Capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry relevant to pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications

Advanced analytical techniques play a crucial role in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological field. In this context, capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS) has attracted attention due to efficient and selective separation in combination with powerful detection allowing identification and detailed characterization. Method developments and applications of CE/MS have been focused on questions not easily accessible by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) as the analysis of intact proteins, carbohydrates, and various small molecules, including peptides. Here, recent approaches and applications of CE/MS relevant to (bio)pharmaceuticals are reviewed and discussed to show actual developments and future prospects. Based on other reviews on related subjects covering large parts of previous works, the paper is focused on general ideas and contributions of the last 2 years; for the analysis of glycans, the period is extended back to 2006.     

Progress in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry instrumentation and its impact on high-throughput screening

In the past 10 years, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) has rapidly matured to become a very powerful and useful analytical tool that is widely applied in many areas of chemistry, pharmaceutical sciences and biochemistry. In this paper, recent instrumental developments in LC–MS-related interfacing, ionization and mass analysis are reviewed from the perspective of the application of LC–MS in high-throughput screening of combinatorial libraries and the related high-throughput quantitative bioanalysis in early drug-discovery studies, such as early adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion studies.     

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱微区分析新进展

从仪器、基础研究诸方面评述近年来LA-ICP-MS微区分析进展,重点介绍了与ICP-MS联用的激光技术发展、校正方法、分馏效应、剥蚀颗粒分布研究及仪器装置与实验技术与改进,对LA-ICP-MS技术的应用作了回顾与展望。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术用于环境中元素形态分析的最新进展

综述了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)联用技术在环境科学中的应用情况.参考过去十年内的国内外文献,从方法学的角度论述了HPLC联用ICP-MS技术的发展,重点探讨了该技术在环境领域,尤其是在元素形态分析(包括生物学,生物无机化学和生物医学)中的应用.     

DNA analysis by mass spectrometry-past, present and future

The analysis of deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) by mass spectrometry (MS) has evolved to where it can be used to analyze most known types of DNA and ribose nucleic acid (RNA) situations. It can efficiently deal with the analysis of DNA polymorphisms, sequences, haplotypes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, DNA methylation and RNA expression. Implementations of MS for these forms of DNA analyses are reviewed. The use of DNA analysis by MS is compared with competing technologies. Finally, an overview is given of worthwhile applications where the know-how gained so far could be used for future developments.     

一氧化氮生物有机化学研究进展

综述了一氧化氮近十多年来在生物有机化学领域的研究进展,系统地讨论了NO的生理功能与其生物有机化学反应之间的关系.     

Peptidomics and proteomics based on CE‐MS as a robust tool in clinical application: The past,the present,and the future

Capillary electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) has been used for several years for the investigation of proteins and peptides as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. In addition, the technology has recently been introduced to support the stratification of patients in clinical trials and in large clinical studies. In this review, we aim at presenting the development of CE‐MS over the last 20 years, by focusing on the clinical potential of proteome and peptidome analysis and highlighting some of the key technical issues and advancements that have been made in this context towards implementation. Based on the reviewed literature, it has become evident that CE‐MS is now an accepted tool in clinical application in several disease areas. Apart from a critical overview on the current state‐of‐the‐art in CE‐MS, we also indicate the expected developments for potential future use.     

烯丙基金属有机化合物与不对称合成

本文综述了烯丙基金属有机化合物在不对称合成领域中的进展和应用,并讨论了有关亲核加成反应立体控制的反应机理等问题。     

Recent developments in asymmetric catalytic addition to CN bonds

Methods for enantioselective C-C bond constructions via additions to imines and related compounds are reviewed, with an emphasis on the most recent efforts involving asymmetric catalysis. Selected seminal examples are provided in order to place the recent developments in context.     

Nanomaterials in mass spectrometry ionization and prospects for biological application

The rapid development of nanotechnology has revolutionized scientific developments in recent decades. Mass spectrometry (MS) measurements are no exception and have benefited greatly from integration of nanomaterials in every step of analysis. This brief review summarizes recent developments in the field with the focus on the use of nanomaterials as alternative media to facilitate analyte ionization in laser-desorption ionization–mass spectrometry (LDI–MS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The biological applications of both techniques are also detailed. The use of nanomaterials in other aspects of MS analysis, for example in sample clean-up and indirect analyte quantification, is briefly discussed.     

Room temperature phosphorescence in the liquid state as a tool in analytical chemistry

A wide-ranging overview of room temperature phosphorescence in the liquid state (RTPL¹) is presented, with a focus on recent developments. RTPL techniques like micelle-stabilized (MS)-RTP, cyclodextrin-induced (CD)-RTP, and heavy atom-induced (HAI)-RTP are discussed. These techniques are mainly applied in the stand-alone format, but coupling with some separation techniques appears to be feasible. Applications of direct, sensitized and quenched phosphorescence are also discussed. As regards sensitized and quenched RTP, emphasis is on the coupling with liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), but stand-alone applications are also reported. Further, the application of RTPL in immunoassays and in RTP optosensing—the optical sensing of analytes based on RTP—is reviewed. Next to the application of RTPL in quantitative analysis, its use for the structural probing of protein conformations and for time-resolved microscopy of labelled biomolecules is discussed. Finally, an overview is presented of the various analytical techniques which are based on the closely related phenomenon of long-lived lanthanide luminescence. The paper closes with a short evaluation of the state-of-the-art in RTP and a discussion on future perspectives.     

