Nb掺杂BaTiO%_3-Bi_(0.5)K_(0.5)TiO_3陶瓷系统PTCR性能的研究

采用固相反应法制备了Nb2O5掺杂的(1-x)BaTiO3-xBi0.5K0.5TiO3(BT-BKT,0≤x≤0.02)系统陶瓷,研究了Nb2O5和BKT掺杂量对该系统陶瓷显微结构和电性能的影响。结果表明:BaTiO3陶瓷的晶格轴率c/a值随着BKT含量的增加而变大,陶瓷具有良好的晶粒和明显的晶界。BT-BKT陶瓷的居里温度(Tc)也随着BKT的加入向高温移动,当x=0.01时,Tc提高到150℃,但室温电阻率(ρRT)随着BKT含量的增加也快速增大。     

Bi(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3对Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3基陶瓷相结构及弛豫性的影响

采用固相反应合成法制备了(1-x)(0.96Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.04BaTiO3)-xBi(Zn0.5 Ti0.5)O3陶瓷(x≤0.10).通过X射线衍射,介电温度谱等对该体系陶瓷的相结构及弛豫特性进行了研究.结果发现,该陶瓷在Bi(Zn0.5Ti05)O3加入量低于0.05时呈现纯钙钛矿结构.此外,随着Bi(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3加入量的增加,其相结构由三方-四方共存向赝立方结构转变;同时,陶瓷的弥散因子上升,偶极子取向冻结活化能下降,表明BZT的加入明显地增加了0.96Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.04 BaTiO3陶瓷的弛豫性.     

CuO掺杂对Ba0.96(Bi0.5K0.5)0.04TiO3陶瓷烧结行为和介电性能的影响

采用固相法制备了Ba0.96(Bi0.5K0.5)0.04TiO3-xCuO(x=0 ～0.05)陶瓷,通过XRD、SEM和阻抗分析仪等测试手段研究了CuO掺杂对Ba0.96(Bi0.5K0.5) 0.04TiO3陶瓷烧结温度、相组成、显微结构和介电性能的影响.结果表明:在x=0 ～0.05掺杂浓度范围内,所有陶瓷样品均为钙钛矿结构,且没有第二相的生成.当x≤0.03时,CuO与Ba0.96(Bi0.5K0.5)0.04TiO3形成固溶体,Cu2进入晶格取代Ti4的位置.在x=0.02时,陶瓷样品的四方率c/a达到最大,居里温度Tc最高为148.5℃.当x≥0.04时,过量的CuO在晶界处形成液相,显著降低烧结温度.当x=0.05时,烧结温度降为1275℃,由于液相的产生,陶瓷样品致密度提高,内部缺陷减少,介电损耗最小.在掺杂CuO的陶瓷样品中,介电常数先增大后减小,在x=0.01时达到最大.     

织构化K0.5Na0.5NbO3无铅压电陶瓷的性能研究

以分析纯Na2CO3、Bi2O3和Nb2O5为原料,以NaCl为熔盐,采用二次熔盐法和拓扑化学反应法合成各向异性片状NaNbO3粉体.以该片状NaNbO3粉体为模板品粒,以固相法合成的NaNbO3和KNbO3粉体为基料,采用流延工艺制备出较高取向度的织构化K0.5Na0.5NbO3(KNN)无铅压电陶瓷,系统研究了模板含量、烧结温度和保温时间等工艺参数对织构化KNN陶瓷显微结构和压电性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:随着模板含量的增加,陶瓷的取向度逐渐增加,当模板含量为15 wt;时,陶瓷的取向度可达0.69,当模板含量为10 wt;,1100 ℃下保温5 h烧结,可以获得具有一定织构度(f=0.58)的KNN陶瓷,并表现出优异的压电性能,d33=128 pC/ N.     

Al2O3改性Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3复合陶瓷制备与性能研究

采用草酸盐共沉淀法成功合成了Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 (BFN)纳米粉体,并采用sol-gel法获得Al2O3改性的BFN复合粉体,于1150℃两步烧结3h获得复合陶瓷,研究了Al2O3添加对BFN陶瓷微观形貌和介电性能的影响.结果表明:BFN · xAl2O3(x=4wt;,6wt;,8wt;)复合粉体颗粒分布均匀,粒径约为50 nm.Al2O3的加入可明显降低陶瓷的烧结温度.Al2 O3添加量为4wt;的复合陶瓷有高的介电常数,较小的介电损耗和良好的温度稳定性.BFN·xAl2O3复合陶瓷中存在的介电弛豫行为符合Arrhenius定律,是一个热激活过程,随着x的增加,复合陶瓷的激活能逐渐增大,这与无定形Al2O3增加了陶瓷的弛豫势垒,使界面极化减弱相关.     

