Confocal calcium imaging with ultraviolet laser- scanning microscopy and indo-1

We developed a newly designed ultraviolet laser-scanning confocal microscopy (UV-LSCM) system and applied it for quantitative confocal imaging of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) with the dual-emission wavelength indicator indo-1. The resolution and contrast of the biological sample images obtained using the current UV system were found to be comparable to those obtained with the conventional visible LSM optics and hence the UV-transmittable optics in our LSM system employing an achromatic objective lens provides appreciable confocality in the UV range. When indo-1 is used with this UV-LSCM system, dual- imaging ratiometric measurement of [Ca²⁺]_i can be easily performed without requiring time-consuming geometrical decalibration of the two simultaneously obtained images. The resulting confocal images allow quantitative analysis of [Ca²⁺]_i in rapidly contractile cardiac cells at a high temporal resolution in line-scan and fast frame-scan modes. The combined use of the UV-LSCM and dual- emission ratiometric indicator is now practical and we anticipate its widespread application in physiological and pathological studies in living cells.     

ArCN三原子准分子的研究(Ⅰ)——电子态的量子化学计算

分别采用６－３１Ｇ＊，６－３１Ｇ?＊基组对线性ＡｒＣＮ分子的X²∑⁺，Ａ²∏_i，Ｂ²∑⁺，Ｃ²∏_i，Ｄ²∑⁺和Ｅ²∏_r ６个电子态进行了从头计算法开壳自旋限制Ｈａｒｔｒｅｅ－Ｆｏｃｋ（ＲＯＨＦ）计算。计算结果表明线性ＡｒＣＮ分子的电子态具有典型的准分子结构，从而可以肯定ＣＮ与稀有气体原子Ｒｇ（Ａｒ，Ｋｒ，Ｘｅ）能够形成自由基准分子。对Ｘ²∑⁺，Ａ²∏_i的自旋非限制Ｈａｒｔｒｅｅ－Ｆｏｃｋ（ＵＨＦ）计算证实较大的自旋污染不影响势能曲线的形状。 关键词：     

Investigation in the L.C.A.O.-M.O. Framework of the overlap and covalency contribution to the zero field splitting of S state ions

Using the L.C.A.O.-M.O. scheme, we review the different stages of the calculation of the overlap and covalency contribution to the zero-field splitting of ⁶S state ions. We calculate general molecular integrals involved in the non-local spin-spin contribution and derive analytic functions of the metal-ligand distance to fit numerical results of integral calculations for Mn²⁺---F⁻, Mn²⁺---O²⁻, Fe³⁺---F⁻and Fe³⁺---O²⁻ bonds. We use these results to calculate the zero-field splitting of Mn²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions at Ca²⁺ or Zn²⁺ crystal sites of tetragonal or trigonal symmetry in diamagnetic host lattices (RbCaF₃ and KZnF₃).     

一个新的自由能函数对介电高弹薄膜的多组等双轴预拉伸下力电耦合实验的预测

当介电高弹聚合物薄膜被施以面内等双轴预拉伸后, 受到厚度方向的电压作用时, 薄膜在力场和电场共同作用下产生大变形. 电场采用Maxwell应力分析, 力场采用橡胶弹性模型分析. 拟合这类变形的常用橡胶弹性模型主要有Neo-Hookean, Arruda-Boyce, Gent等模型. 这些模型对实验数据的定量拟合存在不同程度的偏差. 通过对实验数据的分析, 结合数学方法, 提出了一个新的自由能函数模型. 通过该模型对VHB4905介电高弹聚合物薄膜的多组等双轴预拉伸电力耦合实验进行拟合, 并以Neo-Hookean, Gent模型作为对照, 结果与实验数据拟合很好, 比对照模型的偏差明显缩小.     

Study of influence of metal ions on CdTe/H2O2 chemiluminescence

Water-soluble CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized and applied to study the effect of metal ions on chemiluminescence (CL) of the CdTe/H₂O₂ system. The effects of experimental factors, such as pH, particle sizes of CdTe and reagent concentration, on kinetics curve and CL intensity of the CdTe/H₂O₂ system were examined. The results showed that under the optimal conditions Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ enhanced the CL intensity, and Cr³⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ag⁺ inhibited the CL intensity.     

