Fluorescence Studies on Potential Antitumoral Heteroaryl and Heteroannulated Indoles in Solution and in Lipid Membranes

Fluorescence properties of three potential antitumoral compounds, a 3-(dibenzothien-4-yl)indole 1, a phenylbenzothienoindole 2 and a 3-(dibenzofur-4-yl)indole 3, were studied in solution and in lipid aggregates of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (Egg-PC). The 3-(dibenzofur-4-yl)indole 3 exhibits the higher fluorescence quantum yields in all solvents studied (0.32 ≤ Φ_F ≤ 0.51). All the compounds present a solvent sensitive emission, with significant red shifts in alcohols. The results point to an ICT character of the excited state, more pronounced for compound 1. Fluorescence (steady-state) anisotropy measurements of the compounds incorporated in lipid aggregates of DPPC, DOPE and Egg-PC indicate that the three compounds are deeply located in the lipid bilayer, feeling the difference between the rigid gel phase and fluid phases.     

Solution of Klein-Gordon Equation for Pseudo-Coulomb Potential Plus a New Ring-Shaped Potential

Under the condition of an equal mixing of vector and scalar potentials, exact solutions of bound states of the Klein-Gordon equation with pseudo-Coulomb potential plus a new ring-shaped potential are presented. Simultaneously, energy spectrum equations are also obtained. It is shown that the radial equation and angular wave functions are expressed by confluent hypergeogetric and hypergeogetric functions respectively.     

抗菌素阿莫西林荧光分析法的研究

本文提出了阿莫西林［（2S,5R,6R）-3,3-二甲基-6-［(R)-(-)-2-氨基-2-(4-羟基苯基)乙酰氨基］-7-氧化-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环［3,2,0］庚烷-2-甲酸三水化合物］荧光分析的方法。并对影响阿莫西林荧光性质(光谱和光谱强度)的各种因素,包括pH值、表面活性剂的增效作用、无机离子的配合作用以及其他介质条件等进行了较为详细的研究。实验结果表明,阿莫西林具有良好的荧光性质,在微碱性条件下荧光发射最强,CTAB对其有增效作用,与无机离子(Mg     

抗菌素阿莫西林荧光分析法的研究

本文提出了阿莫西林（２Ｓ,５Ｒ,６Ｒ）－３,３－二甲基－６（Ｒ－）－（１）－２－氨基２－（４－羟基苯基）乙酰氨基－７氧化－４－硫杂－１氮杂双环（３,２,０）庚烷－２－甲酸三水化合物荧光分析的方法。并对影响阿莫西林荧光性质（光谱和光谱强度）的各种因素,包括ｐＨ值、表面活性剂的增效作用、无机离子的配合作用以其他介质条件等进行了较为详细的研究。实验结果表明,阿莫西林具有良好的荧光性质,在微碱性条件下荧光     

Origin of Tryptophan Fluorescence Lifetimes Part 1. Fluorescence Lifetimes Origin of Tryptophan Free in Solution

Fluorescence intensity decays of L-tryptophan free in polar, hydrophobic and mixture of polar-hydrophobic solvents were recorded along the emission spectrum (310–410 nm). Analysis of the data show that emission of tryptophan occurs with two lifetimes in 100 % polar and hydrophobic environments. The values of the two lifetimes are not the same in both environments while their populations (pre-exponentials values) are identical. Fluorescence lifetimes and pre-exponentials values do not change with the excitation wavelength and thus are independent of excitation energy. Our results indicate that tryptophan emission occurs from two specific sub-structures existing in the excited state. These sub-structures differ from those present in the ground states and characterize an internal property and/or organization of the tryptophan structure in the excited state. By sub-substructure, we mean here tryptophan backbone and its electronic cloud. In ethanol, three fluorescence lifetimes were measured; two lifetimes are very close to those observed in water (0.4–0.5 ns and 2–4 ns). Presence of a third lifetime for tryptophan in ethanol results from the interaction of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic dipoles or chemical functions of ethanol with the fluorophore.     

