<Emphasis Type="Italic">J</Emphasis><Superscript>π</Superscript>0<Superscript>−</Superscript> levels in <Superscript>156</Superscript>Gd and <Superscript>158</Superscript>Gd

The 0^? states in the ¹⁵⁶Gd nucleus at E = 1952.38 keV and in the ¹⁵⁸Gd nucleus at E = 2269.16 keV are established on the basis of an analysis of available data on even-even deformed nuclei. From data on the deexcitation of the levels and on the probability of their population by beta transitions, it is found that these states have a two-particle proton structure. A comparison of our data with information about the 0^? levels in the ¹⁷⁰Yb and ¹⁷⁶Hf nuclei makes it possible to conclude that J^π0^? two-particle states exist at an excitation energy of about 2 MeV and higher.     

Decays of baryon resonances into ΛK<Superscript>+</Superscript>, ΣK<Superscript>+</Superscript> and Σ<Superscript>+</Superscript>K<Superscript>0</Superscript>

Cross-sections, beam asymmetries, and recoil polarisations for the reactions γp → K ⁺Λ;γp → K ⁺Σ⁰, and γp → K ⁰Σ⁺ have been measured by the SAPHIR, CLAS, and LEPS Collaborations with high statistics and good angular coverage for centre-of-mass energies between 1.6 and 2.3 GeV. The combined analysis of these data with data from π and η photoproduction reveals evidence for new baryon resonances in this energy region. A new P₁₁ state with mass 1840 MeV and width 140 MeV was observed contributing to most of the fitted reactions. The data demand the presence of two D₁₃ states at 1875 and, optimistically, at 2170 MeV.     

Inhibitors of adenosine consuming parasites through polymer-assisted N-acylation of N<Superscript>6</Superscript>-substituted 5<Superscript>′</Superscript>-amino-5<Superscript>′</Superscript>-deoxyadenosines

Abstract  

A series of 30 adenosine derivatives with three different substituents at the N⁶-position were prepared in order to evaluate their potential to inhibit the pathogenic protozoa Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma brucei in vitro. The rationale for synthesis of these structures was the high probability of interactions with multiple adenosine associated targets and the assumption that N⁶-substitutents should increase stability against adenosine deaminases and allow the molecules to diffuse across parasite membranes. Starting from inosine, the new compounds were prepared as single isomers using a polymer-assisted acylation protocol enabling the straightforward isolation of the target compounds in pure form. Three of the compounds displayed anti-plasmodial and one anti-trypanosomal activity in the single digit micromolar concentration range.     

Inversion of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis><Superscript>π</Superscript>=1<Superscript>−</Superscript> states in <Superscript>156</Superscript>Gd and <Superscript>170</Superscript>Yb

For the ¹⁵⁶Gd and ¹⁷⁰Yb nuclei, where the inversion of levels in the K^π=1^? bands is observed, the energies of rotational levels are calculated on the basis of the Coriolis interaction model for the states of two bands whose quantum numbers are K^π=1^?. New 0^? levels are introduced in ¹⁷⁰Yb, and the structure of ¹⁷⁰Er is refined. The interaction parameters calculated for six nuclei are considered within the structure predicted by the quasiparticle-phonon model.     

Photoproduction of π<Superscript>0</Superscript>π<Superscript>+</Superscript> pairs on proton and deuteron

The reaction of π⁰π⁺ photoproduction on free and quasi-free protons with γ-ray energies from 0.5 to 1.5 GeV has been studied. Its cross section was measured in the range θ _π ⁰ ≥ 20°. The distributions of π⁰π⁺, π⁰n, and π⁺n invariant masses were analyzed. The experiment was performed using the Compton back-scattered γ-ray beam at the GRAAL facility (Grenoble, France), applying liquid deuterium and hydrogen targets and a large-aperture (almost 4π) detector. Particular attention was paid to analysis of systematic errors related to the neutron detection efficiency.     

