基于微机电系统的高深宽比气相微色谱柱

色谱柱的微型化是实现气相色谱仪微小型化必须要解决的关键问题之一。该文基于微机电系统技术设计制作了一种具有高深宽比微沟道的气相微色谱柱。通过COMSOL软件进行仿真分析,得出气相微色谱柱具有均匀的流速场分布。测试结果表明,该气相微色谱柱成功分离了烷烃类气体混合物及苯系物,其理论塔板数可达14028 plates/m,C7~C8的分离度最高,为10.82。这种气相微色谱柱由于具有体积小、能耗低、分离性能好等优点,可望在微小型气相色谱仪上获得应用。     

MEMS微型燃料电池*

随着微能源技术的迅速发展和市场需求的不断增大,基于微机电系统（microelectromechanical systems,MEMS）技术的微型燃料电池由于其巨大应用前景逐渐得到社会的更多关注。本文详细介绍了国外微型燃料电池的应用概况,简要论述了将MEMS技术应用于微型燃料电池制作的可行性以及MEMS微型燃料电池的类型特点,并结合关键组件极板和膜电极,系统地总结了近几年来MEMS微型燃料电池的研究进展和成果,最后分析了目前存在的问题和发展趋势以及我国大力发展MEMS微型燃料电池的迫切需求。     

微等离子体发射光谱技术的研究进展

微等离子体是被限制在一个有限空间范围内的等离子体,其作为一种新型激发源具有能耗低、体积小、价格低等优点,在发射光谱仪器的微型化发展中展现了巨大的应用潜力。该文介绍了近年来基于微等离子体激发源构建的发射光谱(OES)系统在分析化学领域中的新应用。目前,微等离子体OES系统不仅能够直接测定气相或液体中的分析物,还可与气相色谱(GC)、化学蒸气发生(CVG)、电热蒸发(ETV)、微电渗析(μED)、毛细管电泳(CE)等多种技术联用,极大地扩展了该系统的应用范围。而提高微等离子体本身的激发能力,选择合适的进样方式,有望使微等离子体OES系统的性能得到进一步的提升。同时,相关仪器设备的开发将为痕量元素的现场分析提供可靠的手段。     

微流体驱动与控制技术*

在微流控系统所需的功能单元中,微流体驱动与控制操作单元尤为重要。微系统条件下,表面张力的影响变得十分明显,在工程意义上,常规的流体体积流动的驱动方法在微管道中往往效果不好甚至是不可行的。本文简要评述了用于微流体驱动的机械微型泵技术,基于电、光、磁等的非机械微型泵技术,以及微流体的高效混合控制等技术的研究现状,对微流体驱动与控制的未来作了展望。     

会议消息

第五届国际微化学与微系统学术会议、第八届全国微全分析系统学术会议暨第三届全国微纳尺度生物分离分析学术会议(厦门)5th International Symposium on Microchemistry and Microsystems 8th NationalConference on Micro Total Analysis Systems&3rd National Symposium onMicro/NanoScale Bioseparations and Bioanalysis(第一轮通知)     

聚合酶链式反应微芯片系统用于微量生物样品的快速扩增检测

基于MEMS微加工技术设计和制作了一种集成微加热器和温度传感器的聚合酶链式反应（PCR）微芯片。PCR微芯片结构通过有限元模拟验证分析。该芯片在PCR扩增过程中具有良好的制热效率和热传递均匀性。在微型温度控制电路装置下进行热循环反应,芯片的温度起伏小于1℃／s,升降温速度分别达到5℃／s和3℃／s,30个热循环耗时30min。此系统已经用于GUS基因的扩增检测,获得了良好的结果,极大的缩短了热循环的时间,可用于微量生物样品的快速扩增检测。     

基于微流体脉冲驱动控制技术的电化学微流控芯片制备方法

基于微流体脉冲驱动控制技术搭建了电化学微流控芯片的制备系统.首先将纳米银墨水和甘油溶液分别微喷射到玻璃基底表面形成微电极图形和微流道液体阳模图形;然后分别进行烧结和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)模塑工艺制得微电极和微流道;最后将微电极和微流道键合形成电化学微流控芯片.研究了系统参量对液滴产生的影响以及液滴直径和重叠率对液滴成线的影响,制得的微电极最小线宽为45 μm、厚度为2.2 μm、电阻率为5.2 μΩ·cm,制得的微流道最小线宽为35 μm,流道表面光滑.采用制得的电化学微流控芯片进行了葡萄糖浓度的电化学流动检测.结果表明,葡萄糖溶液的浓度与响应电流具有较高的线性关系,可对一定浓度范围内的葡萄糖溶液进行定量检测.基于微流体脉冲驱动控制技术的电化学微流控芯片制备方法具有微喷射精度高、重复性好,制备系统结构简单、成本低廉等优点,可用于生化分析、生物传感器等领域的芯片制备.     

