卡拉胶的制备,性质及应用研究

卡拉胶的制备、性质及应用研究柏云杉（盐城职业大学江苏２２４００２）卡拉胶（Ｃａｒｒａｇｅｅｎａｎ）是从海藻中提取出来的一种多糖，其结构根据原料来源不同而不同，可溶于热水，不溶于乙醇、异丙醇等，基本骨架是α－１，３和β－１，４苷键支替联结形成的半乳聚糖...     

λ-卡拉胶有限水解物在蛋白质置换层析分离中的应用研究

λ－卡拉胶经过有限酸水解得到不同平均分子量的组分，选用平均分子量为21kDa的组分，作为蛋白质置换层析的置换制，用于纤维素酶的分离纯化。经过置换层析，使黑色葡萄状穗霉S607发酵液中难以通过常规的分子筛和离子交换层析分离的一个内切酶组分（EGⅢ）和一个β－葡萄糖苷酶组分得到较好的分离。     

不同提取方法所得褐藻糖胶的理化性质比较

通过各种理化性质的测定,对不同提取方法所得褐藻糖胶进行了分析,乙醇沉淀法的测定结果为:总糖含量(76.00±9.00)%、硫酸根含量(11.33±0.47)%、岩藻糖含量(35.60±4.20)%、重均/数均分子量(3.42×104)/(1.21×104);高分子电解质沉淀法的测定结果为:总糖含量(70.00±11.00)%、硫酸根含量(10.80±0.58)%、岩藻糖含量(35.15±2.85)%、重均/数均分子量(1.15×105)/(5.88×104)。高分子电解质沉淀法所得褐藻糖胶粗品和纯化后褐藻糖胶,其高分子电解质残留量分别为(0.12±0.038)%和(0.022±0.002)%。结果表明,乙醇沉淀法所得产品质量优于高分子电解质沉淀法,但是高分子电解质沉淀法具有工艺简单、成本低,更适于工业化生产等优点。     

氧化石墨烯增强卡拉胶复合膜的制备与性能

在Hummers法基础上制得了氧化石墨烯(GO), 采用流延法制备了氧化石墨烯/κ-卡拉胶(GO/κ-Car)复合膜材料. 结合红外光谱、 扫描电子显微镜及热重分析对其结构进行表征. 探讨了不同条件所得膜的成膜性、 溶解性、 透气性和力学性能, 得到性质稳定GO/κ-Car复合膜的制备条件为15.0 g 3%的κ-Car溶液、0.040 g GO粉末及5.0 g 8%的PVA溶液于75 ℃搅拌混合5 h后, 流延铺平, 于30 ℃烘干6.5 h. GO质量分数为5%的GO/κ-Car复合膜的最大负荷、 拉伸强度及杨氏模量分别是对照组κ-Car膜的1.5倍、 1.5倍和1.6倍. 同时, GO/κ-Car复合膜具有较强的透气性能, 且保留了κ-Car清除羟基自由基的生物性能.     

有机化合物的结构-活性/性质相关性研究-三个新的拓扑指数及应用其应用

本文提出三个拓扑指数A~m1, A~m2, A~m3, 并将它们用于预报有机化合物的物理化学性质、生物活性, 取得了较为满意的结果。     

有机化合物的结构-活性/性质相关性研究-三个新的拓扑指数及应用其应用

本文提出三个拓扑指数A~m1, A~m2, A~m3, 并将它们用于预报有机化合物的物理化学性质、生物活性, 取得了较为满意的结果。     

电拓扑状态指数在有机污染物理化性质和毒理学性质预测中的应用

电拓扑状态指数既表征了各原子在分子中的拓扑信息,也描述了分子中所有原子之间的电性关系.本文概述了电拓扑状态指数的原理和特点,描述了电拓扑状态指数在预测有机污染物理化性质及毒理学性质中的应用.对建立的定量构效关系/定量结构性质关系(QSAR/QSPR)模型的分析表明,有机污染物的沸点、色谱保留指数、溶解度等理化性质以及生物毒性、生物降解性与电拓扑状态指数均具有良好的相关性.     

