超声波提取川贝母黄酮类物质的工艺优化

采用超声波提取技术提取川贝母中的黄酮类物质.考察了超声功率、乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声时间和超声温度各因素对黄酮类物质提取效率的影响.在超声功率800 W条件下,通过L_9(3~4)正交试验,确定了川贝母黄酮类物质的超声波最佳提取工艺参数:超声功率为800 W,乙醇体积分数为80%,料液比为1 g∶45 mL,超声时间为2.0 h,超声温度为45℃.在最佳提取工艺条件下进行验证试验,川贝母黄酮类物质的提取率达到77.13 mg/g,RSD值为0.39%.     

高效液相色谱法测定茶饮料中的黄酮类化合物

建立了茶饮料中六种黄酮类化合物的高效液相色谱检测方法。流动相采用梯度洗脱。结果表明芦丁、漆黄素、木犀草素、芹菜素在0.025~20 mg·L-1范围内呈现良好线性关系,桑色素、槲皮素在0.050~20 mg·L-1范围内呈现良好线性关系。加标回收率在84.5%~107.5%。该方法精密度良好(六种黄酮类化合物的相对标准偏差均不大于3.2%),检测限为6.2~34μg·L-1。该方法简便,灵敏、重现性好,可用于同时分析茶饮料中的黄酮化合物。     

羟丙基-β-环糊精毛细管胶束电动色谱法测定密蒙花中的芹菜素和木犀草素

通过优化缓冲溶液pH和浓度、SDS浓度和β-CD等条件,建立了一种HP-β-CD毛细管胶束电动色谱法测定密蒙花中的芹菜素和木犀草素的方法。在优化的条件下,2种物质在15min内得到良好分离。木犀草素和芹菜素的峰高和浓度在0．01—0．60g/L范围内成良好线性。2种物质基于迁移时间和峰高的相对标准偏差分别为1．2％、1．9％和2．5％、2．8％。检出限分别为0．005和0．0045g／L。     

柿皮黄色素主要成分的鉴别及提取工艺条件的选择

用显色反应检测及UV-VIS-分光光度法确定了柿皮黄色素的主要成分为类胡萝卜色素。探讨了从柿子皮中提取天然黄色素的工艺。研究了提取剂的类型、料液比、浸提温度、时间、次数等因素对柿皮黄色素提取的影响。通过正交试验,确定了最佳提取工艺：浸提料液比为1g：20mL,浸提温度60℃,浸提时间2.5h,浸提次数为2次,此条件下提取率为80．74mg／100g。     

山楂果和桑枝提取物中总黄酮含量的Fe(phen)2+3探针共振瑞利散射法测定

在pH值约为8.0的BR缓冲介质中,桑色素、槲皮素和芦丁等黄酮类物质能与Fe(phen)2+3反应形成离子缔合物,此时将引起共振瑞利散射(RRS)显著增强,最大RRS波长均位于310 nm. 在一定范围内散射强度(ΔI)与黄酮类物质的浓度成正比,据此可以建立用Fe(phen)2+3测定某些黄酮类物质的新RRS法. 对桑色素、槲皮素和芦丁的检出限(3σ/K)分别为1.25×10-7 mol/L(37.74 μg/L),1.80×10-7 mol/L(54.42 μg/L),2.72×10-7 mol/L(167.30 μg/L). 研究了反应的适宜条件和影响因素,考察了共存物质的影响. 结果表明,方法有较好的选择性.分别以芦丁和桑色素为对照品测定了中药材山楂果和桑枝中的总黄酮含量,对反应机理进行了初步探讨.     

山楂果和桑枝提取物中总黄酮含量的Fe（phen）3^2＋探针共振瑞利散射法测定

在pH值约为8.0的BR缓冲介质中,桑色素、槲皮素和芦丁等黄酮类物质能与Fe（phen）32＋反应形成离子缔合物,此时将引起共振瑞利散射（RRS）显著增强,最大RRS波长均位于310 nm。在一定范围内散射强度（ΔI）与黄酮类物质的浓度成正比,据此可以建立用Fe（phen）3^2＋测定某些黄酮类物质的新RRS法。对桑色素、槲皮素和芦丁的检出限（3σ/K）分别为1.25×10^-7mol/L（37.74μg/L）,1.80×10^-7mol/L（54.42μg/L）,2.72×10^-7mol/L（167.30μg/L）。研究了反应的适宜条件和影响因素,考察了共存物质的影响。结果表明,方法有较好的选择性。分别以芦丁和桑色素为对照品测定了中药材山楂果和桑枝中的总黄酮含量,对反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