Potential energy of <Superscript>∞</Superscript>H<Stack><Subscript>2</Subscript><Superscript>-</Superscript></Stack>(<Superscript>2</Superscript>∑<Stack><Subscript>u</Subscript><Superscript>+</Superscript></Stack> in the bound-state region

An accurate calculation of the lowest negative electronic state of H ₂ ^- (fixed nuclei) is reported using the CCSD(T) method and doubly augmented cc-pv5z basis set. Comparison has been made with the reference data by Senekowitsch et al. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 111 (1984) 211]. Owing to larger size of the basisset and inclusion of triple excitations, no vertical shift in this work is necessary to reproduce the asymptotics of H + H ^-. In addition, the effect of basis-set truncation is estimated, based on the complete-basis-set extrapolation method. The contribution of correlated electron-proton motion to the electron-energy curve for H₂ ^– dynamics is pointed out.Dedicated to Prof. Jií Horáek on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

Long <Emphasis FontCategory="NonProportional">K</Emphasis><Superscript>π</Superscript> = 0<Superscript>+</Superscript> and 4<Superscript>−</Superscript> bands in deformed nuclei

Experimental data on some long bands in N=88–98 deformed nuclei are analyzed on the basis of a method systematizing the energies of levels and inertial parameters and a method employing the analogy between neighboring. Beta bands built on low-lying 0 ₂ ⁺ levels are identified in N=90 isotones, including the ¹⁵⁸Er, ¹⁶⁰Yb, and ¹⁶²Hf nuclei. Some of intermediate members of these bands have not been found yet. The systematic properties of 4^? bands are presented, and the dynamics of the inertial parameters of these bands in N=88–98 isotones is revealed. The bands are identified in ¹⁵⁸Yb, ¹⁵⁶Dy, ¹⁵⁶Er, ¹⁶²Yb, and ¹⁶⁶Hf.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">ρρ</Emphasis>N and <Emphasis Type="Italic">ρρ</Emphasis>Δ molecules with J<Superscript>P</Superscript> = 5/2<Superscript>+</Superscript> and J<Superscript>P</Superscript> = 7/2<Superscript>+</Superscript>

The ρρN and ρρΔ three-body systems have been studied within the framework of the fixed center approximation of Faddeev equation. The ρρ interaction in isospin I = 0 , spin S = 2 is strongly attractive, and so are the N ρ, ρΔ interactions. This leads to bound states of both ρρN and ρρΔ. We find peaks of the modulus squared of the scattering matrix around 2227 MeV for ρρN, and 2372 MeV for ρρΔ. Yet, the strength of the peak for the ρρN amplitude is much smaller than for ρρΔ, weakening the case for a ρρN bound state, or a dominant ρρN component. A discussion is made on how these states can be searched for in present programs looking for multimeson final states in different reactions.     

Conserved vector current and decays τ<Superscript>−</Superscript> → η(η′)π<Superscript>−</Superscript>π<Superscript>0</Superscript>ν<Subscript>τ</Subscript>

We use experimental data on e ⁺ e ^? → (η′)π⁺π^? and conservation of vector current to estimate the branching fractions of τ^? decay to η(η′)π^?π⁰ν_τ. The obtained values are compared to the experimental results.     

Two photons into π<Superscript>0</Superscript>π<Superscript>0</Superscript>

We perform a theoretical study based on dispersion relations of the reaction γγ → π ⁰ π ⁰ emphasizing the low-energy region. We discuss how the ƒ ⁰(980) signal emerges in γγ → ππ within the dispersive approach and how this fixes to a large extent the phase of the isoscalar S-wave γγ → ππ amplitude above the threshold. This allows us to make sharper predictions for the cross-section at lower energies and our results could then be used to distinguish between different ππ isoscalar S-wave parameterizations with the advent of new precise data on ππ → π ⁰ π ⁰. We compare our dispersive approach with an updated calculation employing the unitary chiral perturbation theory (U _gC PT). We also pay special attention to the role played by the σ-resonance in γγ → ππ and calculate its coupling and width to γγ, for which we obtain Γ(σ → γγ) = (1.68 ± 0.15) keV.     