Er3+/Tm3+共掺杂Ga5Ge20Sb10S65玻璃的发光特性及能量传递

采用高温熔融急冷法制备了系列Er3+/Tm3+共掺杂的Ga5Ge20Sb10S65玻璃,测试了样品的吸收光谱,以及分别在980 nm和800nm LD激发下样品的荧光光谱.运用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Er3+离子在Ga5Ge20Sb1oS65玻璃中的强度参数Ω(i=2,4,6)、自发辐射跃迁几率A和辐射寿命τ等光...     

HOW TO DETERMINE THE NUCLEAR MATRIX ELEMENT IN 2β-Decay?-A DISCUSSION OF PCAC, 2β-DECAY AND DOUBLE-CHARGE EXCHANGE REACTION OF PIONS ON NUCLEI

It is shown that by applying PCAC, the 2β-decay process can be directly related to double-charge-exchange reaction. Therefore, by studying double-charge-exchange reactions one is able to determine the nuclear matrix element of the relevant 2β-decay experimentally. A preliminary analysis has indicated that if the experimental data of forward-angle cross section on Ca⁴⁰ with pion beam at 164 Mev^[9] are used and extrapolated to Ca⁴⁸, then the squared nuclear matrix element thus determined is smaller than that calculated for Ca⁴⁰→Ti⁴⁸+2e^-+2v^[11] by 10⁵～10⁶.     

Synthesis and properties of a new copper(II)-hafnium phosphate Cu0.5Hf2(PO4)3

Phosphates of general formula M_0.5Hf₂(PO₄)₃ with M=Cd²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺ and Cu²⁺ were prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by several physical techniques. The compounds containing Cd²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺ belong to the Nasicon-type structure, whereas Cu_0.5Hf₂(PO₄)₃ exhibited substantially different DRX patterns. Combined temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) showed that the copper in Cu_0.5Hf₂(PO₄)₃ was distributed between two energetically different sites in proportions respectively equal to 40 and 60%. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) investigations confirmed the TPR/TPO results and revealed that the two sites hosting the Cu²⁺ ions are of orthorhombic symmetry. Moreover, the Cu²⁺ ions might be reduced by hydrogen to Cu⁺. These results were also supported by the UV–visible studies that showed the disappearance, under reducing conditions, of the band corresponding to crystal field transitions of Cu²⁺ ions and the emergence of a new peak attributed to the transitions between (3d)¹⁰ and (3d)⁹(4s)¹ Cu⁺ levels. At the same time, IR spectroscopy confirmed that protons entered the open lattice framework of the material and gave rise to a new protonated phase containing monovalent copper Cu_0.5^IH_0.5Hf₂(PO₄)₃. This redox process was proven to be reversible without any subsequent change in the network of the phosphate.     

Bcl-2蛋白抑制钙信号的建模与全局动力学分析

钙离子(Ca~(2+))是生物体内一种"生死攸关"的信号分子,Bcl-2蛋白可以直接或间接调节IP_3R通道释放Ca~(2+)的能力,借此决定细胞命运.本文基于新近的实验成果,针对Bcl-2蛋白间接调控Ca~(2+)的信号通路建立数学模型,得到了与实验数据相符合的结果,从理论上证明了Bcl-2蛋白对钙信号有抑制作用.在对模型进行鲁棒性检验之后,本文对该信号通路中一些关键组分的作用进行了预测.以[IP_3]和[Bcl-2]为双分岔参数分析的结果表明Bcl-2对刺激强度能产生Ca~(2+)振荡的区域有重要影响.以蛋白磷酸酶1[PP1]和蛋白激酶A[PKA]为单分岔参数分析的结果揭示:PP1可以有效地抑制钙信号,而PKA对钙信号的促进作用有一定的局限性.模型结果表明,不同浓度组合的IP_3,Bcl-2和PKA会对钙信号发挥复杂的调控作用.本文不仅对相关生物学实验有一定的指导作用,而且可为治疗因钙信号失调而导致的疾病提供思路.     

