Theoretical design study on photophysical property of the organoboron quinolate derivatives

The photophysical properties of organoboron quinolate derivatives can be modified readily by manipulating the coordination environment around the central boron atom. This class of compounds applied in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) materials has been studied by quantum chemistry. To reveal the relationship between the structures and properties of these electroluminescent materials, the ground- and excited-state geometries were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) and CIS/6-31G(d) levels, respectively. The ionization potentials and electron affinities were computed. The mobilities of hole and electron in these compounds were studied computationally based on the Marcus electron transfer theory. The maximum absorption and emission wavelengths of these compounds were calculated using the time-dependent density functional theory method. The solvent effect on the absorption and emission wavelengths of these compounds was also considered by a polarizable continuum model. These results show that boron compounds which containing both the hydroxyquinoline/hydroxybenzoquinoline as ligand and O/S in position X follow the rule, that is, the emission shifts to longer wavelength as covalent nature of the boron–ligand bonding is increased. Meanwhile, the negative HOMO and IPs decrease but the negative LUMO and EAs increase by substitution of O with S in position X. It was deduced that both the hole- and electron-injection abilities are improved by substituting S in place of O in position X. After chemical modification in position R ₂ with electron-donating properties of NH₂ or 1,4-diethynyl-2,5-dihexyloxybenzene, introduced 1,4-diethynyl-2,5-dihexyloxybenzene improves both the hole- and electron-transfer rate, which leads to better equilibrium property. It can be concluded that the better equilibrium property depends on the conjugated length of side chain in position R ₂. Moreover, exchanging the substituents R ₁ and R ₂ in BNO1a and BNO1’a can slightly change the hole-transfer rate by 0.04 eV. According to these calculations, series BNO and BNS can be applied as electron transport and hole transport materials at the same time. Specially, series BNO2 and BNS have better performance than Mes₂B[p-4,4’-biphenyl-NPh(1-naphthyl)] (BNPB) in both the hole- and electron-injection ability.     

Lewis acidic organoboron polymers

We have developed a highly efficient new method for the introduction of Lewis acidic boron centers into the side chains of organic polymers. Our methodology involves three steps: (i) the controlled polymerization of a functional monomer, (ii) the exchange of the functional group for Lewis acidic boron centers, and (iii) the fine-tuning of the Lewis acidity of the individual centers through substituent exchange reactions with nucleophiles. This approach gives access to a family of new well-defined organoboron polymers including moderately Lewis acidic poly(arylboronates) and the first examples of highly Lewis acidic fluorinated triarylborane polymers.     

Luminescent polymers with discrete emitter units

Optical absorption and photo-luminescence measurements were performed on a series of semiconducting polymers, based upon phenylene linkages, that have discrete emitter units. In these polymers, broken conjugation has been achieved in two ways: by introducing metalinkages between various numbers of para-connected aromatic groups or by severe steric distortion of a fully conjugated main chain. In either case, electronic states are localized on relatively small units, resulting in a large (π, π^*) band gap. The band gap decreases with increasing emitter unit conjugation, as expected. Blue light emission was observed from these materials, with the peak emission wavelength red shifted (by greater than 1 eV on average) from the peak absorption. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Luminescent Iridium-containing liquid crystalline polymers in the side chain

Luminescent liquid crystalline polymers consisting of Iridium attached to polysiloxanes are prepared. 4-Cyanophenyl 4-(allyloxy) benzoate (M₁) and an Iridium complex (Ir-M₂) grafted to poly(methylhydrogeno)siloxane are used for the preparation of the Iridium-containing liquid crystalline polymers. The chemical structures are characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ¹H NMR. The mesomorphic properties and phase behaviour are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, polarising optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The polymers containing <1.2 mol% of the Iridium ions reveal reversible mesomorphic phase transition, wide mesophase temperature ranges and high thermal stability. The introduction of the Iridium ions does not change the liquid crystalline state of polymer systems; on the contrary, the polymers are enabled with the luminescent properties. With the Iridium ion contents ranging between 0.3 and 1.2 mol%, luminescent intensity of polymers gradually increased. The temperature dependence of luminescent intensity was studied in the liquid crystalline phase.     