Pyrophosphate Selective Recognition in Aqueous Solution Based on Fluorescence Enhancement of a New Aluminium Complex

A novel and simple fluorescence enhancement method for selective pyrophosphate(PPi) sensing was proposed based on a 1:1 metal complex formation between bis(8-hydroxy quinoline-5-solphonat) chloride aluminum(III) (Al(QS)₂Cl), (L) and PPi in aqueous solution. The linear response range covers a concentration range of 1.6 × 10⁻⁷ to 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L of PPi and the detection limit of 2.3 × 10⁻⁸ mol/L. The association constant of L-PPi complex was calculated 2.6 × 10⁵ L/mol. L was found to show selectively and sensitively fluorescence enhancement toward PPi over than I₃^-, NO₃^-, CN⁻, CO₃²⁻, Br⁻, Cl⁻, F⁻, H₂PO4⁻ and SO₄²⁻, which was attributed to higher stability of inorganic complex between pyrophosphate and L.     

Synthesis and Fluorescence Studies of Some New Fluorophores and Their Effect on Hybridization of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides

Some novel fluorophores, viz. 6-(6-isobutyrylamino-1,3-dioxo-1H,3H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2-yl)-hexanoic acid (1), 6-(6-dimethylamino-1,3-dioxo-1H, 3H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2-yl)-hexanoic acid (2), 6-(6-benzoylamino-1, 3-dioxo-1H, 3H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2-yl)-hexanoic acid (3), 6-(6-amino-1-oxo-1H, 3H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2-yl)-hexanoic acid (4) and 6-(6-amino-1H,3H-benzo[de] isoquinolin-2-yl)-hexanoic acid (5) have been designed, synthesized and characterized. Their comparative fluorescence has been studied in different organic solvents and aqueous solutions containing inorganic ions. Out of these, two fluorophores, 1 and 2 have been used for labelling of nucleosides which were finally converted into their phosphoramidites, and used for labelling of oligodeoxyribonucleotides through covalent attachment. These fluorophores after attachment on oligodeoxyribonucleotides showed good fluorescence signals and higher hybridisation affinity than unlabelled oligodeoxyribonucleotides.     

三聚氰胺溶液的荧光光谱实验研究

对三聚氰胺溶液和含三聚氰胺的奶粉溶液在紫外光激励下产生的荧光光谱进行了实验研究.讨论了其产生机理和谱线特性,并对奶粉溶液和含三聚氰胺奶粉溶液的荧光光谱进行了纵坐标比值变换分析.结果表明,三聚氰胺溶液在波长为240 nm左右的紫外光激励下能产生较强的荧光,荧光峰分别位于350 nm和370 nm附近;在同一波长紫外光激励下,含三聚氰胺奶粉溶液与奶粉溶液的荧光光谱相比,荧光主峰位置由328 nm变为350 nm,其他荧光峰的位置基本保持不变,荧光相对强度在370 nm处最大.     

Fluorescence Properties of Dibenzofluorescein in Aqueous Solution

The deprotonation of dibenzofluorescein (DBFL), a long wavelength fluorescence probe, results in the simultaneous occurrence of neutral form, monoanion and dianion under physiological conditions. The fluorescence properties of the former two cannot be measured directly because they are always coexistent with some other species. By measuring the fluorescence under various pHs we computed the fluorescence parameters for each species involved in the prototropic equilibria of DBFL, including each species’ emission spectrum, excitation spectrum, emission and excitation maximum, fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime. It was found that the monoanion is the most fluorescent chromospheres (Φ _f = 0.66, compared to Φ _f = 0.25 for dianion, 0.18 for cation and 0.0 for the neutral form). Together with the computed pK _as, we are able to suggest that the monoanion plays a major role under physiological conditions when DBFL is used as a fluorescence probe, contrary to the assumption in literature.     

Simultaneous Surface-Near and Solution Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

We report the first simultaneous measurement of surface-confined and solution fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). We use an optical configuration for tightly focused excitation and separate detection of light emitted below (undercritical angle fluorescence, UAF) and above (supercritical angle fluorescence, SAF) the critical angle of total internal reflection of the coverslip/sample interface. This creates two laterally coincident detection volumes which differ in their axial extent. While detection of far-field UAF emission producesa standard confocal volume, near-field-mediated SAF produces a highly surface-confined detection volume at the coverslip/sample interface which extends only ~200 nm into the sample. A characterization of the two detection volumes by FCS of free diffusion is presented and compared with analytical models and simulations. The presented FCS technique allows to determine bulk solution concentrations and surface-near concentrations at the same time.     