Effect of co-doped metal caions on the properties of Y_2O_3:Eu~(3+) phosphors synthesized by gel-combustion method

Y_2O_3:Eu~(3+) phosphors co-doped with different metal cations(Li~+, Na~+, K~+, Mg~(2+), Ca~(2+)) are prepared by the gelcombustion method with Y_2O_3, Eu_2O_3, and R(NO3)x(R = Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca) serving as raw materials and glycine as fuel,calcined at 1000?C for 2h. The synthesized Y_2O_3:Eu~(3+) phosphors doped with different metal cations and doping ratios are characterized by x-ray diffractometry(XRD), fluorescence and phosphorescent spectrophotometer. The co-doping metal cations are advantageous to the development of Y_2O_3:Eu~(3+) lattice. All the samples can emit red light peaked at 611 nm under 254-nm excited. The luminescence intensities of co-doping samples are increased because the cations increase the electron transition probability of Eu~(3+) from ~5D_0 level to ~7F level. The fluorescence lifetime of Eu~(3+)(~5D_0→~7F_2) is increased by doping metal cations.     

西兰花种子提取萝卜硫素的酶解体系

以提取萝卜硫素主要酶解因素:pH、催化缓冲液类型、Zn2+浓度、Vc的浓度为4个考察因素,分别设立3个水平,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,优化提取酶解体系.结果表明,各因素的重要性顺序为:pH＞催化缓冲液类型＞Vc的浓度＞Zn2+浓度.西兰花种子生产萝卜硫素的最佳条件为:pH 5.0、Zn2+浓度为0.1mol/L、Vc的浓度为0.5mg/mL、以0.1mol/L醋酸-醋酸钠萝卜汁缓冲液为酶解缓冲体系.验证结果显示优选的缓冲液体系高效、稳定,可以作为西兰花种子提取萝卜硫素的酶解体系.     

掺杂离子对白色长余辉发光材料Y2O2S:Tb3+, Eu3+,M2+ (M=Mg,Ca, Sr,Ba),Zr4+性能的影响

采用高温固相法制备了白色长余辉发光材料Y₂O₂S:Tb³⁺, Eu³⁺,M²⁺(M=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), Zr⁴⁺, 利用X晶体衍射、发光光谱、余辉曲线和热释光曲线等对制备的材料进行表征。结果表明:掺杂离子没有改变样品晶体结构和发射峰的位置,但对其发光强度、余辉时间及陷阱深度有较大的影响。在263 nm紫外光的激发下,469 nm和626 nm的发射分别对应于Eu³⁺的⁵D₂→⁷F₀、⁵D₀→⁷F₂跃迁,544 nm的发射对应于Tb³⁺的⁵D₄→⁷F₅跃迁,主要通过它们的混合产生白光。掺杂不同二价离子样品的余辉性能按Mg²⁺、Sr²⁺、Ca²⁺、Ba²⁺的顺序递减,其中掺杂Mg²⁺的样品,色度坐标为(0.29,0.32),陷阱深度为1.17 eV,余辉时间长达320 s(≥1 mcd/m²),表现出最佳的发光性能。     

多面体共替代对Sr_2(Al_(1–x) Mg_x)(Al_(1–x) Si_(1+x))O_7:Eu~(2+)晶体结构和发光颜色的影响

采用高温固相法合成Sr_(1.98)(Al_(1–x) Mg_x)(Al_(1–x) Si_(1+x))O_7: 2%Eu~(2+)荧光粉完全固溶体,利用X射线衍射、光致发光光谱和光学显微镜进行晶体结构和发光性能的研究. Sr_2Al_2SiO_7和Sr_2MgSi_2O_7同构化合物中包含[MgO_4]、[SiO_4]和[AlO_4]四面体,较大体积的[MgO_4]和较小体积的[SiO_4],共同替代体积相似的[AlO_4],导致[(Si/Al)O_4]收缩和[(Mg/Al)O_4]膨胀,晶胞参数c减少, a和V增大,使Eu~(2+)周围的环境发生改变,晶体场劈裂程度减小,发射峰位从503 nm蓝移至467 nm,实现发光光谱从绿色(0.2384, 0.3919)到蓝色(0.1342,0.1673)的转变.当x为0时,发射峰的半高宽为120 nm, x从0.25增加到1时,半高宽由89 nm逐渐减小至50 nm,多面体的替代会改变荧光粉的发光性能.     

