MnO2预处理对LiMn2O4性能的影响研究

以经过硝酸预处理的电解二氧化锰为原料制备尖晶石LiMn2O4,采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、恒电流充放电对LiMn2O4进行物相、形貌及电化学性质分析.结果表明:采用经硝酸预处理MnO2制备的LiMn2O4粉末X射线衍射峰比未经硝酸预处理MnO2制备的LiMn2O4强度大,峰更尖锐,结晶性更好,粉末颗粒均匀,表面光滑,无团聚现象.经预处理MnO2制备的LiMn2O4在0.2C倍率放电时的比容量为121.1 mAh/g,高于未经预处理MnO2制备的LiMn2O4放电比容量116.7mAh/g,在室温或高温(55℃)不同充放电倍率循环时的容量保持率均高于未经预处理MnO2制备的LiMn2O4.     

多周期溅射单质靶制备铜锌锡硫薄膜电池

采用多周期磁控溅射单质靶Cu-Sn-Zn制备CZTS薄膜太阳电池.多周期包含两周期和四周期,同时与单周期制备的CZTS薄膜电池作对比.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和拉曼光谱仪(Raman)对不同周期得到的CZTS薄膜的晶体性质、表面样貌、化学成分等性质进行分析研究.分析结果显示,多周期制备的CZTS薄膜晶体质量要比单周期的好,表面均匀致密.重要的是四周期溅射制备的CZTS薄膜是研究的最佳实验组.最终把不同周期得到的CZTS薄膜制备成完整的器件结构,得到的太阳电池效率分别是:单周期2.64;,两周期3.01;,四周期3.36;.     

不同合成方法对LiMgPO4∶Dy发光性能的影响

分别采用高温固相法和溶胶凝胶法合成了LiMgPO₄和LiMgPO₄∶Dy,通过热重-差热热分析仪、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、场发射高倍扫描电镜、紫外可见分光光度计和荧光分光光度计研究了不同合成方法对LiMgPO₄∶Dy晶体结构、形貌和发光性能的影响。结果表明，溶胶凝胶法的最低合成温度为750℃且晶体中几乎不存在其他晶相，而高温固相法在950℃合成的晶体中仍然存在少量Mg₃(PO₄)₂晶相；相比于高温固相法，溶胶凝胶法合成的样品形貌比较规则；两种方法合成的样品在可见光区域光吸收能力差，而在紫外区域高温固相法合成的样品光吸收能力明显较高；高温固相法合成的LiMgPO₄∶Dy光学带隙范围为3.76～3.93 eV,溶胶凝胶法合成的LiMgPO₄∶Dy光学带隙范围为3.85～3.94 eV,合成方法对样品的光学带隙影响较小。LiMgPO₄∶Dy的最佳激发波长为350 nm,最强发射峰位于579...     

Integrated approach to establish the sinter-crystallization ability of glasses from secondary raw material

The sinter-crystallization ability of two glasses obtained by post-treated bottom ash of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) at two particle size (coarse and fine) was investigated. The phase formation was estimated by DTA and XRD, while the sintering process was evaluated by optical dilatometry, linear shrinkage and water absorption. The porosity variations were estimated by density measurements. The microstructure and morphology of the glass-ceramics were observed by scanning electron microscopy. This integrated experimental approach together with theoretical study (by the methods of Ginsberg, Raschin-Tschetveritkov and Lebedeva) permitted to establish a better sinter-crystallization ability for the glass obtained from coarse MSWI ash fraction.     

Comparison of cadmium manganese telluride crystals grown by traveling heater method and vertical Bridgman method

In this paper, the CdMnTe crystals were grown by the Travelling Heater Method (THM) and the Vertical Bridgman (VB) method, respectively. The crystal properties, including the Mn axial distribution, impurity concentrations, resistivity, Hall effects and energy response spectra, were characterized and compared. The results shown that the CdMnTe crystal grown by the THM had more uniform Mn distribution and lower impurity concentrations compared to the crystal grown by VB method. The resistivity of CdMnTe grown by THM was (1.5 ∼ 8) × 10¹⁰ Ω.cm, while the resistivity of CdMnTe grown by VB was 10⁷∼10⁸ Ω.cm. The In dopant distributed uniformly throughout the crystal ingot grown by THM with the doping concentration of 0.6–0.7 ppm, while the In dopant concentration throughout the crystal grown by VB method is in the range of 1.31–2.4 ppm. Hall measurements revealed that the conductivity of the THM grown crystal was weak n‐type conductivity and the VB grown crystal was p‐type conductivity. A planar CdMnTe detector from the THM grown crystal showed a resolution of 8% of the ²⁴¹Am radiation at 59.5 keV peak, however, no energy response was revealed with the CdMnTe detector by the VB method. The results demonstrate that CdMnTe crystal grown by THM have better crystal quality and detector properties compared to that by VB method.     