乙醚溶液荧光光谱特性及其机理研究

研究了低浓度乙醚水溶液在紫外光激励下的荧光光谱,以及其荧光特性随激发光波长和乙醚溶液浓度改变的变化规律,并对其产生机理和谱线特性进行了分析和探讨。结果显示,乙醚溶液在306 nm附近出现明显的荧光峰,其最佳激励波长为245 nm,且在292 nm处还有次峰出现。激发光波长改变时,相应的荧光峰值位置基本不变,且荧光峰的强度随激发光波长的变化呈高斯分布。荧光次峰和主峰的强度产生竞争。随浓度增加,306 nm处的荧光强度线性增强,当增至7%后,发生浓度猝灭,强度线性减弱。研究结果将为检测有毒、麻醉物质——乙醚的浓度及纯度等提供参考。     

A New Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Pair and Its Application to Oligonucleotide Labeling and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Hybridization Studies

We describe two new fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) compatible labels, their covalent linkage to oligonucleotides, and their use as donor and acceptor, respectively, in FRET hybridization studies. The dyes belong to the cyanine dyes, and water solubility is imparted by a phosphonate which represents a new solubilizing group in DNA labels. They were linked to amino-modified synthetic oligonucleotides via oxysuccinimide (OSI) esters. The studies performed include binding assays, determinations of molecular distances, homogeneous competitive assays, and limits of detection, which are in the order of 5 pmol/L for a 15-mer.     

Fluorescence of a Benzothienopyridopyrimidone in Solution and in Lipid Vesicles

Fluorescence properties of a biologically active benzothienopyridopyrimidone in solution and in lipid vesicles are reported. Assays at different pH values (0.5–10) allowed the determination of pK _a = 2.0, showing that this compound may be useful as a pH indicator for pH ≤ 4. In lipid vesicles, benzothienopyridopyrimidone locates in a water-rich environment, indicating that it can be carried in the hydrophilic region of liposomes for drug delivery applications.     

牛奶水溶液的偏振三维荧光光谱研究

测得由伊利、蒙牛公司生产的纯牛奶、高钙奶、高钙低脂奶的偏振三维荧光光谱,发现在激发偏振片和发射偏振片取向平行时,偏振荧光强度高于取向垂直时的值。通过一个简单的模型估算了各种牛奶样品等效荧光团的激发偶极子和发射偶极子之间的夹角,均小于40°,且高钙低脂奶对应荧光团激发偶极子和发射偶极子之间的夹角略小于纯牛奶和高钙奶。实验还发现,在激发偏振片和发射偏振片取向平行时,高钙低脂奶的偏振荧光强度明显高于纯牛奶和高钙奶,与理论计算相符。     

水溶液中4种杂环化合物的荧光光谱的理论研究

采用量子化学半经验方法RHF/AM1对4种六元杂环化合物进行水溶液中的构型优化, 经振动分析, 未出现虚频率。在此基础上用RHF/CIS方法分别计算了它们的荧光光谱, 并与其气相计算的结果进行了对比, 在水溶液中的计算结果能更好地符合实验值。     

菲及腐殖酸混合液荧光法定量分析研究

多环芳烃作为普遍关注的优先监测污染物,在水环境中其含量很低,易受共存物腐殖酸的干扰。由于多环芳烃与腐殖酸的光谱重叠严重,很难用常规方法快速的定量检测。菲(PHE)作为多环芳烃中的模式化合物,对菲和腐殖酸(HA)的荧光光谱特性进行了研究,分析了腐殖酸共存下对菲定量检测的影响。采用平行因子算法分析混合液的三维荧光光谱,在激发波长为240～360 nm(5 nm为间隔)、发射波长为 260～575 nm(5 nm为间隔)下对该体系进行了分辨研究,并对菲和腐殖酸进行荧光光谱测量。实验结果表明,此方法可用于有干扰共存下多环芳烃化合物的直接快速定量检测。     

