Generation of acoustically distributed feedback lasers based on gyrotropic crystals

Oscillation conditions were determined for acoustically distributed feedback (ADFB) lasers based on gyrotropic uniaxial and cubic crystals. The lasing threshold was shown to be higher for the modes with clockwise polarization than for those with counterclockwise polarization. It is established that the regions of maximal amplification for clockwise (counterwise) waves of the gyrotropic crystal are displaced in the direction of decreased (increased) phase detuning, respectively, relative to amplification regions that correspond to the absence of crystal gyrotropy. The ADFB laser was shown to be capable of generating at the Bragg frequency. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 331–335, May–June, 2008.     

Distributed feedback lasers: An overview

Distributed feedback (DFB) lasers were considered promising light-source candidates for coherent optical transmissions over a long-distance. In this paper, the development history of distributed feedback laser diodes (DFB-LDs) is briefly described, followed by a review of the theoretical analysis of DFB structures. Different DFB structures are investigated theoretically, with their performances compared in terms of threshold gain, spectral linewidth, stability, and external differential quantum efficiency. The analysis reveals the need for further improvement of DFB structures and further investigations into other characteristics of DFB-LDs before the DFB-LD can be used more efficiently for coherent optical transmissions.     

Excitability of periodic and chaotic attractors in semiconductor lasers with optoelectronic feedback

The dynamics of a semiconductor laser with AC-coupled nonlinear optoelectronic feedback has been experimentally studied. A period doubling sequence of small periodic and chaotic attractors is observed, each of them displaying excitable features. This scenario is found also in a simplified physical model of the system, thus extending the concept of excitability, usually associated to fixed points, also to the case of higher-dimensional attractors.     

New lasers based on c-cut vanadat crystals

Spectroscopic and lasing properties of c-cut Nd-doped Nd:Gd_0.7Y_0.3VO₄, Nd:YVO₄, and Nd:GdVO₄ crystals were investigated. Spectral tuning from 1062 to 1067 nm was demonstrated. CW, Q-switching and mode-locking regimes for two-color laser operations were realized. A novel THz source based on Q-switch two-color diode-pumped solid state c-cut Nd:GdVO₄ laser with Filter Lio as selective element and the GaSe nonlinear optical crystals as convertor was demonstrated. Terahertz radiation with wavelength 436 mm (0.56 THz) was detected. One picosecond laser pulses in mode-locking diode pumped c-cut vanadat lasers with a Kerr-lens and PbS-doped glasses as saturable absorbers are observed.     

Luminescent transformers based on activated glasses for lasers with lamp pumping

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 95–99, July, 1991.     

Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers John Carroll,James Whiteway and Dick Plumb

Optical and Quantum Electronics -     

Single-mode surface-emitting distributed feedback quantum-cascade lasers based on hybrid waveguide structure

Surface-emitting distributed feedback quantum-cascade lasers operating at λ≈7.8 μm are demonstrated. The metal-covered second-order grating is shallow-etched into the surface of a thin InGaAs contact and cladding layer. This forms a hybrid waveguide and used to achieve relatively low waveguide losses and high coupling strengths. The devices exhibit stable single-mode operation from 90 to 130 K with a side mode suppression ratio above 20 dB. A slope efficiency of 194 mW/A is obtained at 90 K, which is twice higher than that of the Fabry-Perot counterpart.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

分布反馈式光纤激光器的光热调谐方法

针对现有光纤激光器调谐方法通常不能兼顾调谐幅度和调谐速率的问题,提出了一种基于光热效应的调谐方法,有效兼顾了调谐幅度和调谐速率的要求。分析了光纤激光器的输出波长随泵浦功率变化而改变的实验现象,并以980 nm泵浦源自身调谐为例,进行了静态和动态实验,结果表明:基于光热效应的分布反馈式光纤激光器静态调谐幅度达392 MHz/100 mA,动态调谐速率超过2 kHz,验证了光纤激光器光热调谐方案的可行性。     

Dynamics of lasers with two-dimensional distributed feedback

A model of a laser exploiting two-dimensional (2D) distributed feedback is developed. A new feedback mechanism can be realized using a dielectric structure with the width having double-periodical sinusoidal or chessboard modulation. It is shown that 2D Bragg resonator possesses high selectivity over both the longitudinal and the transverse indices. Within semi-classical approach nonlinear dynamics of 2D distributed feedback laser (DFL) is studied and spatial synchronization of radiation from extended active medium is demonstrated.     