Synthesis of highly luminescent organoboron polymers connected by bifunctional 8‐aminoquinolate linkers

New organoboron aminoquinolate‐based polymers linked by π‐conjugated bridge were prepared by Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling of organoboron aminoquinolate‐based bisiodo monomers bearing biphenyl or bithiophene moiety with 1,4‐diethynylbenzene derivatives. Tetracoordination states of boron atoms in the obtained polymers were confirmed by ¹¹B NMR spectroscopy, and they were also characterized by ¹H NMR and IR spectroscopies and size‐exclusion chromatography. Their optical properties were studied by UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies. In the region above 400 nm, the polymers prepared from 1,4‐diethynyl‐2,5‐dioctyloxybenzene showed bathochromic shifts when compared with those prepared from 1.4‐diethynyl‐2‐perfluorooctyl‐5‐trifluoromethylbenzene. The polymers with biphenyl moiety showed higher absolute fluorescence quantum yields (?_F = 0.28 and 0.65), whereas those with bithiophene moiety led to decreasing of the low quantum yields (?_F = 0.19 and 0.00). The density‐functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent–DFT calculations of model compounds corresponding to the polymers were in good agreement with the results from UV–vis properties. The calculations revealed that the electronic structure of the polymer with bithiophene moiety is different from that with biphenyl moiety, and predicted the electron transfer from the bithiophene moiety to the π‐extended quinoline moiety in transition state. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3693–3701, 2010     

Luminescent lanthanide-containing chiral liquid crystalline polymers in the side chain

Luminescent lanthanide-containing chiral liquid crystalline polymers are graft-copolymerised using poly(methylhydrogeno)siloxane (PMHS), crosslinking agent, liquid crystalline monomer and lanthanide complexes. The chemical structures of the monomers are characterised by FTIR, ^1?H NMR and elemental analyses. The mesomorphic properties and phase behaviour are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, polarising optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The polymers containing less than 9 mol% of the crosslinking units reveal reversible mesomorphic phase transition, wide mesophase temperature ranges and high thermal stability. With the introduction of lanthanide complex units, the polymers are enabled with the significant luminescent properties. The temperature dependence of fluorescence intensity was studied in the liquid crystalline phase. The IR imaging shows that the lanthanide complex units evenly distribute in polymers.     

Polymerization with organoboron compounds

In the presence of organoboron compounds, free-radical polymerization of vinyl monomers can proceed in spite of the presence of excess of typical radical inhibitors. The concept of free radical–organoboron complex formation is introduced to explain the unique role of organoboron compounds in such a polymerization system.     

Nucleophilic trifluoromethylation with organoboron reagents

Potassium trialkoxy(trifluoromethyl)borates are shown to behave as convenient reagents for nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of non-enolizable aldehydes and N-tosylimines to give CF₃-substituted alcohols and N-tosylamines in good yields.     

Luminescent isomeric Pr-Ag coordination polymers immobilized with organic sensitizer and Ag-S clusters

A pair of luminescent heterometallic lanthanide-transition-metal coordination polymers, namely, [PrLAg(3)(SCN)(6)·H(2)O](n) (1) and [PrLAg(3)(SCN)(6)](n) (2) [L = 2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine], have been obtained with different cooling rates under solvothermal conditions. The two structures are pseudo- supramolecular isomers constructed via the same [PrL(NCS)(6)](3-) subunit and different Ag-S clusters, presenting diverse two-dimensional and three dimensional frameworks, respectively. In both complexes, the tridentate chelate L, acting as an organic chromophore, along with the d(10)-block Ag-S clusters, are simultaneously immobilized, and effectively sensitize the Pr(III)-based luminescence.     

基于有机硼化合物的氟离子化学传感器的研究进展

有机硼化合物中硼原子空的pπ轨道使其作为路易斯酸能够选择性的结合氟离子,其与氟离子的结合破坏了硼中心与芳香取代基的pπ-π共轭,引起有机硼化合物光物理性质的变化。因此,有机硼化合物能够用作高选择性的氟离子化学传感器材料。本文从具有三芳基硼结构及硼酸或硼酸酯结构的这两类有机硼化合物出发,综述了它们在氟离子化学传感器领域的研究进展。     

Synthesis of phenanthroimidazole-based four coordinate organoboron compounds

The synthesis of N,C-coordinated organoboron compounds (B1-B4) based on phenanthroimidazole described. All the compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the compounds B1 and B3 revealed that the vicinity around the boron atom adopts tetrahedral geometry. Except compound B4, other organoboron compounds (B1-B3) does not show solvatochromism. All our newly synthesized organoboron compounds exhibited moderate to good solution state quantum yields (0.07–0.88) and moderate solid state quantum yields.     

Self-consistent molecular orbital calculations on organoboron compounds

The PPP-SCMO-method is used to calculate the energies of the ground and lower excited states of triphenylborane and tri-p-tolylborane for which both planar and propellor models are considered. It is found necessary to include a large measure of configuration interaction in the excited states in order to produce satisfactory agreement with published u.v. spectra. However the calculations are not diagnostic for the detailed geometry of these compounds. The electronic spectra may be interpreted in terms of ring exciton states and interring and phenyl-boron charge-resonance states. The electron density on the central atom and the B-C bond orders are small and so the phenyl rings are but little perturbed by their bonding to boron.

