基于石墨烯和二氧化钒的太赫兹宽带可调谐超材料吸收器

太赫兹超材料吸收器作为一种重要的太赫兹功能器件,被广泛应用于生物医学传感、电磁隐身、军用雷达等多个领域.但这种传统的超材料吸收器结构具有可调谐性差、功能单一、性能指标不足等缺点,已经无法满足复杂多变的电磁环境的要求,因此可调谐超材料吸收器逐渐成为了太赫兹功能器件领域的研究热点.为实现超材料吸收器吸收特性的调谐,通常从调...     

Performance improvement of organic light emitting diode using 4,4$$^{\prime }$$-N,N$$^{\prime }$$-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) layer over fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) surface with doped light emitting region

A metallic fishnet metamaterial structure in sub-THz region is presented. The proposed structure is based on hexagonal resonators. Simulations have been performed by a 3D full-wave electromagnetic simulator and a negative refractive index has been observed at the frequency range between 0.55 and 0.70 THz with the help of the graphene layer. In order to observe the effect of the graphene layer, the metamaterial structure has been simulated and examined before and after graphene integration. Significant modification in the propagation properties has been observed after the graphene integration. Change in S-parameters with the size variation of hexagonal resonators and alteration in graphene thickness are also presented as a parametric study to show the tunability of the structure. Suitability of the metamaterial for sensor applications has been investigated. The proposed metamaterial structure is promising to be effectively used for tunability and sensor applications.     

基于石墨烯振幅可调的宽带类电磁诱导透明超材料设计

基于石墨烯的电控特性提出了一种由金属线谐振器和"H"型谐振器组成的宽带可调的类电磁诱导透明(类EIT)超材料结构.首先,利用CST Microwave Studio软件对该超材料结构的透射特性进行了仿真.该结构在1.05—1.46 THz内的透射窗由金属线谐振器的等离子谐振和"H"型谐振器的电感-电容谐振干涉相消引起,且暗模式谐振器的数量增多导致了透射窗带宽的增加.其次,仿真模拟了该结构在不同石墨烯费米能级下的透射特性.当石墨烯费米能级由0 eV逐渐增加到1.5 eV时,该结构透射窗在1.05—1.46 THz内的平均透射振幅由87%逐渐减少到25%,实现了宽带可调.同时,通过仿真模拟该结构在1.26 THz下的电场分布对其透射机理进行了分析,并实验制备了类EIT超材料结构样品,且利用太赫兹时域光谱对样品进行了透射性能测试,测试结果与仿真分析的趋势基本一致.     

Tunable electromagnetically induced transparency at terahertz frequencies in coupled graphene metamaterial

A graphene-based metamaterial with tunable electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)-like transmission is numerically studied in this paper. The proposed structure consists of a graphene layer composed of coupled cut-wire pairs printed on a substrate. The simulation confirms that an EIT-like transparency window can be observed due to indirect coupling in a terahertz frequency range. More importantly, the peak frequency of the transmission window can be dynamically controlled over a broad frequency range by varying the Fermi energy levels of the graphene layer through controlling the electrostatic gating. The proposed metamaterial structure offers an additional opportunity to design novel applications such as switches or modulators.     

基于石墨烯的太赫兹波散射可调谐超表面

设计了一个可调谐的太赫兹超表面,由在随机反射超表面基底中嵌入可偏置的双层石墨烯构成,可以实现对太赫兹波散射特性的动态调控.全波仿真试验结果证实了所预期的超表面散射可调性能.通过增大偏置电压提升石墨烯的费米能级,使得该超表面的太赫兹波散射样式从漫反射逐渐向镜面反射过渡,从而实现散射特性的连续调控,且该超表面具有对电磁波极化角度不敏感的特点.这些特性使得该超表面能很好地融合到变化的环境中,在太赫兹隐身方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

Negative refractive index in chiral spiral metamaterials at terahertz frequencies

A three-dimensional chiral metamaterial consisting of arrays of the multi-layered mutually twisted metallic spirals is proposed. We theoretically demonstrate such a chiral spiral structure exhibiting negative refractive index at terahertz frequencies. The chirality with varied refractive index can be obtained by change of configurations of the structure. The presented design offers flexibility for investigation of electromagnetic properties of chiral metamaterials in the terahertz regime and thus leads to a unique route to terahertz device applications.     

