热塑性淀粉力学性能的提升途径及作用机理

以可再生资源(如淀粉、纤维素和蛋白质等)为基础发展而来的生物可降解塑料受到人们越来越多的关注,是可降解塑料行业发展的重要方向之一。天然淀粉由于来源广、低成本和可生物降解的特点,广泛用于制备淀粉塑料,并用于农业、食品、医药和包装等行业,有望取代石油基衍生聚合物。淀粉大分子具有结晶结构,所含大量羟基可形成较强的分子间和分子内氢键,使其不能热塑加工,而当加入增塑剂后可破坏其结晶结构,从而用于制备热塑性淀粉。目前,热塑性淀粉的力学性能差,是影响其使用性能的首要问题。近年来国内外开展了大量的研究以试图增强其力学性能。本文主要以不同类型的热塑性淀粉为基础,以淀粉自身改性和外加组分改性两种提高其力学性能的途径为主线,以其力学性能的提升方法和作用机理为重点,系统总结了近年来国内外以提高热塑性淀粉材料的力学性能为目的的研究工作,归纳了影响力学性能的相关因素以及提升途径,并对该领域重点研究的内容进行了总结和展望。     

胶原及明胶基天然高分子复合材料研究进展

胶原及其降解物—明胶是自然界中存在的一类丰富的绿色资源,来源广泛,具有可再生、可降解的"绿色"特性。将它们与其它物质复合形成新的复合材料,有着良好的性能和新的特性从而使其具有广阔的应用前景。日益严峻的环境问题,石油资源濒临匮乏,废旧材料的回收等问题使得人们更加寻求新的绿色的环境友好材料。本文根据天然资源各自的结构和性质,从复合方法和机理出发,综述了胶原及明胶与其它天然高分子(壳聚糖、淀粉、丝素蛋白、海藻酸钠)进行共混和复合以制备新的生物复合材料方面的研究进展。     

热塑性淀粉的制备、性质及应用研究进展

淀粉由于可降解、来源广泛、价格低廉、可再生而被认为是最具发展前景的生物降解材料之一,因此,热塑性淀粉材料的研究与开发备受关注。本文综述了近年来热塑性淀粉材料的研究进展情况,内容主要涉及了热塑性淀粉的制备、性质和应用。     

无机物对淀粉塑料力学性能影响的研究进展

淀粉以其来源广、成本低、可完全降解的特点已成为制备生物可降解塑料的重要来源。近年来,淀粉塑料的研究和应用发展迅速,其核心是不断提高其各项使用性能(如力学、耐水性能等)。当前,无机或矿物填料被广泛应用于复合材料中来提高材料的性能,本文主要根据无机物的种类不同,综述了典型的氧化物、氢氧化物,以及碳酸盐、硅酸盐、磷酸盐等盐类对淀粉塑料力学性能的影响,归纳了近期的研究成果,分析了该领域研究的热点和难点,并对今后的发展趋势提出了展望。     

淀粉塑料现状及发展前景

降解塑料发展迅速,经历了一段鱼龙混杂的开发过程后,人们终于认识到只有开发真正可降解的塑料才能对环境友好,造福人类,本文简述了目前国内外淀粉塑料发展现状并对各淀粉塑料的优缺点进行了分析,指出了春发展前景将是十分广阔的。     

生物降解高分子/羟基磷灰石复合材料研究进展

由于高分子/HA复合材料兼具HA优良的生物性能和高分子材料良好的力学性能而受到了广泛的重视.本文综述了近年来生物降解高分子/羟基磷灰石复合材料的研究进展,介绍了胶原及其衍生物、聚酯、甲壳素及其衍生物、淀粉等可降解高分子材料与羟基磷灰石复合作为骨修复材料的研究进展,并对此类材料存在的问题和发展前景进行了讨论.     

无机物对淀粉塑料阻隔性能影响的研究进展

能源危机以及环境污染使得生物可降解型塑料成为替代石油基塑料的重要研究方向。淀粉因其绿色无毒、价格低廉、生物可降解的特点,使淀粉塑料成为生物可降解塑料的研究重点之一。淀粉塑料在实际使用过程中,周围环境中的水分、氧气、紫外光以及材料自身的燃烧火焰都会对其使用性能产生决定性的影响,如何阻挡和消除这些影响,作者称之"阻隔性能"。本文从不同种类的无机物出发,系统综述了氧化物、金属盐等在淀粉塑料对水分、火焰、氧气和紫外光的抑制及阻隔方面的影响,归纳了国内外近期的研究成果,并对今后的发展趋势提出了展望。     

淀粉基高分子材料的研究进展

概述了近5年国内外在淀粉的化学、物理改性及其作为一种材料使用方面取得的最新研究进展.淀粉的化学改性主要介绍了淀粉的酯化、醚化、氧化、交联、接枝共聚等,而物理改性主要介绍了淀粉分别与黏土、脂肪族聚酯、聚乙烯醇以及纤维素等天然大分子的共混改性,同时还介绍了通过酸化制备淀粉纳米晶.淀粉基材料除了用于制备可生物降解塑料、吸附材...     

淀粉填充塑料研究的进展

本文回顾了淀粉填充塑料的发展历史和国内外研究和开发现状，讨论了其制备、加工、应用及降解性能。在分析结构－性能关系的基础上，指出制备淀粉填充塑料的关键在于提高淀粉与基体树脂的相容性和控制淀粉分散相形态，以及引入适当的光降解机理从而赋予材料可预测的使用寿命和彻底的降解特性。     

淀粉衍生物的研究及应用

简要介绍了淀粉的结构和特点,以及物理改性、化学改性和酶法改性的基本原理,着重介绍了化学改性的基本原理,详细介绍了氧化淀粉、醚化淀粉和酯化淀粉的制备及应用,并对淀粉衍生物的研究方向作了展望,认为复合改性淀粉是未来淀粉化学品的发展趋势。淀粉衍生物可广泛应用于食品、纺织、造纸、医药等众多领域,具有广阔的发展前景。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.