生物高分子黄原胶的性能、应用与功能化

讨论了黄原胶生物大分子的结构与性能关系，从有关黄原胶的性能、开发应用以及在抗菌素药物负载与控择、分散稳定与防腐作用，及其与有机硅化合物配伍制备消泡表面活性材料等，进行功能化改性方面，综述了近20年来国内外研究状况，并探讨了开展生物高分子黄原胶应用与开发研究的思路。     

葵花籽油贮藏过程理化性质与LF-NMR弛豫特性的相关性

该文主要对葵花籽油分别在25、65℃避光贮藏过程的理化性质及其低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)弛豫特性的变化规律进行了研究,建立并验证了理化指标与LF-NMR检测结果的相关性模型。结果表明:65℃贮藏时,油样的过氧化值(PV)、共轭二烯值(K232)、共轭三烯值(K270)、p-茴香胺值(p-AV)、总极性化合物(TPC)含量及峰面积比例(S21、S22)随时间延长呈指数关系增加(r20.93),而S23峰及单组分弛豫时间(T2W)则随时间延长呈指数减小趋势(r20.98),通过多元回归分析可建立理化指标与弛豫特性间的相关性模型(r20.94)。25℃贮藏过程中理化性质及其LF-NMR弛豫特性的变化程度均相对较小,但PV、K232及TPC含量仍与贮藏时间呈良好的线性增大关系(r20.95),其余理化指标及LF-NMR弛豫特性则无明显的规律性变化,相关性模型亦较差。     

毛细管电泳法在测定蛋白多肽理化特性中的应用

蛋白质是生命物质基础,蛋白质性质和功能研究是生命科学现在和将来的研究热点之一。理化特性参数是分离、鉴定多肽或蛋白质的基础,已成为蛋白质组学重要研究内容之一。毛细管电泳是将电泳和色谱有机地结合在一起的快速分离技术,分离机制涉及到物质的荷电、分子空间结构和大小、扩散特性、相互作用等理化性质。通过对样品的定量分析或不同条件下迁移时间的变化,利用理化参数与浓度或迁移时间的定量关系,可以计算出多肽或蛋白质的理化特性参数。本文对近年来毛细管电泳测定蛋白质或多肽理化特性原理和方法进行了综述。     

Production of a Bioemulsifier with Potential Application in the Food Industry

Biosurfactants are of considerable interest due to their biodegradability, low degree of toxicity, and diverse applications. However, the high production costs involved in the acquisition of biosurfactants underscore the need for optimization of the production process to enable viable application on an industrial scale. The aims of the present study were to select a species of Candida that produces a biosurfactant with the greatest emulsifying potential and to investigate the influence of components of the production medium and cultivation conditions. Candida utilis achieved the lowest surface tension (35.53 mN/m), best emulsification index (73 %), and highest yield (12.52 g/l) in a medium containing waste canola frying oil as the carbon source and ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source. The best combination of medium components and cultivation conditions was 6 % (w/v) glucose, 6 % (w/v) waste canola frying oil, 0.2 % (w/v) ammonium nitrate, 0.3 % (w/v) yeast extract, 150 rpm, 1 % inoculum (w/v), and 88 h of fermentation. The greatest biosurfactant production and the lowest surface tension were achieved in the first 24 h of production, and the maximum biomass production was recorded at 72 h. The biosurfactant produced from C. utilis under the conditions investigated in the present study has a potential to be a bioemulsifier for application in the food industry.     

化学文化的特征分析及教育应用

高中化学新课程的一个基本理念是要“在人类文化背景下构建化学课程体系”,为了彰显化学的文化特点,从科学是一种文化入手,分析了化学也是一种文化,化学的文化特征是科学和人文的统一;文化视野下的化学教育也应该是科学教育和人文教育的统一,是一种全面的化学教育。     

Application of Guar Gum and its Derivatives as Green Binder/Separator for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries

Since their first commercialization in the 1990s,lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become an indispensible part of our everyday life in particular for portable electronic devices. LIBs have been considered as the most promising sustainable high energy density storage device. In recent years, there is a strong demand of LIBs for hybrid electric and electric vehicles to lower carbon footprint and mitigate climate change. However, LIBs have several issues, for example, high cost and safety issues such as over discharge, intolerance to overcharge, high temperature operation etc. To address these issues several new types of electrodes are being studied. Traditional binder PVDF is costly, difficult to recyle, undergoes side reactions at high temperature and cannot stabilize high energy density electrodes. To overcome these challenges, diiferent binders have been introduced with these electrodes. This minireview is focused on the application of guar gum as a binder for different electrodes and separator. The electrochemical performance of electrodes with guar gum has been compared with other binders.     

