TESTING OF CORRELATION AND HETEROSCEDASTICITY IN NONLINEAR REGRESSION MODELS WITH DBL（p,q, 1） RANDOM ERRORS

Chaos theory has taught us that a system which has both nonlinearity and random input will most likely produce irregular data. If random errors are irregular data, then random error process will raise nonlinearity （Kantz and Schreiber （1997））. Tsai （1986） introduced a composite test for autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity in linear models with AR（1） errors. Liu （2003） introduced a composite test for correlation and heteroscedasticity in nonlinear models with DBL（p, 0, 1） errors. Therefore, the important problems in regression model axe detections of bilinearity, correlation and heteroscedasticity. In this article, the authors discuss more general case of nonlinear models with DBL（p, q, 1） random errors by score test. Several statistics for the test of bilinearity, correlation, and heteroscedasticity are obtained, and expressed in simple matrix formulas. The results of regression models with linear errors are extended to those with bilinear errors. The simulation study is carried out to investigate the powers of the test statistics. All results of this article extend and develop results of Tsai （1986）, Wei, et al （1995）, and Liu, et al （2003）.     

FULL DISCRETE TWO-LEVEL CORRECTION SCHEME FOR NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

In this paper, a full discrete two-level scheme for the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations based on a time dependent projection approach is proposed. In the sense of the new projection and its related space splitting, non-linearity is treated only on the coarse level subspace at each time step by solving exactly the standard Galerkin equation while a linear equation has to be solved on the fine level subspace to get the final approximation at this time step. Thus, it is a two-level based correction scheme for the standard Galerkin approximation. Stability and error estimate for this scheme are investigated in the paper.     

Fixed Point Theorem of {a,b,c} Contraction and Nonexpansive Type Mappings in Weakly Cauchy Normed Spaces

Let C be a closed convex weakly Cauchy subset of a normed space X. Then we define a new {a,b,c} type nonexpansive and {a,b,c} type contraction mapping T from C into C. These types of mappings will be denoted respectively by {a,b,c}-ntype and {a,b,c}-ctype. We proved the following： 1. If T is {a,b,c}-ntype mapping, then inf{ ｜｜ T（x）-x｜｜ ：x C C} =0, accordingly T has a unique fixed point. Moreover, any sequence {Xn}n∈NN in C with limn→∞｜｜T（xn） - Xn｜｜ = 0 has a subsequence strongly convergent to the unique fixed point of T. 2. If T is {a,b,c}-ctype mapping, then T has a unique fixed point. Moreover, for any x∈C the sequence of iterates {Tn （x）}n∈N has subsequence strongly convergent to the unique fixed point of T. This paper extends and generalizes some of the results given in [2,4, 7] and [13].     

BIOLUMINESCENCE TOMOGRAPHY： BIOMEDICAL BACKGROUND,MATHEMATICAL THEORY,AND NUMERICAL APPROXIMATION

Over the last couple of years molecular imaging has been rapidly developed to study physiological and pathological processes in vivo at the cellular and molecular levels. Among molecular imaging modalities, optical imaging stands out for its unique advantages, especially performance and cost-effectiveness. Bioluminescence tomography （BLT） is an emerging optical imaging mode with promising biomedical advantages. In this survey paper, we explain the biomedical significance of BLT, summarize theoretical results on the analysis and numerical solution of a diffusion based BLT model, and comment on a few extensions for the study of BLT.     

Difference Equation for N-body Type Problemof Business and Technology,Yantai, Shandong, 264005

In this paper, the difference equation for N-body type problem is established, which can be used to find the generalized solutions by computing the critical points numerically. And its validity is testified by an example from Newtonian Threebody problem with unequal masses.     

Projections,Birkhoff Orthogonality and Angles in Normed Spaces

Let X be a Minkowski plane, i.e., a real two dimensional normed linear space. We use projections to give a definition of the angle Aq（x, y） between two vectors x and y in X, such that x is Birkhoff orthogonal to y if and only if Aq（x,y）=π/2. Some other properties of this angle are also discussed.     

Regularity of the inverse of a homeomorphism with finite inner distortion

Let f:Ω→ f(Ω) R~n be a W~(1,1)-homeomorphism with L~1-integrable inner distortion.We show that finiteness of min{lip_f(x),k_f/(x)},for every x ∈Ω\E,implies that f~(-1) ∈ W~(1,n)and has finite distortion,provided that the exceptional set E has cr-finite H~1-measure.Moreover,/ has finite distortion,differentiable a.e.and the Jacobian J_f 0 a.e.     