共沉淀法制备Ba(Fe0.5 Nb0.5)O3纳米粉体

以廉价的Nb2O5为铌源,采用共沉淀法制备了纳米Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3粉体.用XRD、TG-DSC、FT-IR、SEM等测试手段分析了烧结温度、保温时间、体系温度、pH值等对前驱体粉体的物相、形貌及晶粒大小的影响,并对粉体的磁学性能进行了表征.结果表明:合成温度在950℃,体系温度在30℃和50℃均可获得纯相立方钙钛矿结构的Ba(Fe0.5 Nb0.5)O3粉体,保温时间和pH值对粉体相结构变化无影响.在体系温度为30℃,pH=10,前驱体粉体在950℃煅烧2h后获得颗粒尺寸约30 nm的Ba(Fe05Nb0.5)O3粉体,且粉体具有弱的铁磁性.     

(1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3陶瓷的微波介电性能研究

通过传统的固相反应法制备了(1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3陶瓷,系统地研究了LaAlO3含量的变化对陶瓷的晶体结构、微观结构和微波介电性能的影响.结果表明,LaAlO3含量的增加导致(1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3陶瓷的晶格结构发生畸变,使得陶瓷的介电常数下降、Q·f值增加,并使其谐振频率温度系数向负值处发生偏移.LaAlO3的含量为x=0.33时,(1-x)CaTiO3-xLaAlO3陶瓷的烧结温度为1460℃,展示了良好的微波介电性能:εr=45.3、Q·f=36218 GHz、τf=-0.5 ppm/℃.     

Si3N4-TiC0.5N0.5复相陶瓷的制备及切削性能研究

以TiC0.5N0.5粉为导电第二相,利用热压烧结制备了Si3N4-TiC0.5N0.5复相陶瓷.研究了不同含量TiC0.5N0.5对Si3N4陶瓷相组成、致密度、显微结构、力学性能、导电性能、切削性能及磨损机理的影响.结果表明:高温下TiC0.5N0.5与Si3N4具有良好稳定性,烧结后获得致密的Si3 N4-TiC0.5N0.5复相陶瓷;导电第二相的增加可以明显改善氮化硅陶瓷的电学性能,并且有助于提高Si3N4-TiC0.5N0.5复相陶瓷的硬度和断裂韧性,但不利于Si3 N4-TiC0.5N0.5复相陶瓷的抗弯强度;当含量超过25vol;时,硬度增幅变缓,断裂韧性下降;在高速切削过程中,随着切削时间增加,后刀面磨损增大,刀具切削温度增加;STCN20切削性能最好,当TiC0.5N0.5含量超过20vol;时会加剧刀具的磨损;Si3N4-TiC0.5N0.5复相陶瓷刀具的磨损机制主要是机械摩擦导致的磨粒磨损,并伴随少量的粘结磨损.     

Sm3+掺杂Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷的发光性能及热稳定性研究

采用传统的固相烧结法,制备了一系列的Sm3掺杂Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷(NBT∶ xSm3,0.005≤x≤0.04).利用X射线衍射仪和荧光分光光度计分别对NBT∶ xSm3+陶瓷样品的物相结构和光致发光性能以及热稳定性进行了分析.结果 表明,所有样品均为纯的三方钙钛矿结构.样品的激发光谱在480 nm有很强的激发峰,与蓝光LED芯片匹配.发射光谱包含位于563 nm、597 nm、645 nm、709 nm处的四个发射峰,分别归属于Sm3+的4G5/2→6HJ/2(J=5、7、9、11)跃迁,其中发射主峰位于597 nm,呈现橙红色发光.当Sm3+含量为0.02 mol时发光性能最佳.当温度范围在30 ～210℃之间时,NBT∶0.02Sm3陶瓷样品的发光性能具有良好的热稳定性     

凝胶浇注法制备中温固体氧化物燃料电池Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(1-x)Fe_xO_(3-δ)多孔阴极材料的研究

