On the “nonclassical many-valuedness” of the universe

Two problems connected with Dirac quantization of relativistic cosmological models are considered. The difficulties with this approach have been the lack of physical interpretation of the spinor wave functions and the difficulty in extracting the spinor square root with a variable mass term in the classical Hamiltonian. It is suggested here that the spinor wave functions may be connected with the temporal irreversibility of physical processes in the universe. The analytical difficulty of extracting the spinor square root suggests a modification of the classical theory, in analogy with the theory of the Dirac electron in an electromagnetic field.     

“Signal” experiment on the “interhelio-probe” spacecraft

The operational orbit of the “Interhelio-Probe” spacecraft is described. The main objectives and missions of the Signal experiment are formulated. The Signal scientific equipment incorporated in this spacecraft is described. Its basic physico-technical characteristics are listed. Operation modes of this equipment onboard the spacecraft are considered.     

On the “projective” magnetohydrodynamics

In the projective relativity based on the de Sitter universe, Maxwell's generalized theory gives us the magnetohydrodynamics, valid on a cosmic scale, for hyperdense matter and high energies. From the new theory can be deduced as limiting cases the hydrodynamics and thermohydrodynamics, the ideal magnetohydrodynamics, the electromagnetism, and the electrohydrodynamics, invariants for the projective Fantappié group.     

On the “Equivalence” of the Maxwell and Dirac Equations

It is shown that Maxwell's equation cannot be put into a spinor form that is equivalent to Dirac's equation. First of all, the spinor in the representation of the electromagnetic field bivector depends on only three independent complex components whereas the Dirac spinor depends on four. Second, Dirac's equation implies a complex structure specific to spin 1/2 particles that has no counterpart in Maxwell's equation. This complex structure makes fermions essentially different from bosons and therefore insures that there is no physically meaningful way to transform Maxwell's and Dirac's equations into each other.     

Nonuniqueness of the “physical” acceleration for the Lorentz-Dirac equation

The Lorentz-Dirac equation is analyzed for the case of a charged particle injected into a step-function electric field of finite extent. It is shown that for small exit velocities, the relation between entrance and exit velocities is inverted in the sense that the larger the entrance velocity, the smaller the exit velocity. As a consequence, some entrance velocities can yield at least two distinct exit velocities. Numerical evidence bearing on the possibility of experimentally detecting this dichotomy is presented.     

Reply to the comment on “On the Barut-Vigier model of the hydrogen atom”

It is shown that the main conclusion of Dragić and Marić [Phys. Lett. A 229 (1997) 130] about the ground state of the hydrogen atom in the Barut-Vigier potential is based on the wrong use of the radial wave function which cannot be normalized.     

Comment on the observability of the “collapse” of the wavefunction in quantum measurements

A recent suggestion of Home and Whitaker concerning a thought experiment designed to investigate the “collapse” of a quantum mechanical state in a measurement is criticized by pointing out a serious flaw in the proposition of these authors.     

On the concept of “nonlocalization” associated with the gravitational field

The concept of nonlocalization associated with the gravitational field, which is carried by the internal variable () annexed to each point, is considered in connection with the geometrical theory of gauge fields. Two concrete examples of nonlocalization are proposed by taking as a vector and a spinor, respectively.     

“Conserved charges” of the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra in the Brans-Dicke theory

The asymptotic symmetries in the Brans-Dicke theory are analyzed using Penrose's conformal completion method,which is independent of the coordinate system used.These symmetries,indeed,include supertranslations and Lorentz transformations for an asymptotically flat spacetime.With the Wald-Zoupas formalism,“conserved charges”and fluxes of the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra are computed.The scalar degree of freedom contributes only to the Lorentz boost charge,even though it plays a role in various fluxes.The flux-balance laws are further applied to constrain the displacement memory,spin memory,and center-of-mass memory effects.     

A remark on the twin “paradox”

The twin paradox is investigated using a method that emphasises the symmetry between the twins. All the calculations are performed using the Schwarzschild metric, making the result valid in general relativity as well in the special case of Minkowski space.     

Reaction-diffusion processes in the “adsorbate-substrate” system

We obtain a chain of quantum kinetic reaction-diffusion-type equations for “adsorbate-substrate” system taking into account the coupling of a light particle with a metallic surface, the adsorbate surface diffusion by the tunnelling mechanism and the occurrence of bimolecular chemical reactions. We calculate the temperature dependence of the kinetic kernels related to the diffusion coefficients and the reaction rates. It is shown that one can alter the temperature dependence of the reaction rates by changing the “adsorbate-substrate” coupling. It is also shown that the mean field terms contribute to the activation energies of the reaction rates, while their contribution to the activation energies of the diffusion coefficients vanishes.     