ZnO纳米结构减反射层特性优化及对太阳能电池性能的影响

利用电化学沉积法在铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳能电池表面沉积一层ZnO纳米结构阵列减反射层.通过对沉积电位的操控,实现了对该纳米结构减反射层形貌、光学质量、反射率等特性的优化.在电池表面蒸镀电极后测试电池的电流电压曲线可知,相比于没有减反层的电池,沉积了纳米结构减反射层的电池利用氧化锌纳米结构的亚波长尺寸形成的蛾眼效应有效降低了表面光反射,增加光吸收,从而实现短路电流增加6.2;,电池效率提高了9.9;.     

以尿素为氮源合成AlN粉体过程中非晶碳的石墨化

针对有机合成过程中碳及碳化物的残余,传统方法中普遍使用除碳的工艺,而很少有文章针对非晶碳的结构和形貌进行表征。为此,本文采用高尿素含量的前驱盐体系,通过在氮气保护气氛中煅烧获得AlN粉体。采用X射线衍射分析、红外和拉曼光谱分析、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对850~1 500 ℃温度范围内煅烧获得产物的结构和形貌进行表征,对AlN合成过程中含碳产物结构形貌的变化,以及AlN和含碳产物之间相互的依存生长关系进行分析。结果表明,AlN生长的过程中伴随着无定形碳的石墨化转变,AlN颗粒的形貌也受含碳残余产物形貌的影响而出现有规律的变化。     

Analysis of the feasibility of Avrami equation to amino acid endcapped PPDO crystallization by using Malek and Mitsuhashi method

Typically, the crystallization kinetics behaviour of biodegradable polyester could be described by the Avrami equation; however, for the appropriate application of this equation, some assumptions are required. Under conventional conditions of isothermal crystallization without nucleating agents, homogeneous nucleation is the key factor for the compatibility of this equation. On account of structural characteristics, the homogeneous nucleation of polymers is possibly affected by several factors. In this study, we investigated the isothermal crystallization of four PPDOs end‐capped with amino acids, followed by the Avrami equation analysis. After employing the method reported by Malek and Mitsuhashi, the L‐Gly‐ end‐capped PPDO and L‐Leu‐, L‐Phe‐end‐capped PPDO crystallized at higher temperatures were not suitable for analysis by the Avrami equation. In addition, this result was substantiated by reasoning the polymer chains’ mobility which could be affected by the terminated amino acids’ steric hindrance and crystallization temperatures, subsequently affecting homogeneous nucleation.     

Züchtung und Eigenschaften von Mangan-, Kobalt-und Zinkmanganatkristallen

Crystals of the manganates of manganese, cobalt, zinc have been grown from a flux solution of PbO-PbF₂ by slow cooling. Their lattice constants are compared with dates of sintered products (from literature). It resulted by comparison of the densities obtained by X-ray and by pycnometer that the deficit of oxygen is caused by anionic vacancies in the lattice.     

Structure,chemical durability and crystallization behavior of incinerator-based glassy systems

Vitrification by melting is being proposed as a convenient method to solidify different kinds of silicate and other oxide-based inorganic wastes. Incinerator bottom and fly ashes have been mixed with glass cullet, feldspar and clay by-products as melting fluxing agents. Washing, drying, and grinding pre-treatments followed by melting at 1450 °C lead to the formation of glasses and glass-ceramics, depending on the starting materials composition and thermal treatment. The obtained glasses have been studied by SEM, chemical durability tests in aqueous and alkaline environment, leaching test (UNI 10802), and by differential thermal analysis. The glass-ceramics morphology was investigated by XRD and SEM. The results were explained by the structure of the glasses caused by the presence of different amount of modifiers in the glassy lattice. The obtained glasses show good chemical resistance, in particular in alkaline environment and thermal characterization highlighted that the materials are also suitable to obtain glass-ceramics.     

Systematic study of epitaxy growth uniformity in a specific MOCVD reactor

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a direct bandgap semiconductor widely used in bright light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Thin‐film GaN is grown by metal‐organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technique. Reliability, efficiency and durability of LEDs are influenced critically by the quality of GaN films. In this report, a systematic study has been performed to investigate and optimize the growth process. Fluid flow, heat transfer and chemical reactions are calculated for a specific close‐coupled showerhead (CCS) MOCVD reactor. Influences of reactor dimensions and growth parameters have been examined after introducing the new conceptions of growth uniformity and growth efficiency. It is found that GaN growth rate is mainly affected by the concentration of (CH3)3Ga:NH3 on the susceptor, while growth uniformity is mainly influenced by the recirculating flows above the susceptor caused by natural convection. Effect of gas inlet temperature and the susceptor temperature over the growth rate can be explained by two competing mechanisms. High growth efficiency can be achieved by optimizing the reactor design.     