液相色谱-线性离子阱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱测定蜂胶中9种黄酮类物质

本文利用线性离子阱-静电场轨道阱(LTQ-Orbitrap)高分辨质谱,配合全自动筛选应用软件ToxID可以对大量数据进行高通量分析的特点,建立了蜂胶中杨梅酮、乔松素、芹菜素、苛因、山奈素、高良姜素、槲皮素、芦丁、桑黄素9种黄酮类物质的快速筛选和确证方法。样品使用无水乙醇提取,采用Waters xselect HSS T3色谱柱(100×3.0mm,3.5μm),以乙腈-0.1%乙酸溶液为流动相,FT正离子扫描模式进行质谱检测,外标法定量。结果表明,该方法对以上除杨梅酮外8种黄酮类化合物的线性范围为0.5~50μg/mL,杨梅酮的线性范围为1.0~50μg/mL,相关系数(r)均大于0.99。在625mg/kg、1 250mg/kg、2 500mg/kg 3个添加水平的回收率为78.7%~93.3%,相对标准偏差为7.10%~12.65%。     

NAK-12树脂脱除蚕蛹复合氨基酸异味及褐变物质的研究

本文研究了用NAK－12吸附树脂脱除蚕蛹复合氨基酸异味及褐变色素的条件，初步分析了蚕蛹复合氨基酸异味产生的原因，实验结果表明：当流速为3BV／h时，1ml NAK-12吸附树脂能吸附1．75g蚕蛹复合氨基酸中的异味物质；能吸附1．45g蚕蛹复合氨基酸中的褐变物质。甲醇是异味物质和褐变物质的良好洗脱剂，用pH1．0的甲醇以1BV／h流速洗脱，仅用3．5BV的洗脱剂即可完全洗脱异味物质和褐变物质，蚕蛹复合氨基酸异味产生的可能机理是：加热蚕蛹复合氨基酸液时，其苯丙氨酸，蛋氨酸，蛋氨酸，异亮氨酸，亮氨酸，苏氨酸被氧化脱氨，生成挥发性醛，而其褐变则是赖氨酸，精氨酸与还原糖发生Maillard反应生成褐变物质引起的。     

毛细管电泳法测定密蒙花中的橙皮素、木犀草素和芹菜素

建立了毛细管电泳法分析密蒙花中橙皮素、木犀草素和芹菜素的方法,研究了缓冲溶液pH和浓度、工作电压和进样时间以及β CD的影响。在优化的条件下,3种物质在15min内得到良好分离。橙皮素、木犀草素和芹菜素的质量浓度分别在0.01～0.50mg mL、0.02～0.70mg mL、0.04～0.80mg mL范围内与峰高成良好线性,线性相关系数分别为0.9992、0.9994和0.9984。3种物质基于迁移时间和峰高的相对标准偏差分别为1 3%、2 2%、2 6%和4 2%、3 7%、4 6%。检出限分别为3 5、4 5和5 0μg mL。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定垃圾焚烧飞灰中的金属含量

采用NHO3＋HF＋H2O2体系微波消解垃圾焚烧飞灰,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定金属Cu,Fe,Pb,Ni,Mn,Cr和Cd的含量。结果表明,飞灰中Cu质量分数为0．8927mg／g,Pb质量分数为1．8490mg／g,Ni质量分数为0．1523mg／g,Mn质量分数为1．1033mg/g,Fe质量分数为86．4517mg／g,Cr质量分数为0．3667mg／g,Cd质量分数为0．0581mg／g。铁的检测限为3．9041mg／L,其它元素均小于1mg／L,加标回收率在98．0％-108．0％之间。RSD〈4．0％。该法简便快速,具有较好的准确度和精密度,测定结果为处理垃圾焚烧所产生的飞灰提供了理论依据。     

Extraction and HPLC determination of the ascorbic acid content of three indigenous spice plants