A LIL and limit distributions for trimmed sums of random vectors attracted to operator semi-stable laws

Let θ∈ Rdbe a unit vector and let X,X1,X2,...be a sequence of i.i.d.Rd-valued random vectors attracted to operator semi-stable laws.For each integer n ≥ 1,let X1,n ≤···≤ Xn,n denote the order statistics of X1,X2,...,Xn according to priority of index,namely | X1,n,θ | ≥···≥ | Xn,n,θ |,where ·,· is an inner product on Rd.For all integers r ≥ 0,define by(r)Sn = n-ri=1Xi,n the trimmed sum.In this paper we investigate a law of the iterated logarithm and limit distributions for trimmed sums(r)Sn.Our results give information about the maximal growth rate of sample paths for partial sums of X when r extreme terms are excluded.A stochastically compactness of(r)Sn is obtained.     

COSET DIAGRAMS FOR A HOMOMORPHIC IMAGE OF △（3, 3, k）

Let q be a prime power. By PL（Fq） the authors mean a projective line over the finite field Fq with the additional point ∞. In this article, the authors parametrize the conjugacy classes of nondegenerate homomorphisms which represent actions of △（3, 3, k） = （u, v： u^3 = v^3 = （uv）^k = 1〉on PL（Fq）, where q ≡ ±1（modk）. Also, for various values of k, they find the conditions for the existence of coset diagrams depicting the permutation actions of △（3, 3, k） on PL（Fq）. The conditions are polynomials with integer coefficients and the diagrams are such that every vertex in them is fixed by （u^-v^-）^k. In this way, they get △（3, 3, k） as permutation groups on PL（Fq）.     

Approximation by semigroup of spherical operators

This paper concerns about the approximation by a class of positive exponential type multiplier operators on the unit sphere Sn of the （n ＋ 1）- dimensional Euclidean space for n ≥2. We prove that such operators form a strongly continuous contraction semigroup of class （l0） and show the equivalence between the approximation errors of these operators and the K-functionals. We also give the saturation order and the saturation class of these operators. As examples, the rth Boolean of the generalized spherical Abel-Poisson operator ＋Vt^γ and the rth Boolean of the generalized spherical Weierstrass operator ＋Wt^k for integer r ≥ 1 and reals γ, k∈ （0, 1] have errors ｜｜＋r Vt^γ- f｜｜X ω^rγ（f, t^1/γ）X and ｜｜＋rWt^kf - f｜｜X ω^2rk（f, t^1/（2k））X for all f ∈ X and 0 ≤t ≤2π, where X is the Banach space of all continuous functions or all L^p integrable functions, 1 ≤p ≤＋∞, on S^n with norm ｜｜·｜｜X, and ω^s（f,t）X is the modulus of smoothness of degree s 〉 0 for f ∈X. Moreover, ＋r^Vt^γ and ＋rWt^k have the same saturation class if γ= 2k.     

The nonorientable genus of the join of two cycles

In this paper, we show that the nonorientable genus of Cm ＋ Cn, the join of two cycles Cm and Cn, is equal to [（（m-2）（n-2））/2] if m = 3, n ≡ 1 （mod 2）, or m ≥ 4, n ≥ 4, （m, n） （4, 4）. We determine that the nonorientable genus of C4 ＋C4 is 3, and that the nonorientable genus of C3 ＋Cn is n/2 if n ≡ 0 （mod 2）. Our results show that a minimum nonorientable genus embedding of the complete bipartite graph Km,n cannot be extended to an embedding of the join of two cycles without increasing the genus of the surface.     

NODAL O（h^4）-SUPERCONVERGENCE IN 3D BY AVERAGING PIECEWISE LINEAR,BILINEAR, AND TRILINEAR FE APPROXIMATIONS

We construct and analyse a nodal O（h^4）-superconvergent FE scheme for approximating the Poisson equation with homogeneous boundary conditions in three-dimensional domains by means of piecewise trilinear functions. The scheme is based on averaging the equations that arise from FE approximations on uniform cubic, tetrahedral, and prismatic partitions. This approach presents a three-dimensional generalization of a two-dimensional averaging of linear and bilinear elements which also exhibits nodal O（h^4）-superconvergence （ultracon- vergence）. The obtained superconvergence result is illustrated by two numerical examples.     

Complex and p-Adic Meromorphic Functions f′P′( f ),g′P′(g) Sharing a Small Function

Let K be a complete algebraically closed p-adic field of characteristic zero.We apply results in algebraic geometry and a new Nevanlinna theorem for p-adic meromorphic functions in order to prove results of uniqueness in value sharing problems, both on K and on C. Let P be a polynomial of uniqueness for meromorphic functions in K or C or in an open disk. Let f, g be two transcendental meromorphic functions in the whole field K or in C or meromorphic functions in an open disk of K that are not quotients of bounded analytic functions. We show that if f′P′( f) and g′P′(g) share a small function α counting multiplicity, then f = g, provided that the multiplicity order of zeros of P′satisfy certain inequalities. A breakthrough in this paper consists of replacing inequalities n ≥ k+2 or n ≥ k+3 used in previous papers by Hypothesis(G). In the p-adic context, another consists of giving a lower bound for a sum of q counting functions of zeros with(q-1) times the characteristic function of the considered meromorphic function.     

