A New Determination of the Lambda-Nucleon Coupling Constants in Relativistic Mean Field Theory

A new determination of the Lambda-nucleon coupling constants in relativistic mean field theory is presented by optimizing both hyperon binding energy and spin-orbit splitting. Hypernuclear single particle spectra with the new coupling constants suggest the good agreement between the calculation and available data. The spin-orbit splitting of hyperon in medium mass hypernuclei is systematically larger than that in light- or heavy-mass hypernuclei. The sensitivity of the Lambda spin-orbit splitting to the omega-Lambda-Lambda tensor coupling term is also explored.     

相对论平均场理论对∧,Ξ和∑超核的研究(英文)

基于相对论平均场理论,系统地研究了单∧,Ξ和∑超核,超子-核子相互作用通过拟合实验数据以及参照之前理论工作来确定。以16O为核芯,通过加入不同类型超子（∧,Ξ0,-和∑+,0,-）,比较了超子的平均势场和单粒子能级,并研究了对核芯的杂质效应。整体上看,∧和Ξ0超子在大块性质上类似;Ξ0超子平均势场最浅;库仑相互作用对于带电超子Ξ-,∑+和∑-非常重要。作为杂质,原子核中加入超子会使整个体系更束缚。然而,不同超子对原子核的半径有不同效应。此外,讨论了ωYY张量耦合,发现其对超子的能级劈裂有显著影响,甚至导致Ξ超子中出现能级反转现象。Single ∧, Ξ, and ∑ hypernuclei are systematically studied within the framework of relativistic mean-field (RMF) model with YN interactions being constrained according to the experimental data and previous theoretical efforts. By adding a hyperon to 16O, the mean-field potentials and single-particle levels for hyperons (∧, Ξ0,-, and ∑+,0,-) are compared and the impurity effects on the nuclear core are examined. In general, the ∧ and ∑0 hyperons show similar behaviors in bulk properties since both of them are electroneutral and with similar coupling constants; Ξ0 hyperon owns the shallowest mean-field potential well; and Coulomb interactions play vital roles in the charged Ξ-, ∑-, and ∑+ hyperons. As an impurity, the intruded single-hyperon makes the nuclear system more bound in most cases due to the attractive NY interaction. However, very different effects on the nucleon radii are observed for different hyperons. Besides, the effects of the ωYY tensor couplings on the spin-orbit splitting are discussed, and remarkable influences are found which even change the level ordering of Ξ hyperon.     

Towards Lambda-nucleon coupling constants in relativistic mean field theory

New parameter sets for Λ-nucleon coupling in relativistic mean field theory are proposed based on nucleon-nucleon effective interaction PK1. Hypernuclear properties are described well through a systematical study. Effects of hyperon tensor coupling term on spin-orbit splitting are also investigated self-consistently.     

The Role of One Single Lambda Hyperon on Binding Energy Difference of Hypernuclear Mirror Pair

Investigation on isospin symmetry in light Lambda hypernuclei is one of the most important issues in hypemuclear physics.In order to know the influences introduced by a single Lambda hyperon,we study the binding energy difference of mirror hypemuclear pair with mass A = 16,18,28,40,and 42 using a time-odd triaxial relativistic mean field theory.Effects as the spin-orbit interaction,the time-odd component of vector fields,the core polarization,the proton-neutron mass difference,and the center-of-mass energy correction are self-consistently considered.Compared to the reported results of ordinary nuclei,the binding energy difference of mirror hypernuclei shows trivial change.With core polarization modified by an impurity hyperon,the isospin nonconserving effect between proton and neutron is hardly reduced for nuclei in study.     

The Role of One Single Lambda Hyperon on Binding Energy Difference of Hypernuclear Mirror Pair

Investigation on isospin symmetry in light Lambda hypernuclei is one of the most important issues in hypernuclear physics. In order to know the influences introduced by a single Lambda hyperon, we study the binding energy difference of mirror hypernuclear pair with mass A=16, 18, 28, 40, and 42 using a time-odd triaxial relativistic mean field theory. Effects as the spin-orbit interaction, the time-odd component of vector fields, the core polarization, the proton-neutron mass difference, and the center-of-mass energy correction are self-consistently considered. Compared to the reported results of ordinary nuclei, the binding energy difference of mirror hypernuclei shows trivial change. With core polarization modified by an impurity hyperon, the isospin nonconserving effect between proton and neutron is hardly reduced for nuclei in study.     

