N-杂环卡宾金属配合物的制备及其在碳-碳多重键硅氢加成反应中的新进展

综述了N-杂环卡宾金属配合物的制备方法,并总结了N-杂环卡宾金属配合物在碳-碳硅氢加成反应中的新进展.     

N-杂环卡宾铂配合物的合成及其在有机反应中的应用

N-杂环卡宾铂配合物作为催化剂广泛应用于诸多有机催化反应,表现出优良的催化性能及稳定的物理、化学性质,在一定程度上解决了传统催化剂使用过程中遇到的稳定性难题,是有机金属催化化学的研究热点之一。本文介绍了近年来N-杂环卡宾铂配合物的合成及其作为催化剂在不饱和化合物(烯烃、炔烃和酮等)硅氢加成反应、烯炔环异构化反应、烯烃氢胺化、烯烃硼化反应和炔烃水化反应等有机反应中的应用研究新成果和进展,分析了N-杂环卡宾铂配合物作为催化剂的催化机理和存在的不足,并对N-杂环卡宾铂配合物作为催化剂的应用前景进行了展望。     

N-杂环卡宾铜配合物在催化领域中的应用进展

N-杂环卡宾已经成为金属有机化学、无机配位化学等领域广泛使用的优良配体,尤其是其过渡金属配合物在催化领域中取得了丰硕的成果。其中N-杂环卡宾铜配合物的相关报道虽然出现较晚,但相比于含Ru、Pd等贵金属催化剂及以有机膦为配体的过渡金属配合物,其不仅有价格低廉、低毒等优势,还在共轭加成、[3+2]环加成等反应中表现出优良的催化活性,成为目前的研究热点。本文总结了近年来N-杂环卡宾铜配合物在催化领域中的研究进展。     

负载型N-杂环卡宾催化剂在有机反应中的最新研究进展

负载型氮杂环卡宾金属催化剂兼具氮杂环卡宾金属配合物和固体催化剂的优势,其具有反应活性高、反应完成后便于分离和重复使用等特点,已被广泛用于催化各类有机反应中.综述了基于有机聚合物、磁性纳米粒子、碳材料和硅材料等不同类型载体制备的负载型氮杂环卡宾金属配合物催化剂的合成与应用的最新研究进展.     

N-杂环卡宾的反应及应用

自从1991年Arduengo第一次分离得到稳定的游离N-杂环卡宾以后,N-杂环卡宾金属络合物的研究在近几年来得到了迅速的发展。N-杂环卡宾的反应性能较高,它们与周期表中几乎所有的元素都能发生反应。N-杂环卡宾金属络合物对许多反应有催化作用,它们是一类有潜在应用价值的催化剂。本文对近年来相关的研究成果进行了综述。     

过渡金属N-杂环卡宾配合物合成*

由于N-杂环卡宾配体（NHCs）的独特性能,N-杂环卡宾过渡金属配合物在均相催化等方面取得了重要应用,但是其合成方法却发展缓慢。本文综述了N-杂环卡宾过渡金属配合物合成方法的最新研究进展,介绍了富电子烯烃裂解反应、游离NHC直接配位反应、配体底物的脱质子原位反应、卡宾加合物热解反应、金属交换转移反应和C2-X（X为甲基、卤原子或氢原子）键氧化加成反应等合成N-杂环卡宾过渡金属配合物的主要方法,此外本课题组还首次发现了金属粉末法,该法可用于规模化合成铁、钴、镍、铜等第一过渡系金属NHC配合物。     

多咪唑盐合成的N-杂环卡宾金属配合物研究进展

N-杂环卡宾金属配合物具有良好的化学稳定性和催化活性,一直是有机化学研究领域中的热点.咪唑盐作为N-杂环卡宾的前体,其制备容易,结构多样的特点为构建拓扑结构的N-杂环卡宾金属配合物提供了基础.主要针对近年来由环状多咪唑盐、非环状多咪唑盐为配体与金属进行组装,或以咪唑盐与P/N配体与金属共同组装,或经过异腈分布合成法形成的具有特殊柱状、笼状、环状、"分子方"和"分子矩形"等结构的多N-杂环卡宾金属配合物的合成,结构及物理化学性质进行归纳总结,并对其研究前景进行了展望.     

氮杂环卡宾催化二氧化碳羧化反应的研究进展

二氧化碳是一种来源丰富的可再生资源,科研工作者一直致力于开发能够高效转化二氧化碳的催化体系。氮杂环卡宾在有机化学中是一类非常重要的催化剂,利用氮杂环卡宾-过渡金属配合物催化实现二氧化碳的高效化学转化受到了人们的广泛关注。本文主要根据氮杂环卡宾-过渡金属配合物进行分类,总结归纳了近年来氮杂环卡宾-过渡金属配合物催化二氧化碳羧化反应的研究进展。     

以联苯为骨架的羟基单咪唑鎓盐的合成

1968年(O)fele Wanzlick首次合成了N-杂环卡宾金属配合物,但是没有引起人们的重视[1-2],直到1991年Arduengo得到了稳定的N-杂环卡宾,才引起化学界的广泛注意与重视[3].随后,Herrmann等人将N-杂环卡宾金属配合物应用在催化领域,如烯烃复分解反应、偶联反应、硅氢化反应、烯烃氢甲酰化反应、炔烃聚合反应、烯烃环丙化反应、芳基硼酸对醛的加成反应、醛的烯丙基化反应等[4].     