---

Zusammenfassung PPP-SCMO-Rechnungen wurden für Triphenyl- und Tri-p-tolylboran durchgeführt. Ohne ausgedehnte Konfigurationenwechselwirkung erhält man keine befriedigende Übereinstimmung mit veröffentlichten UV-Spektren. Die Deutung der Elektronenspektren geschieht mit Hilfe der Begriffe der einzelnen Einganregung sowie des Ring-Ring- und des Ring-Bor-Ladungsaustausches. Ob die Molekeln in einer planaren oder einer Propeller-Konformation vorliegen, kann aufgrund dieser Rechnungen nicht entschieden werden. Bor--Ladung und B-C--Bindungsordnung sind gering; die Phenylringe werden durch ihre Bindung an Bor kaum beeinflußt.

---

Résumé La méthode SCMO-PPP a été utilisée pour calculer les énergies de l'état fondamental et des plus bas états excités du triphènylborane et du tri-p-tolylborane pour lequel on a considéré les modèles plan et en hêlice de bâteau. L'inclusion d'une interaction de configurations étendue entre états excités est nécessaire pour obtenir un accord satisfaisant avec les spectres UV publiés. Mais les calculs ne permettent pas de préciser la géométrie détaillée de ces composés. Les spectres électroniques peuvent être interprétés en termes d'états excitoniques du cycle et d'états de résonance de charge entre cycles et entre le phényl et le bore. La densité électronique sur l'atome central et les indices de liaison sur les liaisons B-C sont faibles ce qui montre que les noyaux phényliques sont peu perturbés par leur liaison au bore.

     

Self-consistent molecular orbital calculations on organoboron compounds

The Pariser-Parr-Pople method has been used to calculate the electronic structures and spectra of three methylvinylboranes. Two separate calculational models of the methyl group are considered and the agreement between observed and calculated spectral quantities is good. The reorganisation energies of these molecules are also evaluated.

---

Zusammenfassung Mit der Methode von Pariser, Pople und Parr werden Struktur und Spektren der -Elektronensysteme von drei Methylvinylboranen berechnet, ebenso ihre Reorganisationsenergien. Für die Methylgruppe werden zwei verschiedene Modelle verwendet. Die übereinstimmung zwischen berechneten und experimentellen Werten ist gut.

---

Résumé A l'aide de la méthode Pariser-Parr-Pople nous avons calculé les structures et les spectres -électroniques de trois méthylvinylboranes. Nous considérons deux modèles du groupe méthyl; les spectres observés et calculés s'accordent bien. En plus, les énergies de réorganisation de ces molécules sont évaluées.

---

---

One of us (D.R.A.) wishes to thank the S.R.C. for a maintenance grant.     

有机硼化合物的一些新的高选择性反应

首次发现二氧化碳在加压下能羧基化三烷基炔基硼酸锂,反应中,二氧化碳攻击炔基的β-碳子,一个烷基从硼迁移到炔基的α-碳,随后质子化给出立体选择的(Z)-α,β-不饱和羧酸.     

Self-consistent molecular orbital calculations on organoboron compounds

The electronic structures of three dihalogenophenylboranes have been investigated by the Pariser-Parr-Pople method. The agreement between the observed and calculated electronic spectra is quite good.

---

Zusammenfassung Die -Elektronen-Strukturen von drei Dihalogenphenylboranen wurden mit der PPP-Methode untersucht. Beobachtete und berechnete Elektronenspektren stimmen recht gut überein.

---

Résumé On a étudié par la méthode de Pariser-Parr-Pople les structures électroniques de trois dihalogénophenylboranes. L'accord entre les spectres électroniques observés et calculés est assez satisfaisant.

     

Enantioselective organocatalytic conjugate addition of organoboron nucleophiles

This review covers the use of organoboron nucleophiles in enantioselective conjugate additions catalyzed by organic-based catalysts. It is divided into sections based on the type of nucleophile, with each section arranged in roughly chronological order. The categories of nucleophiles are alkynyl, alkenyl, and aryl boronates or borates. The principle modes of catalysis, iminium formation and boron chelation, are covered.     

Rhodium-catalyzed carbometalation of ynamides with organoboron reagents

In the presence of catalytic [Rh(cod)(MeCN)₂]BF₄, ynamides undergo carbometalation with boronic acids, arylboronic esters, and triarylboroxines. These reactions enable the regio- and stereocontrolled synthesis of multisubstituted enamides.