituents at the silicon atom

The structure of six cyclic trisiloxane compounds with various combinations of carbon and oxygen-containing organic radicals Me, Ph, 2mPh, and 3mPh attached to the silicon atoms and lying in different positions of the trisiloxane cycle has been studied. The Si-O bond lengths vary within wide limits (1.607(5)–1.643(2) Å). Introduction of one or two 2mPh or 3mPh oxygen-containing radicals in the 1,1-position of the trisiloxane ring results in Si-O interatomic distances shortened to 1.624(3) Å. When two 3mPh radicals are in the 1,3-positions, the Si-O bond length decreases to 1.607(5) Å. The calculated charges on the silicon and oxygen atoms of the siloxane ring indicated that there is poor correlation between the charged state of the silicon atom and the Si-O bond length.     

Optimization of the surface modification process of cross‐linked polythiol‐coated chiral stationary phases synthesized by a two‐step thiol‐ene click reaction

A new platform technology for the preparation of stable chiral stationary phases was successfully optimized. The chiral selector tert‐butylcarbamoylquinine was firstly covalently connected to the polymer poly(3‐mercaptopropyl)methylsiloxane by thiol‐ene click reaction. Secondly, the quinine carbamate functionalized polysiloxane conjugate was coated onto the surface of vinyl modified silica particles and cross‐linked via thiol‐ene click reaction. The amount of polysiloxane, chiral selector, radical initiator, reaction solvent (chloroform and methanol), reaction time, and pore size of the supporting silica particles were varied and systematically optimized in terms of achievable plate numbers while maintaining simultaneously enantioselectivity. The optimization was based on elemental analysis data, chromatographic results, and H/u‐curves (Van Deemter) of the resultant chiral stationary phases. The results suggest that better chromatographic efficiency (higher plate numbers) at equal enantioselectivity can be achieved with methanol (a poor solvent for the polysiloxane that is dispersed rather than dissolved) and a lower film thickness of quinine carbamate functionalized polysiloxane. In this study, chiral stationary phases based on 100 Å silica slightly outperformed 200 Å silica particles (each 5 μm). The optimized two step material exhibited significantly reduced mass transfer resistance compared to the one step material and equal performance as a brush‐type chiral stationary phase.     

Effect of hetero atom on the conformational stability of the forming ring in the transition structures of Type-II ene cyclization: a theoretical study

The chair conformation of the forming ring in the transition structure, for its high stability, is usually considered for the determination of the overall stereoselectivity in a type-II ene cyclization reaction. However, present theoretical investigation reveals that the presence of a heteroatom like oxygen or nitrogen in the tether of type-II carbonyl ene cyclization stabilizes the transition structure, in which the forming ring adopts a boat conformation. Due to such stability of the boat conformer the overall stereoselectivity of some type-II reactions may differ from the expected one.