An improved fishnet three-dimensional metamaterial with multiband left-handed characteristics at terahertz frequencies

We present the design of a multiband left-handed three-dimensional (3D) metamaterial based on improved fishnet structure at terahertz frequencies. The design realizes a three-dimensional material by mechanical stacking of multiple layers. The electromagnetic properties of the metamaterial have been investigated by numerical simulation. The results show that simultaneously negative values of permittivity, permeability and refractive index are found around the frequencies of 0.73, 0.85 and 1.12 THz for the electromagnetic wave normal incidence. The proposed metamaterial with independent polarization and compact effect offers a way to develop THz 3D materials and devices suitable for multifrequencies.     

Ultracompact and dynamically tunable plasmonic THz switch based on graphene microcavity metamaterial

Optical Review - We propose and discuss a compact and tunable plasmonic terahertz (THz) metamaterial switch based on graphene microcavity. Due to the joint effect of graphene plasmon resonances and...     

Compact multiband left-handed metamaterial at terahertz frequencies

We design and analyze a novel multiband left-handed metamaterial based on a fishnet-like structure at terahertz (THz) frequencies.The metamaterial exhibits simultaneous negative refractions around the frequencies of 0.48,1.05,and 1.19 THz for the electromagnetic (EM) wave normal incidence,and around the frequencies of 0.20,0.79,and 1.13 THz for parallel incidence.The simulated results verify the left-handed properties.A particularly important observation is the capability of the proposed metamaterial with a single geometrical structure to display multifrequency operations in a unit cell.The compact metamaterial is a major step toward the miniaturization of THz materials and devices suitable for multifrequencies.     

Dual-band asymmetric electromagnetic wave transmission for dual polarizations in chiral metamaterial structure

In this paper, we propose a chiral metamaterial structure that enables dual-band asymmetric transmission effect for different linearly polarized electromagnetic waves. The metamaterial is composed of metallic spirals with two split-ring resonators sandwiching a dielectric slab and connecting with via hole. Strong one-way transmission of two orthogonally polarized waves at different frequency bands has been confirmed through both full-wave simulation and test on fabricated prototype at the microwave band. Analysis also shows such asymmetric transmission can be attributed to the induced asymmetric current distributions in the spiral that support strong polarization conversion and cross-polarization transmission. By scaling down the metamaterial structure, the concept could also be utilized at other frequency bands, such as submillimeter or even terahertz band and find applications in designing one-way electromagnetic wave devices or polarization spectral filters.     

太赫兹超材料生物传感器的应用研究进展

太赫兹（THz）波,是指频率范围在0.1～10 THz的电磁波,在电磁波谱中处于红外与微波之间。太赫兹波的光子能量相对于可见光更低,1 THz对应的能量大约只有4.14 meV,意味着这将大大减少对生物体内组织器官的辐射而引起的伤害,不会对生物分子产生电离。因此,该波段在基础科学、人体安检、危险品检测、高速通信和医学成像等领域具有重要的潜在应用价值。但在医药和生物探测的应用中,通常需要检测微量的分析物,这就需要更高的灵敏度和检测的准确度。但是现存的检测方法受到太赫兹波强度检测可靠性不高的影响。基于超材料的生物传感可以通过增强局域电磁谐振,实现亚波长分辨,大大提高了传感器的分辨率与灵敏度,引起了人们的广泛关注。超材料是一种人工设计的周期性结构,通过合理设计可以增强局域电磁谐振响应,实现亚波长分辨,大大提高传感器的分辨率与灵敏度。太赫兹超材料传感器为生物传感领域提供了一种新的检测方法,具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、无标记检测等优点。随着微纳加工技术的快速发展,制作超材料太赫兹传感器的成本不断降低,从而在生物医学领域具有非常大的潜在应用价值。基于超材料的太赫兹传感器的研究已成为目前一个非常热门的国际前沿方向。但是关于太赫兹超材料传感器的最新研究进展未见报道,为此通过大量搜集并整理相关资料,综述了太赫兹超材料传感器在各种生物探测场景中的最新应用,分别从医学诊断、食品安全、农药检测等方面展开介绍。最后,对太赫兹超材料在生物传感器的发展和应用前景进行了总结和展望。该研究将为人们充分掌握太赫兹超材料生物传感器的最新应用进展提供重要参考,同时为太赫兹超材料传感器的发展和应用提供方向性的指导。     