Li~+,Zn~(2+),Mg~(2+)掺杂Lu_2O_3∶Er~(3+)荧光粉的制备及发光特性

用微波高温固相法合成了Er~(3+)单掺Lu_2O_3,Li~+与Er~(3+)共掺Lu_2O_3及Li~+,Zn~(2+),Mg~(2+)掺杂Lu_2O_3∶Er~(3+)的荧光粉。实验表明金属离子Li~+、Zn~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Er~(3+)掺杂Lu_2O_3,不影响Lu_2O_3的立方晶相。扫描电子显微镜测量表明,Li~+掺杂可以有效改善粉体的分散性和形貌,Li~+,Zn~(2+),Mg~(2+)共掺杂获得的粉体颗粒分布更加均匀,粒径范围为80～100 nm。379 nm激发下,Li~+与Er~(3+)共掺样品发光较单掺Er~(3+)样品在565 nm处的发光增强了4.5倍,而Li~+、Zn~(2+)、Mg~(2+)与Er~(3+)共掺样品较其发光增强5.3倍。980 nm激发下,Li~+与Er~(3+)共掺样品,Li~+、Zn~(2+)、Mg~(2+)与Er~(3+)共掺样品的发光分别比单掺Er~(3+)样品在565 nm处发光增强23倍与39倍,在662 nm处发光强度分别增强20倍与43倍。379 nm激发下,较单掺Er~(3+)的样品,掺杂Li~+的样品和Li~+,Zn~(2+),Mg~(2+)和Er~(3+)共掺的样品荧光寿命均有所增加,而Zn~(2+)、Er~(3+)共掺及Mg~(2+)、Er~(3+)共掺样品的荧光寿命则有所缩短。     

Theoretical investigation on forbidden transition properties of fine-structure splitting in ~2D state for K-like ions with 26≤Z≤36

Excitation energies, magnetic dipole, and electric quadrupole transition probabilities of the 3d~2 D_(3/2)–3d~2D_(5/2) transition in the potassium-like(K-like) sequence with 26≤Z≤36 are investigated by using the multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock(MCDHF) method. The contributions of the electron correlations, Breit interaction, and the leading-order quantum electrodynamic(QED) effects on the transition properties are analyzed. The present results are interested in the laboratory tokamak and the astronomical observations. Furthermore, the feasibility of these ions for the highly charged ion(HCI) clocks is discussed. Considering the wavelength of lasers and manipulation process of the atomic clocks, Cu~(10+)and Zn~(11+)are recommended as promising candidates with achievable quality factors at the 10~(15) level.     

杯[8]芳烃-硝酸稀土配合物的红外光谱及荧光性能

合成了以对叔丁基杯[8]芳烃(LH₈)、硝酸根及DMF为配体,单一稀土RE³⁺(Sm³⁺、Eu³⁺、Tb³⁺、Dy³⁺)及混合稀土Tb³⁺:Ln³⁺(Ln=La³⁺,Gd³⁺,Y³⁺)为中心的7种稀土配合物,对其进行了元素分析、摩尔电导、热谱、红外光谱及荧光性能研究.荧光光谱的测试表明所有Tb³⁺及其共掺杂配合物具有较强的特征荧光发射,荧光惰性离子La³⁺、Gd³⁺、Y³⁺对Tb³⁺的荧光有增强作用,其中Y³⁺的荧光增强作用最大,Gd³⁺次之,La³⁺最小.     

基于萘酰腙类锌离子增强型荧光探针的合成及光谱性能

设计合成了一种简单的酰腙类结构的增强型荧光探针HM,实现了对锌离子（Zn²⁺）的高选择性识别。运用ESI-MS质谱、荧光光谱和紫外-可见光谱等手段研究了探针HM对Zn²⁺的识别过程。紫外光谱测试表明,当向探针HM中加入Zn²⁺后,386 nm处的吸收峰逐渐减弱,在420 nm处出现了新的吸收峰,并且强度逐渐增大,直至达到平衡,等吸收点为396 nm。荧光光谱分析表明,探针HM能够高选择性地识别Zn²⁺。在发射波长510 nm处的荧光增强2.5倍,最低检出限为1.0×10^-5 mol/L、量子产率为0.02。该识别过程为PET（光诱导电子转移机理）和CHEF（螯合荧光增强机理）共同作用的结果。通过电喷雾质谱和Job's plot实验证明探针HM与Zn²⁺以1：1配位,平衡常数（K）达到4.05×10⁶ L·mol^-1。     

The role of polarization of Xe by di- and monovalent cations in Xe NMR studies in zeolite A