第五届国际微化学与微系统学术会议、第八届全国微全分析系统学术会议暨第三届全国微纳尺度生物分离分析学术会议(厦门)

(第一轮通知)由国家自然科学基金委员会和中国化学会联合主办,厦门大学承办的第五届国际微化学与微系统学术会议、第八届全国微全分析系统学术会议暨第三届全国微纳尺度生物分离分析学术会议定于2013年5月9～12日在厦门召开。会议邀请了六十余名国内外知名学者作报告。此次会议旨在为从事相关领域基础、应用和开发研究的学者提供多学科交     

微酶电极的研制及在流动注射分析中的应用

利用铂化电极的大表面吸附葡萄糖氧化酶（简称ＧＯＤ）构建了一种具有良好操作性能的微酶电极，在０～１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ葡萄糖浓度具有很好线性，相关系数γ＝０．９９８，响应时间短（＜２０ｓ），精度高。利用该电极组成三电极流动注射分析系统，这种系统同样有较好的线性范围，分析频率达４５ｈ＾－１，使用寿命在一周以上。     

基于微流体脉冲驱动控制技术的微量试剂分配方法及应用研究

随着生物分析技术和高通量筛选技术的发展,生命科学领域的试剂用量已减小至纳升乃至皮升水平,为实现高精度的微量试剂分配,研制了基于微流体脉冲驱动控制技术的双通道微量试剂分配系统,以甘油溶液为分配试剂,研究了试剂粘度、微喷嘴出口内径、驱动频率和电压幅值对分配量的影响,在系统参量驱动电压为70 V、驱动频率为4 Hz、微喷嘴出口内径为100μm的条件下,按照不同比例分配Na2HPO4-KH2PO4溶液,进行混合反应实验,制备具有pH值梯度的3×3磷酸盐缓冲液微阵列,并加入pH值指示剂,检测混合后溶液的酸碱性。结果表明,所制备的pH梯度微阵列样点直径相对标准偏差(n=9)为0.8%,样点反应充分、颜色均匀且梯度变化明显。基于微流体脉冲驱动控制技术的微量试剂分配方法分配精度较高、重复性好,能够实现对不同粘度试剂的自动化、并行及微量(pL级)分配,无需独立的"反应池"即可实现多种试剂的微量配比及反应。     

芯片自由流电泳的研究进展

芯片自由流电泳(μ-FFE)是一种连续微制备或预分离技术,已在细胞、细胞器、蛋白质等生物样品的分析中发挥了重要作用。本文系统综述了μ-FFE的研究进展,侧重于介绍各种自由流芯片的结构、分离模式和应用。此外,还对μ-FFE的发展方向进行了展望。     

Flow analysis based on a pulsed flow of solution: theory, instrumentation and applications

The increased demands placed on solution propulsion by programmed flow systems, such as sequential injection analysis, lab-on-value technology, bead injection and multi-commutation, has highlighted the inability of many conventional pumps to generate a smooth, consistent flow. A number of researchers have examined ways to overcome the inadvertent, uncontrolled pulsation caused by the mechanical aciton of peristaltic pumps. In contrast, we have developed instruments that exploit the characteristics of a reproducible pulsed flow of solution. In this paper, we discuss our instrumental approaches and some applications that have benefited from the use of a reproducible pulsed flow rather than the traditional linear flow approach. To place our approach in the context of the continuously developing field of flow analysis, an overview of other programmed flow systems is also presented.     

Poiseuille and extensional flow small-angle scattering for developing structure–rheology relationships in soft matter systems

As the rheoscattering community has grown, so has the breadth of experiments both in terms of materials systems, and also in terms of flow types and analysis approaches. In this review, we seek to highlight important recent developments in rheoscattering that go beyond simple shear measurements. In particular, this review will focus on Poiseuille flow and extensional flow small-angle scattering and results from recent experiments that lead to the development of structure–function relationships in a wide variety of soft materials.     

Multiphase Flow Regime Characterization and Liquid Flow Measurement Using Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Multiphase flow metering with operationally robust, low-cost real-time systems that provide accuracy across a broad range of produced volumes and fluid properties, is a requirement across a range of process industries, particularly those concerning petroleum. Especially the wide variety of multiphase flow profiles that can be encountered in the field provides challenges in terms of metering accuracy. Recently, low-field magnetic resonance (MR) measurement technology has been introduced as a feasible solution for the petroleum industry. In this work, we study two phase air-water horizontal flows using MR technology. We show that low-field MR technology applied to multiphase flow has the capability to measure the instantaneous liquid holdup and liquid flow velocity using a constant gradient low flip angle CPMG (LFA-CPMG) pulse sequence. LFA-CPMG allows representative sampling of the correlations between liquid holdup and liquid flow velocity, which allows multiphase flow profiles to be characterized. Flow measurements based on this method allow liquid flow rate determination with an accuracy that is independent of the multiphase flow profile observed in horizontal pipe flow for a wide dynamic range in terms of the average gas and liquid flow rates.     