Inhomogeneously pumped semiconductor lasers with electronic feedback

Negative electronic feedback (EFB) influences the stability of an inhomogeneously pumped laser; it causes a broadening in its stable region of operation. Negative EFB has a weak effect on the modulation response of an inhomogeneously pumped laser operated CW, but in pulsed operation it causes a decrease in pulsation frequency.     

分布反馈式光纤激光器的光热调谐方法

针对现有光纤激光器调谐方法通常不能兼顾调谐幅度和调谐速率的问题,提出了一种基于光热效应的调谐方法,有效兼顾了调谐幅度和调谐速率的要求。分析了光纤激光器的输出波长随泵浦功率变化而改变的实验现象,并以980 nm泵浦源自身调谐为例,进行了静态和动态实验,结果表明:基于光热效应的分布反馈式光纤激光器静态调谐幅度达392 MHz/100 mA,动态调谐速率超过2 kHz,验证了光纤激光器光热调谐方案的可行性。     

Photon statistics of random lasers with resonant feedback

We have measured the photon statistics of random lasers with resonant feedback. With an increase of the pump intensity, the photon number distribution in a single mode changes continuously from Bose-Einstein distribution at the threshold to Poisson distribution well above the threshold. The second-order correlation coefficient drops gradually from 2 to 1. By comparing the photon statistics of a random laser with resonant feedback and that of a random laser with nonresonant feedback, we illustrate very different lasing mechanisms for the two types of random lasers.     

Self-organization in semiconductor lasers with ultrashort optical feedback

The dynamical behavior of a single-mode laser subject to optical feedback is investigated in the limit, when the delay time is much shorter than the period of the relaxation oscillations. Use of an integrated distributed feedback device allows us to control the feedback phase. We observe two kinds of Hopf bifurcations associated with regular self-pulsations of different frequencies.     

Biharmonic pumping in dye lasers with distributed feedback

Conclusions We have shown that biharmonic pumping can effectively excite traveling population gratings in an active medium when m <(W_o/2 +1/T₁), and temperature gratings if m <(₀x_m)^–1. As the order m increases the population-grating excitation efficiency decreases, while that of the temperature gratings may either increase or decrease. The times taken for the thermal and resonance processes which form the gratings to build up are given by the expressions t=₀x_m, t =T₁/(1 +W₀T₁/2), respectively. In this case distributed feedback is formed by a thermal mechanism if (14) is satisfied, and by resonance mechanism if the opposite inequality is satisfied. The self-excitation threshold over a wide range of parameters depends logarithmically on the amplitude of the grating forming the distributed feedback. Hence, for a comparatively small excess of the threshold, self-excitation of a laser with distributed feedback is possible over a wide spectrum. Thus, for double excess of the self-excitation threshold and T₁ =10^–9 sec, =1, and H =8 lasing over a wide spectrum of 10 cm^–1 is possible.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskipii, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 195–202, February, 1984.We wish to thank A. A. Afanasev and P. A. Apanasevich for useful discussions.     

Injection locking semiconductor lasers with phase conjugate feedback

Phase conjugate injection locking is shown to couple coherently two semiconductor lasers through a double phase conjugate mirror geometry. The mutual coherence and stability of the lock band are characterized from the visibility and relative intensity noise measurements for various levels of phase conjugate coupling and frequency detunings. Side mode phase conjugate injection locking is demonstrated by high mutual coherence with visibility 0.93 and detunings up to nine longitudinal mode spacings at injection levels of −22 dB. Central mode phase conjugate injection locking with high mutual coherence is also possible for feedback levels of −36 dB and exhibiting an asymmetric stable locking region of 350 MHz bandwidth within the locking band. The phase locking is unstable though, the reasons for which are discussed. Increased phase conjugate feedback extends the lock band to greater detunings and asymmetry as in direct injection locking with only a small region showing high mutual coherence. Intensity noise measurements are also discussed.