官能团化N,C双齿N-杂环卡宾配合物研究进展

综述了官能团化N,C双齿N-杂环卡宾金属配合物研究的最新进展,着重讨论了这些配合物对各种化学反应的催化性能.     

极具潜在应用价值的催化剂——N-杂环卡宾金属配合物

N杂环卡宾的反应性能较高,与周期表中几乎所有的金属都能发生反应形成稳定的配合物.主要阐述了N杂环卡宾的结构与类型,其金属配合物的合成方法及在化学反应中的催化作用和应用前景.     

What difference one double bond makes: Electronic structure of saturated and unsaturated n-heterocyclic carbene ligands in Grubbs 2nd generation-type catalysts

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are a versatile and useful class of ligands that have enjoyed much success over the past few decades in organometallic chemistry. This fact is exemplified most convincingly in Grubbs 2nd generation olefin metathesis catalysts. We explore the electronic impact of the NHC-ligand by decoupling electronic and steric effects through simplified model N-heterocyclic carbenes. Saturated and unsaturated N-heterocyclic carbene ligands give rise to fundamentally different frontier orbitals in these catalysts, suggesting a need to classify them as two electronically distinct ligand classes.     

The first N-heterocyclic carbene-based nickel catalyst for C-S coupling

We have developed the first N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based transition metal catalysts for C-S coupling reactions. Ni-NHC catalysts showed good to excellent activities toward various aryl halides in C-S coupling reactions. The catalytic activities were greatly affected by the electronic and steric properties of the NHC ligands. The new catalysts were inexpensive, easy to synthesize, and environmentally friendly. They could be excellent candidates to replace Pd-organophosphanes for C-S coupling catalysis.     

Ruthenium alkylidenes: modulation of a new class of catalysts for controlled radical polymerization of vinyl monomers

Air-stable and readily available ruthenium benzylidene complexes of the general type [RuCl2(=CHPh)(L)(L')] (L, L' = PCy3 and/or N-heterocyclic carbene) constitute a new class of catalyst precursors for atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate and styrene, and provide an unprecedented example for the involvement of ruthenium alkylidenes in radical reactions. They promote the polymerization of various monomers with good to excellent yields, and in a controlled way with methyl methacrylate and styrene. Variations of their basic structural motif provide insights into the essential parameters responsible for catalytic activity. The ligands L (PCy3 and/or N-heterocyclic carbene) turned out to play a particularly important role in determining the rate of the polymerizations. A similarly pronounced influence is exerted by the substituents on the N-heterocyclic carbene. Our results indicate that the catalysts decompose quickly under ATRP conditions, and polymerizations are mediated by both [RuCl2(=CHPh)(L)(L')] complexes and ruthenium species bereft of the benzylidene moiety, through a pathway in which both tricyclohexylphosphane and/or N-heterocyclic carbene ligands remain bound to the metal center. Polymerization of n-butyl acrylate and vinyl acetate is not controlled and most probably takes place through a redox-initiated free-radical process.     

Protonation of Homoenolate Equivalents Generated by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes

Homoenolate equivalents are generated by Lewis basic N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts and then protonated to generate efficiently saturated esters from unsaturated aldehydes. This reactivity is extended to the generation of β-acylvinyl anions from alkynyl aldehydes. The asymmetric protonation of a homoenolate equivalent generated from a β,β-disubstituted aldehyde can be accomplished with a chiral N-heterocyclic carbene.     

An efficient synthesis of achiral and chiral 1,2,4-triazolium salts: bench stable precursors for N-heterocyclic carbenes

[reaction: see text] The promising utility of triazolyl N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts in umpolung aldehyde chemistry requires a straightforward reliable synthesis from readily available materials. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a variety of triazolyl N-heterocyclic carbene precursors. The reactions commence from commercially available amino acids and proceed in 44-68% overall yields. The N-heterocyclic salts are air-stable crystalline solids that can be stored with no special precaution and can generate the active catalyst when treated with an appropriate base.     

Highly Active Ruthenium Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis: The Synergy of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Coordinatively Labile Ligands

Two N-heterocyclic carbene ligands at once may be one too many , at least if you intend to have highly active ruthenium catalysts for olefin metathesis. Density functional calculations recommend the replacement of the second carbene ligand in the successful ROMP catalysts 1 by coordinatively more labile ligands as in 2 or 3 . In both cases, the catalytic activity is greatly improved.     

Coinage metal complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands as selective catalysts in diboration reaction

We describe the improved catalytic reactivity of terminal alkenes with 1,2-diboranes in the presence of Au(I) and Ag(I) complexes when N-heterocyclic carbene ligands are used. The new catalytic systems are able to diminish the undesired β-H-elimination of the alkylboryl–metal intermediates, which leads to the formation of hydroborated byproducts. The electronic properties and molecular the structure of the precursors of the catalysts could explain the modest asymmetric induction provided.