Negative ions Ar<Superscript>−</Superscript>, Kr<Superscript>−</Superscript>, and Xe<Superscript>−</Superscript> in superfluid helium

The catalogue of negative ions in superfluid helium has been extended using the example of Ar⁻, Kr⁻, and Xe⁻. Such objects cannot exist in vacuum, since the polarization attraction of an electron to the inert A atom is insufficient for the formation of the bound state A⁻. However, these objects exist in helium as stable or metastable with a very long lifetime. The effect is due to the electron localization in liquid helium. If a mixture of excited A* atoms and electrons is prepared in the gas phase above liquid helium, the reaction A* + e = A*⁻ becomes possible for all atoms of the periodic table. Such charges can be immersed into liquid helium by the electric field. In this case, the radiative decay A*⁻ = A + e allowed in vacuum can be forbidden in liquid. This leads to the formation of the new unique objects A⁻, which can exist in liquid helium but are absent in nature. The size of such charged formations has been determined and is close the radius of a usual electron bubble in helium.     

<Superscript>10</Superscript>B–<Superscript>11</Superscript>B isotope substitution and superconductivity in ZrB<Subscript>12</Subscript>

The specific heat of the ZrB₁₂ compound in the normal and superconducting states (T _C ≈ 6 K) has been studied in the 1.9–7 K temperature range for high-quality single crystals with different relative contents of boron isotopes. For Zr¹⁰B₁₂, Zr^natB₁₂, and Zr¹¹B₁₂ dodecaborides, the electron density of states and the electronphonon coupling constant, λ_e-ph ∼ 0.4, are found. The dependence of the thermodynamic and upper critical fields, as well as of the Ginzburg-Landau parameter (κ = 0.8–1.14) on temperature and isotope composition is determined. The results suggest the existence of the magnetic field induced phase transition at T* = 4–5 K, which is not related to the transition from type-I to type-II superconductivity. The possibilities of the existence of two-gap superconductivity and a structural phase transition at T* in zirconium dodecaboride are discussed.     

<Superscript>16</Superscript>O/<Superscript>18</Superscript>O oxygen isotope exchange kinetics in MnO<Stack><Subscript>4</Subscript><Superscript>−</Superscript></Stack> as probed by <Superscript>55</Superscript>Mn NMR

The effect of the ¹⁶O ? ¹⁸O substitution in the coordination sphere of permanganate anion MnO ₄ ^? on the chemical shift of ⁵⁵Mn nuclei have been studied by ¹⁷O and ⁵⁵Mn NMR. Time constants τ _n,k of oxygen exchange in the water–permanganate anion system have been estimated. In nearly neutral solutions (pH ≈ 6.8–7.2), the oxygen exchange time is on the order of tens of hours. Bubbling gaseous HCl through this solution for a few seconds leads to the equilibrium distribution of oxygen isotopes in the manganese coordination sphere. The observed temperature dependences of isotope-induced ⁵⁵Mn NMR shifts in Mn¹⁶ O _44-n ¹⁸ O _n ^– (n = 0–4) have been treated as a result of rovibrational averaging of Mn–O bond lengths. The change in the Mn—O bond length in caused by the ¹⁶O → ¹⁸O isotope substitution is on the order of 10^–4 Å.     

Odd autoionizing 2p<Subscript>1/2</Subscript><Superscript>5</Superscript>n(s<Superscript>′</Superscript>/d<Superscript>′</Superscript>) resonances of Ne excited from the 2p<Superscript>5</Superscript>3p[K]<Subscript>J</Subscript> states

Absolute photoionization cross sections for Ne atoms in the excited levels (Paschen notation ) were calculated at near threshold energies within the configuration interaction Pauli-Fock approach including core polarization. The computed spectra and the lineshape parameters of the odd parity 2p_1/2 ⁵ns^′/d^′ autoionizing resonances are found to be in good agreement with high resolution laser spectroscopic results. Guided by the theoretical results, improved analyses of the measured spectra by superimposed Fano-type profiles were achieved. Theoretical predictions are presented for resonances which have not yet been studied experimentally. In addition, we report the absolute partial photoionization cross sections for the ²P_3/2 and ²P_1/2 channel at photoelectron energies up to 7 eV. Except for the highest lying 2p₁(¹S₀) level, these cross sections monotonically decrease with energy (as reported earlier in single-electron calculations for the Ne(2p⁵3p) configuration) with branching ratios which essentially reflect the core composition of the 2p_x levels. For the 2p₁ level the resonance structure and the partial cross sections are strongly influenced by a Cooper-Seaton minimum in the d_3/2 ^′ channel,located just above the ²P_1/2 ionization limit.     

