La取代Ba对Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α催化剂结构及甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响

采用以尿素水解为基础的水热合成法制备了La和Mn取代的六铝酸盐催化剂(Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α).在Mn含量达到阈值时,研究了不同量的La取代Ba对Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α的相组成、结构、热稳定性及甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.当x≥0.4时,水热合成过程中生成的La2(CO3)3在530-580℃分解,800-900℃时与-γAl2O3反应生成LaAlO3钙钛矿相,可抑制由BaCO3分解而生成的Ba2+的固相扩散,从而阻止了BaAl2O4尖晶石相的生成,使Ba2+在固相中保持较高的分散性,促进了六铝酸盐(-βAl2O3)相的形成.当x<0.4时,BaAl2O4尖晶石相的存在引起催化剂比表面积和催化燃烧活性的降低.La3+取代Ba2+后,六铝酸盐结构发生一定程度的扭变.这种扭变越大,所形成的六铝酸盐催化剂的热稳定性越差.Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧活性随x的增大而增加,x=0.8时催化剂的活性最佳.     

CaxLa1-xMnAl11O19 六铝酸盐催化剂上甲烷的催化燃烧

以共沉淀法制备了CaxLa1-xMnAl11O19系列六铝酸盐催化剂,考察了Ca2 部分取代La3 对LaMnAl11O19六铝酸盐的甲烷催化燃烧活性和稳定性的影响以及活性与物理化学性能的关系,用X射线衍射、N2吸附、程序升温还原和透射电镜对其进行了表征.结果表明,当Ca2 加入量过高时,Ca2 不能进入到六铝酸盐骨架中,过量的Ca2 形成CaAl4O7杂相.当x=0.2时,催化剂活性最高,起燃温度为723 K,也提高了样品的热稳定性,1 373 K煅烧后比表面积为26.1 m2/g.Ca2 的加入使六铝酸盐晶粒变薄,这使材料的抗烧结性能增强,比表面积增大,同时Ca2 部分取代La3 使活性Mn3 的含量增加,这两方面的综合作用使得催化剂活性显著提高.对Sr2 ,Ca2 和K 部分取代La3 的六铝酸盐的比较实验结果表明,Ca2 部分取代La3 的样品具有最低的起燃温度.     

BaMn_xAl_(12-x)O_(19-δ)六铝酸盐催化剂上甲烷催化燃烧性能

采用共沉淀-超临界干燥法制备了六铝酸盐甲烷燃烧催化剂(BaMnxAl12-xO19,x≤4),利用XRD(X射线衍射),BET(BET比表面积测定),TEM(透射电子显微镜)和TPR(程序升温还原)等表征方法对催化剂进行了表征,并在微型固定床反应器中考察其对甲烷的催化活性.结果表明,经过1200℃焙烧后,六铝酸钡(BaAl12O19)中仍有铝酸钡(BaAl2O4)相存在,经Mn离子取代后可以得到单一的六铝酸盐相,过量Mn的加入(当x=4时),催化剂中又出现了杂质相,且XRD的衍射峰强度变小.TPR表征结果表明,Mn在六铝酸盐结构中以 2和 3混合价态存在,Mn3 离子的比例随x的增大而增多.实验结果表明:与普通干燥法相比较,超临界干燥法可大大提高催化剂的比表面积,它对甲烷燃烧的催化活性也有增加.未取代活性离子的六铝酸钡基质对甲烷燃烧催化活性很低,经Mn离子取代后活性大大提高,当x=3时催化活性最高.     

La0.8Sr0.2FeMn1.5Al9.5O19-δ六铝酸盐气溶胶催化剂的催化性能

采用共沉淀-超临界干燥法制备了混合取代型La0.8Sr0.2FeMn1.5Al9.5O19-δ(LSFMAO)六铝酸盐气溶胶甲烷燃烧催化剂, 并采用XRD、BET、SEM、TPR等技术研究了超临界干燥和高温焙烧对材料结构和催化性能的影响. 超临界干燥处理的前驱物经1200 ℃焙烧后, 得到磁铅石型六铝酸盐气溶胶, 其具有较高的比表面积(16 m2·g-1)和甲烷燃烧活性; 然而高温(1300-1400 ℃)老化导致该六铝酸盐严重烧结, 比表面积和催化活性急剧下降. 研究结果表明, 对一定温度范围内(≤1200 ℃)焙烧的六铝酸盐催化剂, 超临界干燥法有助于改善其热稳定性和催化活性, 但高温(>1200 ℃)老化后, 催化剂的抗热烧结和催化性能主要由材料的组成和固有结构性质决定.     