Three sample preparation methods (wet grinding followed by centrifugation, ultrasonic-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted solvent extraction) for extracting ascorbic acid (AA) from parsley, dill and celery were evaluated. AA was extracted into 8% aqueous solutions of acetic acid, metaphosphoric acid and trichloroacetic acid, respectively. An efficient and precise high-performance liquid chromatography method was used for detecting AA. The best extraction technique was ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and acetic acid was the best extractant. A new and original pulse microwave-extraction procedure for AA extraction was also developed. Ascorbate from the plant extracts obtained was quantified and the linearity, precision, recovery, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were studied. LOD and LOQ were 0.2 and 0.22 mg/L for the established method, respectively. The mean recovery ranged from 90.7 to 102.3% with higher variation in the case of celery. Parsley contains the highest amount of ascorbic acid (264 mg AA/100 g of fresh plant), followed by dill (121 mg AA/100 g of fresh plant) and celery (103 mg AA/100 g of fresh plant).     

Detection of the food allergen celery via loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique

Since 2005, celery and celery products have to be labeled according to Directive 2003/89/EC due to their allergenic potential. In order to provide a DNA-based, rapid and simple detection method suitable for high-throughput analysis, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of celery (Apium graveolens) was developed. The assay was tested for specificity for celery since closely related species also hold food relevance. The limit of detection (LOD) for spiked food samples was found to be as low as 7.8 mg of dry celery powder per kilogram. An evaluation of different amplification and detection platforms was performed to show reliable detection independent from the instrument used for amplification (thermal cycler or heating block) and detection mechanisms (real-time fluorescence detection, agarose gel electrophoresis or nucleic acid staining). The analysis of 10 commercial food samples representing diverse and complex food matrices, and a false-negative rate of 0 % for approximately 24 target copies or 0.08 ng celery DNA for three selected food matrices show that LAMP has the potential to be used as an alternative strategy for the detection of allergenic celery. The performance of the developed LAMP assay turned out to be equal or superior to the best available PCR assay for the detection of celery in food products.     

湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱法测定农产品中汞含量

建立了湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱仪测定农产品中汞含量的方法。选取大米和芹菜作为实验样品,对消解酸体系(硝酸、硝酸-过氧化氢、硝酸-高氯酸)、消解温度(100、110、120、130、140℃)和消解时间(30、45、60、90 min)等条件进行探讨,确定最佳实验条件,并与常规微波消解效果进行对比。结果表明,优化后的硝酸-高氯酸体系条件下120℃消解30 min,方法在0~2μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996,方法检出限为0.001 mg/kg,精密度为2.4%~3.9%。两种消解方法对于大米和芹菜质控样的测定值基本一致,均在质控样范围。相较于常规微波前处理方法,简化了样品前处理流程,提高了工作效率,可为农产品汞含量检测提供可靠的方法支撑。     

Furanocoumarins in celery and parsnips: method and multiyear Canadian survey

The natural occurrence of biologically active furanocoumarins in common vegetables is an area of increasing interest with respect to human health. In this study, an efficient, rugged, and sensitive liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet photodiode array detection was developed for the estimation of 5 biologically active furanocoumarins (psoralen, bergapten, xanthotoxin, trioxsalen, and angelicin) in celery and parsnips. When authentic samples were spiked with a mixture of furanocoumarins at individual levels of 2 to 10 microg/g, the method produced overall recoveries of 77 and 75% of all furanocoumarins from celery and parsnips, respectively. The method was applied in 2 laboratories to a multiyear survey of more than 200 samples. Of 110 parsnips samples, 109 (99%) contained quantitatable levels of furanocoumarins. The mean level of total furanocoumarins in the positive parsnip samples was 15.1 microg/g; the maximum level detected was 145 microg/g. Of 114 celery samples, 88 (77%) contained quantitatable levels of furanocoumarins. The mean level of total furanocoumarins in the positive celery samples was 1.9 microg/g; the maximum level detected was 15.2 microg/g. Xanthotoxin and bergapten were the most commonly detected furanocoumarins in both celery (68 and 63%) and parsnips (97 and 96%). Xanthotoxin had the highest mean level of positives in both celery (1.3 microg/g) and parsnips (8.5 microg/g). Little year-to-year variation in either total furanocoumarin levels or incidence was noted.     