Processes e<Superscript>+</Superscript>e<Superscript>−</Superscript> → π<Superscript>0</Superscript>(π<Superscript>0</Superscript>′) γ in extended NJL model

The processes of electron-positron annihilation into π⁰γ and into π′(1300)γ are considered within an extended NJL model. The intermediate vector mesons ρ ⁰, ω ρ′(1450), and ω(1420) are taken into account. The latter two mesons are treated as the first radial excited states. They are incorporated into the NJL model by means of a polynomial form factor. Numerical predictions for the cross-sections of these processes are received for the center-of-mass energies below 2 GeV. Our results for the π⁰γ production are in agreement with experimental data obtained in the energy region 600–1020 MeV.     

The evaluation of the branching ratios of the decays φ(1020)→2π<Superscript>+</Superscript>2π<Superscript>−</Superscript>π<Superscript>0</Superscript>, π<Superscript>+</Superscript>π<Superscript>−</Superscript>3π<Superscript>0</Superscript>

Combining the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule in the decay φ→ρπ→π⁺π^?π⁰ with the ρ→4π decay amplitudes, we calculate the φ→2π⁺2π^?π⁰ and φ→π⁺π^?3π⁰ ones. The partial widths of the above φ decays are evaluated, and the excitation curves in e⁺e^? annihilation are obtained, assuming reasonable particular relations among the parameters characterizing the anomalous terms of the HLS Lagrangian. The evaluated branching ratios B_φ→π⁺_π^?_3π⁰ ≈ 2 × 10^?7 and B_φ→2π⁺_2π^?_π⁰ ≈ 7 × 10^?7 are such that, with the luminosity L=500 pb^?1 attained at DAΦNE φ factory, one may already possess about 1685 events of the decays φ→5π.     

Exclusive ωπ<Superscript>0</Superscript> production with muons<Superscript>⋆</Superscript>

Using 160GeV muon scattering data collected with the COMPASS experiment at CERN, the exclusive production of ωπ⁰ via virtual photons was studied. Selective population of a peak around 1250MeV is observed. Possible contributions from spin-parity 1^- are searched for, inspecting decay angular correlations. In particular, the orientation of the ω decay plane may allow a distinction from the 1⁺ b ₁(1235) state. Our observation is compared with indications of a (1250) in annihilation and in γp . Original article based on material presented at HADRON 2007.     

Study of ground states of <Superscript>3</Superscript>H, <Superscript>3,4,6</Superscript>He, <Superscript>6</Superscript>Li,and <Superscript>9</Superscript>Be nuclei by Feynman’s continual integrals method

The ground-state energies and the squared moduli of the ground-state wave functions are calculated for the ³H, ^3,4,6He, ⁶Li, and ⁹Be nuclei by Feynman’s continual (path) integrals method. The results are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data.     

Production of residual radioactive nuclei in thin <Superscript>209</Superscript>Bi, <Superscript>nat</Superscript>Pb, <Superscript>206</Superscript>Pb, <Superscript>207</Superscript>Pb,and <Superscript>208</Superscript>Pb targets bombarded with 0.04–2.6 GeV protons

The results of the experimental measurement and numerical simulation of the cross sections for residual radioactive nuclei production in thin ²⁰⁹Bi, ^natPb, ²⁰⁶Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb targets bombarded with protons in the energy range from 0.04 to 2.6 GeV are reported. The nuclide production cross sections were measured using γ spectrometry with a high-resolution Ge detector. The experimental data include a total of 5972 reaction cross sections at 11 proton energy values. The results are compared to the data from other laboratories reported in 80 papers. The model calculations were carried out using eight simulation code packages: LAHET, INCL4 + ABLA, CEM03, LAQGSM + GEM2, CASCADE, CASCADE-2004, CASCADO, and LAHETO. A detailed analysis of discrepancies between the measured and calculated data is presented.