Multi-frequency switch and excellent slow light based on tunable triple plasmon-induced transparency in bilayer graphene metamaterial∗

We propose a novel bilayer graphene terahertz metamaterial composed of double graphene ribbons and double graphene rings to excite a dynamically adjustable triple plasma-induced transparency (PIT) effect. The coupled mode theory (CMT) is used to explain the PIT phenomenon, and the results of the CMT and the finite-difference time-domain simulation show high matching degree. By adjusting the Fermi levels of graphene, we have realized a penta-frequency asynchronous optical switch. The performance of this switch, which is mainly manifested in the maximum modulation depth (MD = 99.97%) and the minimum insertion loss (IL = 0.33 dB), is excellent. In addition, we have studied the slow-light effect of this triple-PIT and found that when the Fermi level of graphene reaches 1.2 eV, the time delay can reach 0.848 ps. Therefore, this metamaterial provides a foundation for the research of multi-frequency optical switches and excellent slow-light devices in the terahertz band.     

Coupled-mode analysis for linear fiber Bragg grating made of metamaterial

We derive the coupled-mode equations for a metamaterial fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The coupled-mode theory describing wave propagation in periodic structures such as FBG is generalized for studying the transmission and reflection of electromagnetic waves through a FBG containing metamaterial layers. This approach shows that the band gap becomes broader in comparison with a conventional FBG. It is observed that the central frequency of the band gap has a shift in regard of changing metamaterial thickness. We verify this investigation through attaining the transmission and reflection spectra of a conventional FBG while we are setting related parameters. Furthermore, this proposed structure can be applied as a tunable filter.     

基于石墨烯编码超构材料的太赫兹波束多功能动态调控

提出了一种基于石墨烯带的太赫兹波段的1 bit编码超构材料,可以实现太赫兹波束的数目、频率、幅度等参数多功能动态调控.该结构由金属薄膜、聚酰亚胺、硅、二氧化硅、石墨烯带组成.通过对石墨烯带施加两种不同的电压,可以实现一定频率范围内相位差接近180?的"0"和"1"数字编码单元,进而构成1 bit动态可控的编码超构材料.全波仿真结果表明,不同序列的编码超构材料能够实现波束数目从单波束、双波束、多波束到宽波束的调控.相同序列的编码超构材料,通过施加石墨烯带的不同电压能够实现宽频段波束频率的偏移.对于000000或者111111周期序列的编码超构材料,通过施加石墨烯带的不同电压还能够实现波束幅度的调控.因此这种基于石墨烯带的编码超构材料为灵活调控太赫兹波提供了一种新的途径,将在雷达隐身、成像、宽带通信等方面具有重要的意义.     

一种基于旋转调谐的超材料

数值仿真研究了一种可调谐的双开口谐振环(DSRR)超材料.在平行入射的电磁波激励下,这种DSRR单元可以在不同的频段分别表现出磁谐振和电谐振.当外加电场E与DSRR的双开口平行时,DSRR受激励得到的磁谐振和电谐振强度最大.随着DSRR超材料沿外加磁场H方向顺时针旋转,其磁谐振和电谐振频率基本保持不变,但谐振强度均发生显著下降,同时对应透射相位的突变也逐渐降低.提出的超材料调谐方法只需要简单地旋转材料,而不需要改变原有超材料单元的结构或者增加额外的激励场,极大地简化了可调谐超材料的制备及应用,在电磁开关、相位调制等方面具有潜在的应用.同时,这种简单的方法有希望应用于更高频段的超材料调谐,可以有效地拓展太赫兹频段和光频段超材料的实际应用.     