We consider the role of polarization in the adsorption of Xe in zeolites of type A by direct comparative analysis of the adsorption isotherms, distributions of occupancies, and ¹²⁹Xe NMR chemical shifts of Xe_n in cages containing Ca_xNa_{12 −2x} ions per alpha cage (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5). We find that the qualitative trends in the adsorption isotherms, and in the progressions of Xe_n chemical shifts (for n = 0–8 in cages with x = 0, 1 Ca²⁺ ions and for n = 0–5 in cages with x = 2, 3 Ca²⁺ ions) upon increasing the level of Ca²⁺ ion for Na⁺ ion substitution could only be accounted for by including polarization of the Xe atom by the zeolite framework and its ions. This system, which permits observation of individual Xe_n peaks and of directly comparable adsorption isotherms in several cage types, provides a good model system for the interpretation of the more general case in which only the overall average ¹²⁹Xe NMR chemical shift is observed in open network zeolites, arising from free exchange of Xe among cavities of variable occupancy and variable cation distribution.     

碱土金属离子对红色长余辉材料Y2O2S：Eu3+, M2+（M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba）,Ti4+纳米阵列发光性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶模板法制备红色长余辉发光材料Y₂O₂S：Eu³⁺,M²⁺（M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba）,Ti⁴⁺纳米阵列,利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和荧光分光光度计、照度计分别研究了不同二价离子掺杂下所合成样品的物相、形貌及发光性能。结果表明：样品排列整齐有序,管径大小统一;不同的二价离子种类没有改变晶体结构和发射峰的位置,但对余辉性能有较大的影响。用324 nm波长光激发样品,由于Eu³⁺的⁵D₀→⁷F₂跃迁,最强的红色发射峰位于626 nm处;不同离子掺杂样品的余辉性能按Ba²⁺、Ca²⁺、Sr²⁺、Mg²⁺的顺序递加,其中二价离子为Mg²⁺ 时,余辉时间长达287 s（≥1 mcd/m²）,表现出最佳的余辉性能。     

SrZn2(PO4)2:Sn2+,Mn2+荧光粉的发光性质及其能量传递机理

采用高温固相法制备了SrZn₂(PO₄)₂:Sn²⁺(SZ₂P:Sn²⁺), SrZn₂(PO₄)₂:Mn²⁺(SZ₂P:Mn²⁺), SrZn₂ (PO₄)₂:Sn²⁺, Mn²⁺(SZ₂P:Sn²⁺, Mn²⁺) 荧光粉. 通过X射线衍射、激发和发射光谱详细研究了荧光粉的物相和发光性质. 在SrZn₂(PO₄)₂ 基质中, Sn²⁺离子发射光谱是峰值位于461 nm宽带谱, 归属于Sn²⁺离子的³P₁→¹S₀能级跃迁, SZ₂P:Mn²⁺激发光谱由基质吸收带(200–300 nm)和位于352, 373, 419, 431和466 nm的一系列激发峰组成, 分别对应Mn²⁺离子的⁶A₁(⁶S)→⁴E(⁴D), ⁶A₁(⁶S)→⁴T₂(⁴D), ⁶A₁(⁶S)→[⁴A₁(⁴G), ⁴E(⁴G)], ⁶A₁(⁶S)→⁴T₂(⁴G)和⁶A₁(⁶S)→⁴T₁(⁴G)能级跃迁, 因此, SZ₂P:Sn²⁺ 的发射光谱与SZ₂P:Mn²⁺的激发光谱有较大范围的重叠. 结果表明Sn²⁺对Mn²⁺发光有明显的敏化作用. 基于Dexter电多极相互作用能量传递公式和Reisfeld近似原理分析, 荧光粉SZ₂P:Sn²⁺, Mn²⁺中Sn²⁺-Mn²⁺离子之间的能量传递机理属于电四极-电四极相互作用引起的共振能量传递, 并计算出Sn²⁺-Mn²⁺离子之间能量传递临界距离R_c ≈ 1.78 nm. 通过改变Sn²⁺, Mn²⁺离子掺杂浓度, 实现了荧光粉发光颜色的调节, 在254 nm短波紫外激发下荧光粉发出较强的蓝白光. 研究结果表明SZ₂P:Sn²⁺, Mn²⁺荧光粉有望应用于紧凑型节能灯照明领域, 随着半导体紫外芯片技术的发展, 有潜力应用于未来的白光发光二极管照明领域.