Electrokinetic demixing of aqueous two-phase polymer/salt systems

Electrokinetic demixing of aqueous two-phase polymer/salt systems is demonstrated, resulting in significant enhancement in demixing rates by about 1-4-fold. The effect of field polarity, field strength, volume ratio, and phase composition on phase demixing has been studied. Further the influence of these parameters on phase demixing could be explained based on the hydrodynamic flow-electroosmotic flow (HEF) model.     

Next-generation aqueous flow battery chemistries

The battery industry is seeking solutions for large-scale energy storage that are affordable, durable, and safe. Aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) have the inherent properties to meet these requirements. While much has been learned over the past decade on the properties of redox materials, the focus of next-generation systems must be primarily on lowering redox material cost and increasing durability. In this context, in addition to inexpensive materials such as iron salts, redox couples based on small organic molecules have shown significant promise. A considerable level of understanding has been gained on the factors affecting the durability of aqueous RFB systems, specifically relating to molecular stability and crossover. New molecular classes, substituent strategies, and cell configurations have been identified to enhance the durability of systems in the future. Next-generation systems will also need to focus on designing molecules for achieving high energy efficiency and power density as well. Furthermore, the application of computational methods for screening of chemical stability could accelerate discovery of new molecular architectures.     

Viscous Flow Parameters of Mixed Nonionic Surfactants Microemulsions

The systems investigated were water/sucrose laurate/ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride/oil + ethanol. The oils were R (+)-limonene, isopropylmyristate and caprylic-capric triglyceride. The dynamic viscosity of the systems where the mixing ratio (w/w) of ethanol/oil and that of ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride/sucrose laurate equal unity were measured. Dynamic viscosity was measured as function of temperature at different water volume fractions. The measured viscosities for the samples in all of the systems decrease as the temperature increases. The thermodynamic parameters of viscous flow that include enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy were estimated. In all of the systems studied, the enthalpy of viscous flow remains constant as function of temperature and varies as the water content in the microemulsions vary. The entropy and the Gibbs free energy vary with both the temperature and the composition of the microemulsions. Linear relationships were observed between the enthalpy and entropy of viscous flow for the systems based on the three oils. The enthalpy-entropy compensation temperatures were determined and found to be 265, 349, and 322 K for the microemulsion systems based on R (+)-limonene, isopropylmyristate and caprylic-capric triglyceride, respectively.     

Miniaturised nucleic acid analysis

The application of micro total analysis systems has grown exponentially over the past few years, particularly diversifying in disciplines related to bioassays. The primary focus of this review is to detail recent new approaches to sample preparation, nucleic acid amplification and detection within microfluidic devices or at the microscale level. We also introduce some applications that have as yet to be explored in a miniaturised environment, but should benefit from improvements in analytical efficiency and functionality when transferred to planar-chip formats. The studies described in this review were published in commonly available journals as well as in the proceedings of three major conferences relevant to microfluidics (Micro Total Analysis Systems, Transducers and The Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show). Although an emphasis has been placed on papers published since 2002, pertinent articles preceding this publication year have also been included.     

Ferrozine colorimetry and reverse flow injection analysis (rFIA) based method for the determination of total iron in aqueous solutions at nanomolar concentrations

Iron is one of the most microbiologically and chemically important metals in natural waters. The biogeochemical cycling of iron is significantly influenced by the redox cycling of Fe(II) and Fe(III). Because of the unique chemistry of iron, it is often needed to analyze iron at nano-molar concentrations. This article describes a reverse flow injection analysis (rFIA) based method with ferrozine spectrophotometric detection to quantify total iron concentration in stream water at nanomolar concentrations. The rFIA system has a 0.65 nM detection limit and a linear dynamic range up to 1.40 μM for the total iron analysis. The detection limit was achieved using a 1.0 m long liquid waveguide capillary flow cell, 1.50 m long knotted reaction coil, 87.50 μL injection loop and a miniature fiber optics spectrophotometer. The optimized colorimetric reagent has 1.0 mM ferrozine, 0.1 M ascorbic acid, 1.0 mM citric acid and 0.10 M acetate buffer adjusted to pH 4.0. The best sample flow rate is 2.1 mL min^?1 providing a sample throughput of more than 15 samples h^?1. The linear dynamic range of the method can be adjusted by changing the volume of the injection loop. The rFIA manifold was assembled exclusively from commercially available components.     

Potential of multisyringe flow-based multicommutated systems

This work is aimed at emphasizing the potential of the multicommutated systems based on the multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) modality. First, the characteristics, advantages and withdraws offered by flow analysis systems based on the different non-segmented modalities are briefly described. In these systems, multicommutation and computer control of the analytical process occupy a predominant place, as in the case of sequential injection analysis (SIA), multicommutated flow injection analysis (MCFIA), MSFIA and multipumping flow systems (MPFS). Next, several examples are given and different aspects of the implementation of analysers based on MSFIA designs for the construction of different analysis systems, including intelligent (smart) systems, use of sample pre-treatment automatic systems, for chromatographic and non-chromatographic determinations as well as use of monolithic or capillary electrophoresis columns are considered.