以碳酸盐和氧化物为原料,通过凝胶浇注法制得了Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(1-x)Fe_xO_(3-δ)(SSCF, x=0～1.0)粉体,对不同温度煅烧所得粉体的相组成和微观形貌进行了测定.制备的Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(1-x)Fe_xO_(3-δ)粉体模压成形后烧结得到SSCF烧结体.测定了烧结体的密度和孔隙率并对烧结体的微观结构进行了观测,用直流四端子法测定了烧结样品的电导率并对其热膨胀系数及电化学性能等进行了测定.结果表明:干凝胶在1000 ℃煅烧可以得到粒度均匀细小的SSCF粉体,其晶体结构随Fe含量发生变化;一定温度烧结的Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(1-x)Fe_xO_(3-δ)材料具有多孔结构,随烧结温度的增加,烧结体的密度增大,孔隙率减小;Fe的掺杂降低了Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)材料的热膨胀系数,Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)材料在800 ℃时的热膨胀系数为16.4×10~(-6) K~(-1);SSCF材料的电导率随Fe含量的增加而减小,但在500～800 ℃,其电导率均大于100 S·cm~(-1).此外,Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(1-x)Fe_xO_(3-δ)材料均表现出良好的催化活性.     

Direct preparation of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 powders

K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ powders have been directly synthesized by an alternative solid–state method. Stoichimometric mixture of ammonium niobium oxalate and C₄H₄O₆KNa·4H₂O were calcined in temperature range from 500 to 800 °C for 3 h. The precursor and calcination products were characterized with respect to stoichiometry, purity, crystalline structure, particle size and powder morphology using X–ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. XRD and XRF results reveal that stoichiometric K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ powders could be synthesized by the method. The particle size is about 68 nm for the precursor calcined at 500 °C according to XRD data, which is in good agreement with SEM data. The average band gap energy is estimated to be 3.18 eV by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3体系无铅压电陶瓷的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备(1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5 TiO3-xK0.5Bi0.5TiO3体系无铅压电陶瓷.XRD分析表明,用溶胶-凝胶法可以在650℃下合成具有钙钛矿结构的(1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xK0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体,且在x=0.18～0.30之间存在三方-四方准同型相界(MPB).陶瓷的压电性能参数表明,该体系在MPB组成范围内具有最佳的压电性能:x=0.30时,压电常数d33达到最大值(d33=150 Pc·N-1),平面机电耦合系数kp与介电常数εH33T/ε0均在x=0.26时达到最大值,分别为36.7;和1107.     

金属有机分解法制备无铅K0.5Bi0.5TiO3铁电薄膜

采用金属有机分解法(MOD)在p型Si(111)衬底上制备了K0.5Bi0.5TiO3(KBT)薄膜.用X射线衍射技术研究了薄膜的结构和结晶性.同时还研究了薄膜的绝缘性和存储性能.结果发现在740°C下退火4min的KBT薄膜呈钙钛矿结构;在0～8V范围内,薄膜的漏电流小于1.5×10-9A;在-12～+8V的偏压范围内,C-V记忆窗口宽度为10V.     

Mn过量对La0.5Ca0.5Mn1+xO3微结构和输运性质的影响

利用传统固相反应法制备了Mn过量的多晶样品La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (LCMO)、La0.5Ca0.5Mn1.08O3(LCMO08)和La0.5Ca0.5Mn1.22O3(LCMO22),研究了Mn过量对其微观结构及其电输运性质的影响.研究结果表明,随着Mn含量的增加,样品的晶格参数a,b,c以及Mn-O键长都有所增大,而Mn3+-O-Mn4+键角没有明显的变化.输运性质结果表明,金属-绝缘体转变(MIT),庞磁电阻(CMR)效应以及热滞现象都随Mn的过量有着明显的变化,相较于正常化学配比的样品,过量掺杂Mn的样品的绝缘性增强并且热滞现象几乎消失,庞磁电阻在低温也有所增加.电输运性质的剧烈变化归结为过量Mn导致Jahn-Teller畸变增强及双交换作用减弱.实验结果将对理解半掺杂锰氧化物相关体系奇异的物理性质提供参考.     