Newly Isolated Lactic Acid Bacteria with Probiotic Features for Potential Application in Food Industry

Five newly isolated lactic acid bacteria were identified as Weissella cibaria, Enterococcus faecium, and three different strains of Lactobacillus plantarum by 16S rRNA sequencing. Essential probiotic requirements of these isolates such as tolerance to phenol, low pH, high sodium chloride, and bile salt concentration were checked. Efficiency in adherence to mucin and hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell were also evaluated by in vitro studies. Antimicrobial activities against some pathogens were tried, and the sensitivity of these strains against 25 different antibiotics was also checked. Further studies revealed Weissella and Enterococcus as substantial producers of folic acid. Folate is involved as a cofactor in many metabolic reactions, and it has to be an essential component in the human diet. The folate level in the fermented samples was determined by microbiological assay using Lactobacillus casei NCIM 2364 as indicator strain. The three strains of L. plantarum showed significant inhibitory activity against various fungi that commonly contaminate food stuffs indicating their potential as a biopreservative of food material.     

浅谈黄原胶及其在农药制剂加工中的应用

黄原胶是极具发展潜力的生物多糖,独特的分子结构使其具有良好的增稠、乳化和稳定作用,已被广泛应用于日用化工、石油开采、纺织印染、食品、医药、涂料、农药等众多工业领域,拥有广阔的市场前景。本文对黄原胶的结构、特性、生产工艺以及主要应用领域等进行了简单综述,总结了黄原胶在农药制剂加工中的应用现状,指出黄原胶优越的流变特性对悬浮剂、水乳剂、悬乳剂等农药制剂悬浮稳定性的提高具有重大意义,最后展望了黄原胶未来的发展前景。     

Application of a Laser Diffraction Method for Determination of Stability of Dispersion Systems in Food and Chemical Industry

Laser diffraction was used for determination of particle size of various emulsions. Mean particle size, fractions' number, and dispersion coefficients of tested systems are presented. Stability of greasing emulsions in relation to their pH was also tested. It was found out that determination of droplet size distribution in fat emulsions allows prediction of their properties (stability). The parameter may be helpful in selection of appropriate production process parameters, composition, and control of marketed emulsion systems during their storage. The purpose of the study was to determine applicability of a laser diffraction method for evaluation of stability of selected dispersion systems in food and chemical industry.     

Ecological Aspects of Application of Tetraene Macrolide Antibiotic Tetramycin in Agriculture and Food Industry (A Review)

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Published data on the preparation, physicochemical properties, chemical structure, and biological activity of tetraene macrolide antibiotic tetramycin were...     

两性瓜尔胶衍生物溶液的流变特征

借助旋转粘度计研究了一种两性瓜尔胶衍生物(E-AMPHO-S)溶液的流变特征，考察了衍生物浓度、外加盐和温度对E-AMPHO-S溶液流变性能的影响.发现在实验条件下， E-AMPHO-S溶液呈非牛顿流体特征，具有剪切变稀特性；随改性瓜尔胶浓度增大， E-AMPHO-S溶液具有增强的触变性质；在一定浓度盐溶液中， E-AMPHO-S可表现出明显的反聚电解质溶液粘性行为；E-AMPHO-S溶液的零切粘度可由Spencer-Dillon方程外推得出，其与温度的依赖关系服从Arrhenius公式.     

田菁胶、羟丙基田菁胶和瓜胶的分子量及其分布研究

用凝胶色谱（ＧＰＣ）法测定了羟丙基田菁胶（ＨＰＳ）、田菁胶（ＳＧ）和瓜胶原粉（ＧＧ）三种样品的分子量,其重均分子量顺序Ｍ＿（ＷＨＰＳ）＞Ｍ＿（ＷＧＧ）＞Ｍ＿（ＷＳＧ）,分子量范围为２．３×１０￣５～３．４×１０￣５,分散系数关系为Ｄ＿（ＨＰＳ）＝Ｄ＿（ＳＧ）＞Ｄ＿（ＧＧ）,并讨论了聚糖的多分散性与产品性能的关系。