Differential inequalities, normality and quasi-normality

We prove that ifD is a domain in C,α 〉 1 and C 〉 0,then the family F of functions f meromorphic in D such that ｜f′（z）｜/1 ＋ ｜f（z）｜α 〉 C for every z ∈ D is normal in D.For α = 1,the same assumptions imply quasi-normality but not necessarily normality.     

ON THE ORDER OF SUMMABILITY OF THE FOURIER INVERSION FORMULA

In this article we show that the order of the point value, in the sense of Lojasiewicz, of a tempered distribution and the order of summability of the pointwise Fourier inversion formula are closely related. Assuming that the order of the point values and certain order of growth at infinity are given for a tempered distribution, we estimate the order of summability of the Fourier inversion formula. For Fourier series, and in other cases, it is shown that if the distribution has a distributional point value of order k, then its Fourier series is e.v. Cesaro summable to the distributional point value of order k＋1. Conversely, we also show that if the pointwise Fourier inversion formula is e.v. Cesaro summable of order k, then the distribution is the （k ＋ 1）-th derivative of a locally integrable function, and the distribution has a distributional point value of order k ＋ 2. We also establish connections between orders of summability and local behavior for other Fourier inversion problems.     

On the Clique-Transversal Number in （Claw,K4）-Free 4-Regular Graphs

A clique-transversal set D of a graph G is a set of vertices of G such that D meets all cliques of G.The clique-transversal number,denoted by τC(G),is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G.In this paper,we first present a lower bound on τC(G) and characterize the extremal graphs achieving the lower bound for a connected(claw,K4)-free 4-regular graph G.Furthermore,we show that for any 2-connected(claw,K4)-free 4-regular graph G of order n,its clique-transversal number equals to [n/3].     

Super-simple （5, 4）-GDDs of group type g^u

In statistical planning of experiments, super-simple designs are the ones providing samples with maximum intersection as small as possible. Super- simple group divisible designs are useful in constructing other types of super- simple designs which can be applied to codes and designs. In this article, the existence of a super-simple （5, 4）-GDD of group type gU is investigated and it is shown that such a design exists if and only if u ≥ 5, g（u - 2） ≥ 12, and u（u - 1）g^2≡ 0 （mod 5） with some possible exceptions.     

ON APPROXIMATION PROPERTIES OF NON-CONVOLUTION TYPE NONLINEAR INTEGRAL OPERATORS-Dedicated to Professor Paul L. Butzer on his 80th Birthday

In the present paper we state some approximation theorems concerning point- wise convergence and its rate for a class of non-convolution type nonlinear integral opera- tors of the form：Tλ（f;x）=B∫AKλ（t,x,f（t））dr,x∈〈a,b〉λλA.In particular, we obtain the pointwise convergence and its rate at some characteristic points x0 off as （x,λ） → （x0, λ0） in LI 〈A,B 〉, where 〈 a,b 〉 and 〈A,B 〉 are is an arbitrary intervals in R, A is a non-empty set of indices with a topology and X0 an accumulation point of A in this topology. The results of the present paper generalize several ones obtained previously in the papers [191-[23]     

BLOCK-TRIANGULAR PRECONDITIONERS FOR SYSTEMS ARISING FROM EDGE-PRESERVING IMAGE RESTORATION

Signal and image restoration problems are often solved by minimizing a cost function consisting of an l2 data-fidelity term and a regularization term. We consider a class of convex and edge-preserving regularization functions. In specific, half-quadratic regularization as a fixed-point iteration method is usually employed to solve this problem. The main aim of this paper is to solve the above-described signal and image restoration problems with the half-quadratic regularization technique by making use of the Newton method. At each iteration of the Newton method, the Newton equation is a structured system of linear equations of a symmetric positive definite coefficient matrix, and may be efficiently solved by the preconditioned conjugate gradient method accelerated with the modified block SSOR preconditioner. Our experimental results show that the modified block-SSOR preconditioned conjugate gradient method is feasible and effective for further improving the numerical performance of the half-quadratic regularization approach.     

A Riesz Product Type Measure on the Cantor Group

A Riesz type product as Pn=nЛj=1（1＋awj＋bwj＋1）is studied, where a, b are two real numbers with ｜a｜ ＋ ｜b｜ 〈 1, and {wj} are indepen- dent random variables taking values in （-1, 1} with equal probability. Let dw be the normalized Haar measure on the Cantor group Ω = （-1, 1}^N. The sequence of P,~dw 1 probability measures {Pndw/E（Pn） } is showed to converge weakly to a unique continuous measure on/2, and the obtained measure is singular with respect to dw.