普通话声调及其组合的统计特性

本文对普通话书面语中声调及其组合的出现率作了统计，结果表明：声调及其组合的动态与静态的出现率有差异，反映了语言和人类其他行为一样，受最小用力原则制约。声调的动态和静态的分布趋势一致，四声出现率按去声、阳平、阴平、上声的顺序递减。声调组合出现率与多音节词音节的组合数量、组合位置、组合结构有关，受语词节奏的支配，节奏成为多音节词的构词要素之一。声调搭配结构反映了对声调组合出现率起决定作用的是说着简捷、省力和听着清晰、可懂的发音原则。双、三、四音节词的声调分布所形成的语音节奏，似乎反映了声带振动频率由高至低的渐变过程是多音节词中声调分布的一般趋势。统计结果为进一步研究普通话口语中连读变调的统计特性提供了依据。文中列有普通话声调和双、三、四音节词的全部声调组合的动态分布数据。     

相容拉氏方法中的ADRS近似Riemann解算器

基于可压缩多介质流动问题，分析AC（acoustic），MFCAV（multi fluid channel on averaged volume）和HLLC等近似Riemann解算器的优缺点，通过加权组合的方式设计一种自适应近似Riemann解算器ADRS（adaptive Riemann solver），详细介绍加权组合的自适应选取原则.将ADRS写成AC解算器的修正形式应用于健壮性好的相容中心型拉氏方法.给出Taylor Green vortex稳态流问题的误差分析等数值算例.     

电子线路多级过电压保护电路的分析

本文基于电子线路的多级过电压保护装置的设计原则,提出了把低通滤波器件和限幅器件组合在一起的组合防雷系统,并采用电磁暂态计算程序EMTP分析了低虎波器元件参数对保护性能的影响和其幅频特性。同时,本文还提出了过电压冲击自动报警与计数系统设计的可行性方案。     

天文/惯性组合导航模式研究

简要分析了惯性导航及天文导航系统的工作原理和特点，根据以自主惯性导航为主发展的组合导航系统的方向，提出天文/惯性组合导航系统不同的组合模式，重点探讨了直接校正陀螺漂移的天文/惯性导航新的组合模式并进行理论分析。     

富勒烯／高聚物电荷转移体系的物理研究

富勒烯／高聚物组合体系是物理化学，材料等交叉学科研究的一个热点，该组合体系中电荷会对组合体系的物理，光学及非线性光学特性产生很大的影响。文章对富勒烯／高聚物组合体系中电荷转移的发生条件，其对体系特性的影响及研究电荷转移过程的实验方法和结果作了全面扼要的介绍。     

汉语人机对话系统语音试验材料集设计

根据汉语语音特点,为汉语人机对话系统设计了反映汉语语音主要特征、现象的语音试验材料集,作为汉语人机对话系统语音知识库的素材,用于研究语音合成规则、训练语音识别模板等.语音材料的选择以全面、典型、适量为原则,以反映汉语语音的韵律特征和音色特征的变化规律为目的,分别以声调及其组合、声韵组合为基础选择语音材料.全部材料已用数字录音机录制完毕.     

组合闪烁探测系统的中子能量响应测量

在n、γ混合脉冲辐射场的裂变中子测量中，为了抑制γ内本底，提高探测系统的信噪比，采用加Pb过滤片的方法，建立了两套组合闪烁探测系统，即：“Pb过滤片加塑料闪烁体加光电倍增管”系统(简称组合PMT系统)、“Pb过滤片加塑料闪烁体加光电管”系统(简称组合PD系统)。通过理论计算和多能点实验标定，获得了在厚度为3cm的Pb过滤片条件下，不同厚度的ST．40l、ST-1422或ST-1423闪烁体的组成的“组合PMT系统和组合PD系统”的中子灵敏度能量响应。     

一种新的惯性／天文组合导航方法研究

针对传统的惯性／天文组合定位定向法不能有效修正惯性导航系统传感器误差所造成的导航误差，研究了一种新的惯性／天文组合导航方法。利用天文导航系统的量测，在初始对准后估计并补偿加速度计偏置误差，在组合导航过程中闭环修正陀螺漂移误差，进而提高组合导航的姿态、速度及定位精度。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性，并通过与传统组合方法仿真结果的比较，证明了此方法的优越性。     

组合抽运DPL声光调Q特性研究

端-侧面组合抽运方案是提高DPL调Q脉冲峰值功率和压缩脉冲宽度的有效技术途径。借助给出的一组端-侧面组合抽运DPL声光调Q实验结果，依据调Q速率方程，理论分析了组合抽运光的空间分布对调Q脉冲特性的影响，数值计算结果与实验结果一致。实验和理论研究发现：组合抽运时的脉冲宽度明显小于侧面抽运时的脉冲宽度，峰值功率明显高于侧面抽运时的峰值功率。实验和分析结果表明：在总抽运功率和抽运结构确定的情况下，端面抽运光功率在总抽运功率中的占有率越大，脉冲宽度越窄，脉冲峰值功率越高。通过调整端面抽运光功率占有率，改变组合抽运光的空间分布，可以实现对DPL调Q脉冲特性的控制。     

e~ e~-湮灭中的夸克组合律

本文指出,夸克组合中快度近关联与QCD的要求一致,并与慢强子先产生原则一起,完全确定夸克组合律,并自动排除重子偶素的产生.给出了N对夸克随机组成介子、重子与反重子的计算公式.把它用于e~ e~-湮灭,根本不需另引入双夸克对的真空激发等假定,即自然解释了重子的显著产生。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.