Triple Fluorescence of Substituted Benzanilides in Solution and in Solid States

The competitive triple fluorescence of benzanilide is studied by steady-state fluorescence investigations in dependence on the solvent polarity and the para-substitution of the aniline core as well as by comparison with the fluorescence behavior of 4-methoxy-N-methylbenzanilide. The normal fluorescence of benzanilide S₁(LE) S₀ appears at _max = 345 nm, whereas a superposition of proton transfer (PT) fluorescence S₁(PT) S₀(PT) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) flu-orescence S₁(ICT) S₀(FC) is responsible for the long-wavelength fluorescence in the 500-nm region. Different possibilities for the formation of the PT and ICT states are discussed. Investigations of the fluorescence behavior of benzanilides both in solution and as crystals in dependence on the para-substitution of the benzanilide moiety support the PT/ICT model.     

荧光相关光谱测定溶液中胭脂红的含量

使用FLS920P型荧光光谱仪测量了20个合成色素胭脂红溶液样本的荧光发射谱,实验表明：胭脂红的最佳激发波长为300 nm,在此波长激发光下,荧光峰值波长为440 nm。同时测量相同条件下超纯水的光谱数据作为参考光谱,进行与胭脂红溶液光谱数据的相关计算,构建以浓度为外扰的荧光相关光谱。采用sym8小波函数4尺度降噪,将降噪后的同步相关光谱数据、自相关光谱数据应用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)算法进行预测,建立溶液中胭脂红含量的定量模型,结果表明：采用同步相关光谱建模的预测相关系数为99.863%,预测均方根误差为0.414 μg·mL-1;而采用自相关光谱建模的预测相关系数为99.940%,预测均方根误差为0.303 μg·mL-1。对比可知,自相关光谱数据有效地避免了信息冗余,预测结果更为可靠。该方法无需样本处理,操作简单,为食品安全检测提供了一种新的思路。     

Fluorescence Spectroscopic Studies on Phase Heterogeneity in Lipid Bilayer Membranes

There is a growing interest in functional membrane heterogeneity on the mesoscopic (several tens to hundreds of molecular dimensions) scale. However, the physical-chemical basis for this sort of heterogeneity in membranes is not entirely clear. Unambiguous methods to demonstrate that the cell plasma membrane and other cellular membranes are in fact heterogeneous on the mesoscopic level are also not generally available. Fluorescence techniques do, however, provide excellent tools for this purpose. In particular, the emerging techniques of scanning near-field optical microscopy and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy hold a great deal of promise for the near-future. All these methods require the use of fluorescent probes (lipids and/or proteins) and a clear definition of how these probes partition between domains of coexisting membrane phases. The development of the concept of membrane heterogeneity over the years since the first proposal of the fluid mosaic model is reviewed briefly. The use of lipid-binding proteins in experimental protocols for the labeling of membranes with fluorescent lipid amphiphiles as monomers in aqueous solutions at concentrations well above their critical aggregation concentrations is discussed. The methods of fluorescence spectroscopy available to the cell biologist for determining probe partition coefficients for partitioning between coexisting membrane phases are reviewed in some detail, as is the relevant theoretical and experimental work reported in the literature.     

7-羟基喹啉在二甲基亚砜中的荧光光谱

7-羟基喹啉(7-HQ)是一种具有激发态质子转移(ESPT)效应的有机分子。它溶于乙醇溶剂中,在紫外光的激励下,将发生ESPT反应,荧光光谱出现2个荧光带。7-HQ溶于二甲基亚砜(DMS)溶剂中,则不能发生ESPT反应,其荧光光谱只出现单一荧光带。但样品被强紫外光照射后,其荧光光谱也出现2个荧光带。文章首次报道了这一现象,并通过对7-HQ的乙醇、二甲基亚砜和二甲基甲酰胺溶液的吸收光谱和荧光光谱的研究,探讨产生这一现象的机理。认为7-HQ溶于DMS中被强紫外光照射后荧光光谱的变化是由于DMS被光解并生成水而使7-HQ发生ESPT反应的结果。