SYBR green real-time PCR used to detect celery in food

Celery was found to provoke human allergenic response in some countries. Labeling of celery ingredients was required by the European Union, and the threshold set at 10 mg/kg (0.001%). In our study, a celery mannitol transporter (Mat3) gene-based detection method was established by means of SYBR Green real-time PCR technique. No cross-reactivity was found between celery and the other food materials. Absolute detection limit (LODa), relative detection limit (LODr), and practical detection limit (LODp) of the method were determined through experiments on pure celery DNA, DNA mix, and spiked food samples. The method was able to detect 0.001% raw food sample and 0.01% heated food sample. The utility of the method was confirmed by the investigation of 13 commercial foods.     

芹菜、草莓基质对甲胺磷等4种有机磷农药测定的影响

研究芹菜、草莓基质对甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧化乐果、毒死蜱4种有机磷农药检测的影响。利用样品基质溶液配制标准样品,对比草莓、芹菜样品、丙酮溶液中4种农药的保留时间、峰形、峰面积。结果发现DB–5MS色谱柱上,丙酮溶液、芹菜基质、草莓基质中甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧化乐果色谱峰出峰时间不完全重合,保留时间最大漂移0.1 min。丙酮溶剂、芹菜基质较草莓基质中的甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧化乐果更容易出现峰拖尾现象,且芹菜基质溶液中相同浓度的甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷峰面积分别约是草莓基质溶液中的75%,90%。毒死蜱的保留时间、峰形、响应面积在草莓基质、芹菜基质、丙酮溶液中基本一样。     

甜樱桃色素的提取及抗氧化活性

采用溶剂浸提法从成熟甜樱桃中提取了甜樱桃色素,并通过C18柱分离纯化,HPLC／光电二极管阵列检测器分析色素的主要成分,同时测定了甜樱桃色素体外清除二苯代苦味肼基自由基（DPPH）和羟基自由基的活性．结果表明,甜樱桃色素含有新绿原酸和对-香豆酰奎宁酸两个主要成分,对DPPH和·OH自由基具有较强的清除能力,且随色素浓度的增大而增强．研究认为,甜樱桃色素是一种具有良好抗氧化活性的功能性天然色素．     

苯醚甲环唑在芹菜及其土壤中的残留测定和消解动态研究

采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测, 对芹菜及其土壤中的苯醚甲环唑消解动态和最终残留量进行了研究, 评价了苯醚甲环唑在芹菜上使用后的残留行为和环境安全性. 苯醚甲环唑在芹菜及土壤中的残留消解动态均符合一级动力学方程, 苯醚甲环唑在芹菜上消解快; 苯醚甲环唑最终残留量与施药的剂量、施药次数及采样的间隔时间有关; 水解研究表明, 苯醚甲环唑是稳定的农药, 在不同温度和不同pH的研究条件下水解半衰期均大于166 d, 碱性条件更有利于苯醚甲环唑的降解.     

柚皮中总黄酮的提取及对羟自由基的清除作用

为充分利用柚皮资源,避免资源的浪费,探讨柚皮中总黄酮的提取、鉴别及对羟自由基清除作用,采用超声波乙醇浸提法从柚皮中提取黄酮类物质,并对所提取的黄酮类物质进行了验证和用分光光度法测定了其含量,对柚皮中总黄酮对羟自由基的清除作用进行了试验。结果表明,测得样品中总黄酮的含量为0.340 0 mg/mL,回收率为99.7%,其纯度和产率均较高。该法采用全物理过程,无任何污染,是提取柚皮中黄酮类物质的有效途径。柚皮中总黄酮提取液对Fen-ton体系产生的.OH自由基有很好的清除作用。     

内蒙古地区天然植物沙棘果中黄色素的提取工艺及性质研究

以内蒙古地区沙棘果实为原料，研究了提取黄色素的工艺条件，同时对该色素的性质进行了初步探讨。结果表明，以95％的乙醇溶液作浸提剂，提取的黄色素浓度最高，工艺流程简单易行，且无毒，无污染。对提取的黄色素进行的性质试验表明，沙棘黄色素对光、热具有较好的稳定性，适用于酸性或弱碱性的食品中，葡萄糖、氧化剂(H2O2)、还原剂(Na2SO3)等食品添加剂均无明显影响以上结果为这种优良天然色素的开发与应用提供了参考。