Viewing the proton through “color” filters

A seven-quasiparticle isomer with and T _1/2 = 53 ( ^{+ 3} _-7) ns has been identified in ¹⁷⁹Ta. By comparing its excitation energy with results from multi-quasiparticle calculations that include the effects of blocking and residual nucleon-nucleon interactions, the isomer is assigned the (5/2 ⁺ [402], 7/2 ⁺ [404], (5/2^-[512], 7/2^-[514], 7/2^-[503], 9/2 ⁺ [624]) configuration. The decay of this isomer is found to be unusually fast, a feature that is attributed to a mixing with a specific collective level. The interaction strength is found to be orders of magnitude lower than that observed between interacting collective levels.Received: 7 March 2004, Revised: 3 May 2004, Published online: 5 October 2004PACS: 21.10.Re Collective levels - 21.10.Tg Lifetimes - 23.20.Lv Gamma transitions and level energies - 27.70. + q S.J. Freeman: Present address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.G . Mukherjee: Present address: Nuclear and Atomic Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700 064, India.     

Quantum fluctuations of the “Copenhagen vacuum”

The effective energy of the approximate gauge-field configuration customarily known as the Copenhagen vacuum is calculated in the single-loop approximation. It is shown that this quantity is always positive and so it is impossible to make any statements about the spontaneous generation of such a field. The possibility of the temperature stabilization of a homogeneous chromomagnetic field is also discussed.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 74–79, May, 1986.     

Time evolution of the cosmological “constant”

We discuss cosmologies where the cosmological constant λ depends on time. The requirements of realistic cosmology impose restrictions on the functional dependence of λ on the Hubble parameter H. We show that for a wide class of functions with λ of the order H³ the system of field equations leads to a stable fix-point behaviour with λ naturally very small today. The age of the universe, critical matter density and deceleration parameter may be modified.     

Further insights into the “ρπ puzzle”

Based on a systematic investigation of J/ψ(ψ) → VP,where V and P stand for light vector and pseudoscalar mesons,we identify the role played by the electromagnetic(EM) transitions and intermediate meson loop transitions,which are essential ingredients for understanding the J/ψ and ψ couplings to VP.We show that on the one hand,the EM transitions have relatively larger interferences in ψ→ρπ and K*K+c.c.as explicitly shown by vector meson dominance(VMD).On the other hand,the strong decay of ψ receives relatively larger destructive interferences from the intermediate meson loop transitions.By identifying these mechanisms in an overall study of J/ψ(ψ)→VP,we provide a coherent understanding of the so-called "ρπ puzzle".     

The meaning of the terms “phase” and “phase transition”

Various meanings of the terms phase and phase transition encountered in scientific literature are discussed. These terms supplement each other and cover only together all the macroscopic situations which are now denoted by this term.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 67–71, August, 1988.     

Bounds for the limiting variance of the “heavy particle” inR 1

We consider a one-dimensional system consisting of a tagged particle of massM surrounded by a gas of unit-mass hard-point particles in thermal equilibrium. Denoting byQ _t the displacement of the tagged particle, we give lower and upper bounds — independent ofM — for. It results from the proof that the correct nontrivial norming ofQ _t — if any — is .Work supported by the Central Research Found of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 476/82)     

Using the “Sura” facility antenna for increasing the effective ionosonde power

We developed and tested a new method for increasing the effective ionosonde power by 20–40 dB, which uses the transceiving antenna of the “Sura” facility. Three sections of this antenna were employed as the receiving antenna of the ionosonde in the test experiments of July 2007. Fine features indiscernible in normal ionosonde mode are distinctly seen in the ionograms. Different variants of connection of the “Sura” antenna sections to the receiver and transmitter of the ionosonde are considered and the possibility of simultaneous operation of the “Sura” high-power transmitter and the ionosonde is analyzed. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 51, No. 10, pp. 830–836, October 2008.     

Comment on “On the analytical solution of the optical Bloch equations”

In a recent paper [P.J. Colmenares and J.L. Paz, Opt. Commun. 284 (2011) 5171], analytical solutions of the optical Bloch equations are presented. This paper follows the same procedures as presented in the paper by the authors [H.R. Noh and W. Jhe, Opt. Commun. 283 (2010) 2353] but concludes that their results are substantially different from the results of the authors. We find that the discrepancy results from the wrong initial conditions employed by those authors for one of the Bloch vector components (w), whose initial value must be 1 not 0. We also find that if proper initial conditions are used, there are no discrepancies between the two results.