金属有机分解法制备钛酸铜钙薄膜

采用金属有机分解法(MOD)在p-S i(111)衬底上制备了钛酸铜钙(CaCu3Ti4O12)薄膜。对前驱体溶液粉体退火后做了红外和X射线分析;对薄膜退火后做了X射线和原子力显微镜分析。结果表明,在空气中750℃退火1h后,钛酸铜钙结晶良好;钛酸铜钙薄膜的生长为二维生长模式。     

Hyperpolarizability,Hirshfeld, and density functional theory computations of a nonlinear optical picrate

bis(2-nitroaniline) picrate (BNP) single crystals was grown by slow evaporation growth technique using mixed solvent system with methanol–acetone (1:1, v/v) at a constant temperature, and the structure was interpreted by single crystal X-ray, Power Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions were interpreted, and crystal cohesion was architectured by N-H···O, O-H···O, C-H···N, H···H, O···O, and π···π staking interactions. All intermolecular interactions occurring in the crystal lattice were calculated using fingerprint analysis. Interaction strengths were graphically illustrated by the Hirshfeld surface analysis. The band gap energy of BNP was estimated by the application of the Kubelka–Munk algorithm. Nonlinear optical behavior was confirmed by the Kurtz–Perry technique. Optimized geometry was derived by the density functional theory calculations. The first-order molecular hyperpolarizability (β) and excited state energies were estimated by the time-dependent density functional theory analysis.     

Template effects on the morphology of ZnO via colloidal crystals with different functional groups

ZnO is an important wide bandgap compound semiconducting material and exhibits a wide range of novel structures that can be grown by tuning the growth rates along its fast growth directions. Highly ordered macroporous materials by using colloidal crystal template method are of great interest in many fields including photonic crystals and catalysts. In this study, ZnO with highly ordered porous structure was deposited by different electrochemical method. Nanomeshes, inverse opal structures, and spherical/ellipsoidal particles with pore arrays are fabricated by the colloidal crystals with different functional groups. The template effects on the morphology of the macroporous structures for different surface groups are studied. All the nanomeshes grows along the {111} plane family by colloidal crystals without functional groups. Disordered arrangements of the nanomeshes are induced by colloidal crystals with hydroxyl groups. The inverse opal structures fabricated by template with carboxyl groups are smoother in surface.     

新型纯二维嵌套复式周期结构光子晶体的光学禁带特性及制备研究

本文提出了一种两套晶格嵌套的全新纯二维嵌套复式周期光子晶体结构,并通过理论计算获得了外周期结构调制禁带位置,内周期的细微结构通过填充率的改变和结构的周期效应调制禁带宽度的新型禁带特性,从理论上验证了嵌套结构利用小尺寸周期调制大波长禁带的可行性.同时首次利用软刻蚀图案掩膜保护电化学阳极氧化方法制备出了这种全新嵌套复式周期结构.     

Synthesis, characterization and activity of Ru/SiO2 catalysts prepared by the sol-gel method

The preparation of ruthenium catalysts by the sol-gel method is described. The preparation consists of adding the active metal to a sol which, by hydrolysis and codensation reactions turns into a gel. The catalytic activity for benzene hydrogenation shown by these catalysts is higher than that of catalysts prepared by impregnation of a commercial silica. A superior resistance to catalytic autodeactivation is observed for catalysts prepared by this method.     

Crystal structure of a new Mn, Na-ordered analogue of eudialyte with the symmetry R3

The crystal structure of a new representative of the eudialyte family was studied. This mineral is characterized by a low calcium content and by ordering the elements that isomorphically replace calcium, which lowers the symmetry from R3m to R3. The structure of the sample under study consists of the six-membered rings with two octahedra of substantially different volumes, one occupied mainly by manganese and the other, mainly by sodium and characterized by the average distances of 2.22 and 2.45 Å, respectively. The formation of such octahedra is the most characteristic structural feature of the third low-symmetry mineral of the eudialyte family.     

溶解-析晶法制备结构可控的氟羟基磷灰石微球

以羟基磷灰石(HAP)粉体为原料,用简便方法制备氟羟基磷灰石(FAP)微球.将HAP粉体在不同pH值的NaOAc缓冲液中充分搅拌,加入NaF并水浴加热,制得氟羟基磷灰石(FAP)微球, 并利用TEM、SEM、XRD、FT-IR对微球的结构、成分进行表征, 研究与探讨了微球形成的机制.研究结果表明可以通过改变缓冲液的pH值来控制FAP微球结构.     

Controlled light emission from dye-impregnated porous silicon microcavities

The properties of porous silicon Fabry–Perot microcavities impregnated with oxazine, a fluorescent dye, are investigated by photoluminescence and reflectance spectroscopy. The emission spectrum of the dye is noticeably modified by the cavity structures, being both the peak intensity increased and the linewidth narrowed, while the peak position coincides with that measured by UV–Vis reflectance. The results suggest that is possible, by simple methods, to prepare optically active hybrid materials integrating the properties of the inorganic host structure and of the organic guest.     

Results of texture simulation in b.c.c. materials

Rolling textures of b.c.c. polycrystals are simulated by the „full constraint”︁ (FC)- and the „relaxed constraint”︁ (RC)-Taylor model, by the FC-model with glide asymmetry in {112}〈111〉slip systems included, by a combination of FC- and RC-model, and by this combination with glide asymmetry included, respectively. Several cases of activated slip system families have been investigated. Simulation results are compared qualitatively with experimental ones.