Structure of neutron-rich Λ hypernuclei

Properties of light neutron-rich Λ hypernuclei (¹⁶ _ΛC, ¹² _ΛBe, and ¹¹ _ΛLi) are calculated within the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach. Interplay between hypernuclear interaction features and properties of these hypernuclei is studied. Response of weakly bound neutron states to hyperon addition depends generally on core distortion by hyperon, and it is essentially different for the different states. This response is especially sensitive to details of the ΛN interaction for 1p _1/2 states. Implications of the nuclear spin-orbit potential and nuclear incompressibility in the neutron-rich system properties are inferred. Dependence of the Λ binding energies in hypernuclei on Z at fixed A is discussed. Received: 16 December 1998     

The quark-meson coupling model for Λ, Σ and Ξ hypernuclei

The quark-meson coupling (QMC) model, which has been successfully used to describe the properties of both infinite nuclear matter and finite nuclei, is applied to a systematic study of Λ, Σ and Ξ hypernuclei. Assumptions made in the present study are, (i) the (self-consistent) exchanged scalar, and vector, mesons couple only to the u and d quarks, and (ii) an SU(6) valence quark model for the bound nucleons and hyperon. The model automatically leads to a very weak spin-orbit interaction for the Λ in a hypernucleus. Effects of the Pauli blocking at the quark level, particularly in the open, coupled, ΣN-ΛN chanel (strong conversion), is also taken into account in a phenomenological way.     

对Λ超核的相对论平均场计算

使用新的相对论平均场力参数TW1和ML-SH对A超核的基态性质进行了研究,发现上述参数能得到Λ超核令人满意的理论结果,两套参数的结果差别不大,特别是Λ超核的结果不依赖于有效核子一核子相互作用力参数,在研究超核中考虑了对关联的影响,发现它导致了奇偶效应.     

Vertex constants (asymptotic normalization coefficients) and mean-square radii of hypernuclei in the potential model

The vertex constants, asymptotic normalization coefficients, and mean-square radii for a number of Λ hypernuclei have been calculated in a wide range of mass numbers. Interaction of a Λ hyperon with a core nucleus was described by the Woods-Saxon, Hultén, and Yukawa potentials. Geometric parameters of the Woods-Saxon potential were taken from the data in the literature, and the interaction force was fitted to the experimental binding energy of the ground state of this hypernucleus. The parameters of the Hulthén and Yukawa potentials were chosen so as to reproduce simultaneously the binding energy of the hyperon and its mean-square radius calculated with the Woods-Saxon potential. Within the effective-radius approximation, the low-energy parameters for hyperon scattering by the core nucleus are expressed in terms of vertex constants and the numerical values of these parameters are determined.     

The Effect of Hyperon-Hyperon Interaction on Neutron Stars

The equations ofstate of the neutron star matter are calculated in the relativistic mean-field approximation witl different hyperon coupling constants. The properties of neutron stars are studied by solving the OppenheimerVolkoff equation. It manifests the properties of neutron stars - change explicitly as different hyperon coupling constants are concerned.``     

The Effect of Hyperon-Hyperon Interaction on Neutron Stars

The equations of state of the neutron star matter are calculated in the relativistic mean-field approximation with different hyperon coupling constants. The properties of neutron stars are studied by solving the Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation. It manifests the properties of neutron stars — change explicitly as different hyperon coupling constants are concerned.     

The hyperon coupling constants and the surface gravitational redshift of massive neutron stars

With relativistic mean field theory we examine effect of hyperon coupling constants of hyperon Ξ on the surface gravitational redshift of the massive neutron star (NS) PSR J1614-2230 and NS PSR J0348+0432 as the potential well depth of hyperon Ξ is fixed. We find that the mass and radius of a NS increase with the increase of the coupling constant of hyperon Ξ. With the increase of the coupling constant of the hyperon Ξ, the surface gravitational redshift will decrease for a same NS mass but will increase for a same NS radius. The surface gravitational redshift of the more massive NS PSR J0348+0432 decreases by more than that of the less massive NS PSR J1614-2230. We also find that the value range of the surface gravitational redshift of NS will become narrower with the increase of the coupling constant of hyperon Ξ. The greater the NS mass, the greater the influence of the coupling constant of hyperon Ξ on the value range of the surface gravitational redshift of the NS.     

Strangeness exchange reactions and hypernuclear spectroscopy

Recent data obtained by the strangeness exchange reactions on p and s-shell nuclei are analyzed. Using the shell-model to describe the structure of the hypernuclei information about the Λ-nuclues interaction is extracted and compared to previous knowledge. In particular, spin-orbit coupling is found to be much smaller than in the nucleon-nucleus case.     

351-01351-01351-01Boson-fermion dynamical symmetry for hypernuclei

Boson-fermion dynamical symmetry is introduced for hypernuclei with odd proton, odd neutron and hyperon in j=3/2 configurations and with SO(6) boson core.     