逆微乳液法合成六铝酸盐甲烷燃烧催化剂

采用逆微乳液为媒介合成六铝酸盐及其金属取代系列甲烷燃烧催化剂.首先研制了由表面活性剂、助剂、油相和水相四组分逆微乳液拟三元体系相图,选择十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,脂肪醇为助剂,正辛烷为油相和水相[或Al(NO3)3溶液].研究了助剂脂肪醇链长、表面活性剂与助剂相对量和盐浓度对微乳液体系形成和稳定性影响,并以电导率随水含量变化的规律很好地印证了微乳液体系的相行为.选取相图中稳定微乳区合成了具有高温稳定性的甲烷催化燃烧催化剂六铝酸镧[La(Mnx/Fex)Al12-xO19-δ].用BET、TG-DTA和XRD表征了催化剂的物性和结构,并在微型固定床反应器中考察了对甲烷燃烧的催化活性.结果表明,利用逆微乳液作为反应介质使催化剂前驱体分散更充分,使六铝酸盐晶相形成的温度有效地降低到950℃.Fe取代的六铝酸盐具有较好高温催化活性和热稳定性,而Mn取代的同晶体则具有较好的低温催化活性,Fe和Mn离子同时对Al3 进行取代时,由于两者之间存在的协同效应明显提高了催化剂的催化活性和比表面,T10仅为475℃,T90为660℃.     

尿素加入量对水热合成法制备Mn取代六铝酸盐催化剂的影响

采用以尿素水解为基础的水热合成法制备了Mn取代的镧六铝酸盐催化剂.研究了尿素加入量对所制备催化剂的化学组成、相结构、孔结构及甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.n(尿素)/n(M⁺)(其中M⁺为带单位正电荷的金属离子)为1.0时,Mn²⁺离子沉淀不完全,所得催化剂甲烷催化燃烧活性较低.n(尿素)/n(M⁺)增加到2.0时,Mn²⁺离子沉淀完全,催化剂中六铝酸盐相增加,平均孔直径增大,甲烷催化燃烧活性提高.n(尿素)/n(M⁺)再增加至4.0时,比表面积降低,六铝酸盐相减少,平均孔直径降低,甲烷催化燃烧活性下降.n(尿素)/n(M⁺)为2.0时,所制备的催化剂在780℃及反应生成水蒸汽下运行100h,催化剂比表面积及甲烷燃烧活性都保持稳定.     

制备方法对锰Mn掺杂钾六铝酸盐催化剂催化甲烷燃烧性能的影响

以甲烷催化燃烧为目标反应,通过共沉淀法、溶胶凝胶法和反相微乳液法制备了Mn掺杂六铝酸盐催化剂,用XRD和TG-DTA技术对催化剂进行了物理性能表征,通过BET模型计算了其比表面积。结果说明3种方法所制备催化剂经1 200℃焙烧4h后均可以形成完整的六铝酸盐晶型,同时都具有高的催化性能和高温稳定性,其中反相微乳液法制备的K2MnAl11O19催化剂具有较高的比表面积和甲烷催化燃烧活性,起燃温度T10%为458℃,至676℃甲烷完全转化。     

BaMnxAl12-xO19-δ六铝酸盐催化剂上甲烷催化燃烧性能

采用共沉淀-超临界干燥法制备了六铝酸盐甲烷燃烧催化剂（BaMnxAl12-xO19,x≤4）,利用XRD（X射线衍射）,BET（BET比表面积测定）,TEM（透射电子显微镜）和TPR（程序升温还原）等表征方法对催化剂进行了表征,并在微型固定床反应器中考察其对甲烷的催化活性。结果表明,经过1200~C焙烧后,六铝酸钡（BaAl12O19）中仍有铝酸钡（BaAl2O4）相存在,经Mn离子取代后可以得到单一的六铝酸盐相,过量Mn的加入（当x=4时）,催化剂中又出现了杂质相,且XRD的衍射峰强度变小。TPR表征结果表明,Mn在六铝酸盐结构中以＋2和＋3混合价态存在,Mn^3＋离子的比例随x的增大而增多。实验结果表明：与普通干燥法相比较,超临界干燥法可大大提高催化剂的比表面积,它对甲烷燃烧的催化活性也有增加。未取代活性离子的六铝酸钡基质对甲烷燃烧催化活性很低,经Mn离子取代后活性大大提高,当x=3时催化活性最高。     

CeO2/BaMnAl11O19-α催化剂制备及甲烷催化燃烧研究

采用反相微乳液法制备了BaMAl11O19-α (M=Mn, Co, Ce)催化剂,研究了M对催化剂相组成、比表面积和甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.Mn促进六铝酸盐的形成,Mn基催化剂比表面积虽低,甲烷燃烧活性却较高.Ce 基催化剂的热稳定性高,比表面积大幅度增加,但甲烷催化燃烧活性比Mn基催化剂低.Ce和Mn的共同作用使CeO2/BaMnAl11O19-α催化剂不仅比表面积较大,而且具有较高的甲烷燃烧活性.在100 h连续试验中,CeO2/BaMnAl11O19-α催化剂活性稳定,有望成为催化热汽轮机燃烧器的潜在催化剂之一.     

La、Ba离子对高温燃烧催化剂六铝酸盐结构和性质的影响

La、Ba离子对高温燃烧催化剂六铝酸盐结构和性质的影响;甲烷高温燃烧催化剂;六铝酸盐;La离子;Ba离子     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.