熔盐法制备铌酸钾钠粉体的研究

以分析纯Na_2CO_3,K_2CO_3和Nb_2O_5为原料,以Na_2CO_3-K_2CO_3(摩尔比1: 1)为熔盐,采用熔盐法在700～850 ℃保温4 h合成了Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)NbO_3粉体.研究了合成温度、熔盐含量对粉体形貌的影响.XRD分析结果表明:通过熔盐法可以在700 ℃下合成纯钙钛矿结构的Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)NbO_3粉体;SEM分析显示:随着合成温度的升高,粉体形貌从圆球状转变为立方状,进一步提高合成温度,粉体形貌开始变得不规则;此外,合成粉体的尺寸随着熔盐含量的增加而增大,且粉体团聚现象明显减弱.以熔盐法合成的Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)NbO_3粉体为原料,采用传统固相烧结法制备Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)NbO_3陶瓷,经1060 ℃烧结后,Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)NbO_3陶瓷具有优异的压电性能和介电性能,其中压电常数d_(33) =124 pC/N,介电常数ε_(33)~T/ε_0 = 345,居里温度T_c 达 402 ℃.     

Na/Bi配比对0.94(Bi0.5+xNa0.5-x)TiO3-0.06BaTiO3压电陶瓷组织结构与性能的影响

采用传统固相烧结方法制备出0.94(Ri0.5+xNa0.5-x)TiO3-0.06BaTiO3(BNBT6)二元系无铅压电陶瓷(x分别为0,0.08;,0.12;,0.16;,0.24;和0.50;摩尔分数),系统地研究了不同Na/Bi配比对BNT基陶瓷材料物相结构、显微组织和压电、介电性能的影响.结果表明:添加不同的Na/Bi,所制备的BNBT6压电陶瓷组织分布均匀、致密度高,存在三方-四方共存的准同型相界结构,且不同的Na/Bi配比不影响陶瓷的相结构,但其烧结性能及电性能与Na/Bi配比密切相关,当x=0.16;时,BNBT6陶瓷样品的性能最佳,相对密度达到97;,在1 kHz的测试频率下,BNBT6陶瓷样品的压电常数d33为138 PC/N、介电常数εr为1486、介电损耗tanδ为2.1;、机械品质因数Qm为217.     

Microwave dielectric properties of La(1‐2x/3)Bax(Mg0.5Sn0.5)O3 ceramics

This study examined the potential applications of microwave dielectric properties of La_(1‐2x/3)Ba_x(Mg_0.5Sn_0.5)O₃ ceramics in rectenna. The La_(1‐2x/3)Ba_x(Mg_0.5Sn_0.5)O₃ ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid‐state method with various sintering temperatures. An apparent density of 6.62 g/cm³, a dielectric constant of 20.3, a quality factor of 51,700 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of ‐78.2 ppm/K were obtained for La_2.98/3Ba_0.01(Mg_0.5Sn_0.5)O₃ ceramics that were sintered at 1550 °C for 4 h. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The relations of sintering conditions and microstructures of [Bi0.5(Na1‐x‐yKxLiy)0.5]TiO3 piezoelectric ceramics

Bismuth sodium titanate (abbreviated as BNT) based solid solution, [Bi_0.5(Na_1‐x‐yK_xLi_y)_0.5]TiO₃ (0 < x + y < 1) ceramics, was invented in our group. These ceramics, which are considered as new candidates for lead‐free piezoelectric materials, were prepared by conventional ceramic sintering technique. The results of X‐ray diffraction show that the ceramics possess a single perovskite phase. The relations of the sintering conditions and the microstructures of the ceramics were studied. It was found that the optimized sintering condition is at 1100‐1150 °C for 2‐3 h, the grains of the ceramics have very regular shape, and the grain size of the ceramics is in the range of 1.3‐2.2 μm. These ceramics with the compositions of high amount of K⁺ and low amount of Li⁺ have relatively large piezoelectric charge constant (d₃₃), and can be put into practical applications. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Carrier Scattering Mechanisms in GaS0.5Se0.5 Layered Crystals

Systematic dark electrical resistivity and Hall mobility measurements have been carried out in the temperature range 150‐400 K on n‐type GaS_0.5Se_0.5 layered crystals. The analysis of temperature dependent electrical resistivity and carrier concentration reveals the extrinsic type of conduction with a donor impurity level located at 0.44 eV, donor and acceptor concentrations of 3.4 ×10¹⁷ and 4.1×10¹⁶ cm^‐3, respectively, and an electron effective mass of 0.41 m₀. The Hall mobility is limited by the electron‐phonon short‐range interactions scattering at high temperatures combined with the ionized impurity scattering at low temperatures. The electron‐phonon short‐range interactions scattering mobility analysis reveals an electron‐phonon coupling constant of 0.25 and conduction band deformation potential of 5.57 eV/Å.