Recent advances in the MS analysis of glycoproteins: Capillary and microfluidic workflows

Recent developments in bioanalytical instrumentation, MS detection, and computational data analysis approaches have provided researchers with capabilities for interrogating the complex cellular glycoproteome, to help gain a better insight into the cellular and physiological processes that are associated with a disease and to facilitate the efforts centered on identifying disease-specific biomarkers. This review describes the progress achieved in the characterization of protein glycosylation by using advanced capillary and microfluidic MS technologies. The major steps involved in large-scale glycoproteomic analysis approaches are discussed, with special emphasis given to workflows that have evolved around complex MS detection functions. In addition, quantitative analysis strategies are assessed, and the bioinformatics aspects of glycoproteomic data processing are summarized. The developments in commercial and custom fabricated microfluidic front-end platforms to ESI- and MALDI-MS instrumentation, for addressing major challenges in carbohydrate analysis such as sensitivity, throughput, and ability to perform structural characterization, are further evaluated and illustrated with relevant examples.     

中国色谱学的近期(1998-1999)发展

 介绍了近期中国在色谱及相关领域的研究进展 ,综合分析了 1998年 1月至 1999年 12月国内研究人员在与色谱领域关系较为密切的国内外主要期刊和在此期间召开的第 12次全国色谱学术报告会、第 8届北京国际分析测试学术报告会暨仪器展览会上发表论文的情况 ,分类评述了色谱理论、气相色谱、液相色谱、毛细管电泳及电色谱、固相微萃取等领域的最新进展。     

Modern developments in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based environmental analysis

Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) continues to play an important role in the identification and quantification of organic contaminants in environmental samples. GC–MS is one of the most attractive and powerful techniques for routine analysis of some ubiquitous organic pollutants due to its good sensitivity and high selectivity and versatility. This paper presents an overview of recent developments and applications of the GC–MS technique in relation to the analysis in environmental samples of known persistent pollutants and some emerging contaminants. The use of different mass analysers such as linear quadrupole, quadrupole ion-trap, double-focusing sectors and time-of-flight analysers is examined. The advantages and limitations of GC–MS methods for selected applications in the field of environmental analysis are discussed. Recent developments in field-portable GC–MS are also examined.     

生物质谱--蛋白质组研究的关键技术

介绍了近几年来国际上重点研究的几类新型生物质谱技术,综述了它们在蛋白质组研究中的最新进展,比较了各自的特点,简要评价了它们在蛋白质组研究中的应用和前景。     

Indolocarbazole natural products: occurrence, biosynthesis, and biological activity

The indolocarbazole family of natural products, including the biosynthetically related bisindolylmaleimides, is reviewed (with 316 references cited). The isolation of indolocarbazoles from natural sources and the biosynthesis of this class of compounds are thoroughly reviewed, including recent developments in molecular genetics, enzymology and metabolic engineering. The biological activities and underlying modes of action displayed by natural and synthetic indolocarbazoles is also presented, with an emphasis on the development of analogs that have entered clinical trials for its future use against cancer or other diseases.     

Ultra-sensitive radionuclide spectrometry: Radiometrics and mass spectrometry synergy

Summary Recent developments in radiometrics and mass spectrometry techniques for ultra-sensitive analysis of radionuclides in the marine environment are reviewed. In the radiometrics sector the dominant development has been the utilization of large HPGe detectors in underground laboratories with anti-cosmic or anti-Compton shielding for the analysis of short and medium-lived radionuclides in the environment. In the mass spectrometry sector, applications of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for the analysis of long-lived radionuclides in the environment are the most important recent achievements. The recent developments do not only considerably decrease the detection limits for several radionuclides (up to several orders of magnitude), but they also enable to decrease sample volumes so that sampling, e.g., of the water column can be much easier and more effective. A comparison of radiometrics and mass spectrometry results for the analysis of radionuclides in the marine environment shows a reasonable agreement - within quoted uncertainties, for wide range of activities and different sample matrices analyzed.     

A modular approach to anion binding podands: adaptability in design and synthesis leads to adaptability in properties

Progress in the development of a modular approach towards flexible anion-binding and sensing systems is reviewed within the context of related developments in conformationally flexible anion- and salt-binding hosts. The transferability of concepts and structural features across chemically distinct systems is emphasised along with the use of modular components in polymer and gel-phase systems.     

Recent advances in supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry

A summary of the recent advances in SFC/MS is included in this review. Interface designs are described as well as the key control variables. Finally, future developments in SFC/MS are predicted.     

Multidimensional chromatography in food analysis

In this work, the main developments and applications of multidimensional chromatographic techniques in food analysis are reviewed. Different aspects related to the existing couplings involving chromatographic techniques are examined. These couplings include multidimensional GC, multidimensional LC, multidimensional SFC as well as all their possible combinations. Main advantages and drawbacks of each coupling are critically discussed and their key applications in food analysis described.