石墨烯太赫兹波动态调制的研究进展

石墨烯是一种有着独特电学和光学性质的二维材料,近年来在太赫兹波动态调制的研究中有着广泛的应用。本文主要对基于石墨烯的太赫兹波动态调制器件进行了综述,分析了电调制、光调制和光电混合调制3种调制方法的原理和优缺点,介绍了近几年来将石墨烯应用于太赫兹波动态调制所取得的一系列科研成果,着重对不同器件的调制性能进行了对比,分析了优势和不足。石墨烯可调超材料为实现更快速、高效的太赫兹调制器件提供了新的思路。     

光抽运多层石墨烯太赫兹表面等离子体增益特性的研究

本文建立了光抽运多层石墨烯表面等离子体模型,计算了光抽运多层石墨烯等离子体传播系数的实部和吸收系数,讨论了动量弛豫时间、温度、层数、准费米能级对表面等离子体传播系数的实部和吸收系数的影响.研究结果表明,光抽运多层石墨烯使其动态电导率的实部在太赫兹频段内出现负值时,石墨烯表面等离子体实现增益.通过光抽运剥离层石墨烯和含有底层石墨烯结构表面等离子体传播系数和吸收系数比较,表明光抽运剥离层石墨烯能更有效地实现表面等离子体的增益.同时,在低温下,光抽运具有合适层数的石墨烯比光抽运单层石墨烯能获得更大的表面等离子体增益.     

Optical strong coupling in hybrid metal-graphene metamaterial for terahertz sensing

We propose a terahertz hybrid metamaterial composed of subwavelength metallic slits and graphene plasmonic ribbons for sensing application. This special design can cause the interaction between the plasmon resonances of the metallic slits and graphene ribbons, giving rise to a strong coupling effect and Rabi splitting. Intricate balancing in the strong coupling region can be perturbed by the carrier concentration of graphene, which is subject to the analyte on its surface. Thereby, the detection of analyte can be reflected as a frequency shift of resonance in terahertz transmission spectra. The result shows that this sensor can achieve a theoretical detection limit of 325 electrons or holes per square micrometer. Meanwhile, it also works well as a refractive index sensor with the frequency sensitivity of 485 GHz/RIU. Our results may contribute to design of ultra-micro terahertz sensors.     

0.14 THz双环超材料慢波结构表面波振荡器数值研究

本文研究了一种太赫兹波段双环超材料慢波结构, 并具有同轴引出结构的相对论过模表面波振荡器. 设计了超材料同轴过模慢波结构; 通过色散特性, 进行了模式选择和过模结构电子束电参数和几何参数的设计; 根据超材料同轴慢波结构的特点, 设计了具有同轴引出结构的末端同轴输出段. 粒子模拟结果表明, 在电子束电压为600 kV和电流为1.0 kA, 引导磁场为2.0 T 时, 同轴超材料慢波结构过模表面波振荡器输出稳定单频的0.141 THz电磁波, 峰值功率为316.8 MW.     

石墨烯和对称开口谐振环超材料中可调谐的双等离激元诱导透明现象

提出了由石墨烯和两对对称开口谐振环构成的等离激元诱导透明(PIT)超材料结构,该PIT超材料结构之间的耦合形式为暗-亮-暗模式.通过有限元方法模拟,观察到双PIT透明窗口,通过改变石墨烯的费米能级或者改变开口谐振环的几何参数来动态地调制PIT窗口.理论结果表明,当石墨烯与两对对称的开口谐振环之间的相互作用距离为0.5 μm、石墨烯费米能级为1.5 eV时,可得到最优的双透明窗口.双PIT效应在非线性器件、可调谐传感器、开关和慢光器件等方面有潜在的应用价值.