Spin-orbit coupling and anisotropy of spin splitting in quantum dots

In lateral quantum dots, the combined effect of both Dresselhaus and Bychkov-Rashba spin-orbit coupling is equivalent to an effective magnetic field +/- B(SO) which has the opposite sign for s(z)= +/- 1/2 spin electrons. When the external magnetic field is perpendicular to the planar structure, the field B(SO) generates an additional splitting for electron states as compared to the spin splitting in the in-plane field orientation. The anisotropy of spin splitting has been measured and then analyzed in terms of spin-orbit coupling in several AlGaAs/GaAs quantum dots by means of resonant tunneling spectroscopy. From the measured values and sign of the anisotropy we are able to determine the dominating spin-orbit coupling mechanism.     

Ni2+：CsMgCl3晶体的光谱精细结构、零场分裂参量及Jahn-Teller效应

应用不可约张量理论构造了三角对称晶场中3d2/3d8态离子的45阶可完全对角化的微扰哈密顿矩阵,研究了CsNiCl3单晶掺入CsMgCl3晶体后光谱精细结构、晶体结构、零场分裂参量、Jahn-Teller效应以及自旋单重态对Ni2+离子基态能级的影响,理论与实验相符合.研究了自旋-自旋耦合作用和Trees修正对Ni2+:CsMgCl3晶体的光谱精细结构和零场分裂参量的影响,发现有五种机理会影响零场分裂参量:(1)自旋-轨道耦合机理;(2)自旋-自旋耦合机理;(3)自旋-轨道与自旋-自旋联合耦合机理;(4)自旋-轨道与Trees修正联合耦合机理,(5)自旋-自旋作用与Trees联合耦合机理.其中自旋-轨道耦合机理是最主要的,其它几种机理也是不可忽略的.     

Ni~(2 )∶CsMgCl_3晶体的光谱精细结构、零场分裂参量及Jahn-Teller效应

应用不可约张量理论构造了三角对称晶场中3d2/3d8态离子的45阶可完全对角化的微扰哈密顿矩阵,研究了CsNiCl3单晶掺入Cs MgCl3晶体后光谱精细结构、晶体结构、零场分裂参量、Jahn-Teller效应以及自旋单重态对Ni2 离子基态能级的影响,理论与实验相符合.研究了自旋-自旋耦合作用和Trees修正对Ni2 :Cs MgCl3晶体的光谱精细结构和零场分裂参量的影响,发现有五种机理会影响零场分裂参量:(1)自旋-轨道耦合机理;(2)自旋-自旋耦合机理;(3)自旋-轨道与自旋-自旋联合耦合机理;(4)自旋-轨道与Trees修正联合耦合机理,(5)自旋-自旋作用与Trees联合耦合机理.其中自旋-轨道耦合机理是最主要的,其它几种机理也是不可忽略的.     

Optical absorption spectra of I3 - molecular ions in KI crystals and aqueous solutions

A semiempirical molecular orbital method including spin-orbit interaction is used to study optical absorption spectra of I₃ ^- molecular ions in (KI + I₂) aqueous solutions and in KI crystals coloured additively or electrolytically. The splitting of two strong absorption bands observed for these specimens is considered to be due to the spin-orbit interaction in the iodine atoms. The values of the spin-orbit coupling constants for I₃ ^- in aqueous solutions and coloured KI crystals are estimated to be 0·56 and about 0·47 eV, respectively. The oscillator strengths of the two strong bands for these specimens is also discussed.     

Properties of Zr hypernuclei in deformed Skyrme Hartree-Fock approach

Properties of the even-N Zr isotopes and their corresponding single-Λ and double-Λ hypernuclei are studied in the deformed Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach. Binding energy, the two-neutron separation energies, radii are studied from beta-stable zone to the neutron drip line in this paper. The neutron drip line nuclei predicted with SLy4 and SkI4 interactions are 122Zr and 138Zr, respectively. The neutron drip line of single-Λ and double-Λ hypernuclei are Λ139Zr and 2Λ142 Zr with SkI4 interaction, respectively. The predicted hyperon drip line hypernuclei with 80Zr and 138Zr cores are 20Λ100Zr and 50Λ188Zr, respectively.     

Band structures of carbon nanotube with spin-orbit coupling interaction

We explore the band structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with two types of spin-orbit couplings. The obtained results indicate that weak Rashba spin-orbit coupling interaction can lead to the breaking of four-fold degeneracy in all tubes even though without the intrinsic SO coupling. The asymmetric splitting between conduction bands and valence bands is caused by both SO couplings at the same time. When the ratio of Rashba spin-orbit coupling to the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling is larger than 3, metallic zigzag nanotube is always metallic conductor, on the contrary it becomes semiconducting properties. However, only when this ratio is equal to about 3 or the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling is much weak, the metallic armchair nanotube still holds the metallic behavior in transport.