Positivity-preserving scheme for the flux reconstruction framework with a novel implementation

The positivity-preserving scheme for the flux reconstruction (FR) framework is studied in this paper. A simple and direct implementation of the scheme is also proposed. Owing to the scheme and the implementation, FR or other high-order nodal methods can provide completely physically meaningful solutions at each time step. Their robustness is greatly enhanced. In the numerical tests, the solving of Euler equations coupled with artificial viscosity and Navier–Stokes equations is focused. Satisfying results are obtained in problems that include strong shocks or vacuum states.     

Analysis and improvement of a chaos-based symmetric image encryption scheme using a bit-level permutation

Recently, a chaos-based symmetric image encryption scheme using a bit-level permutation was proposed. In this paper, we analyze the potential flaws in Zhu’s algorithm in detail and develop a chosen-plaintext attack and chosen-ciphertext attack on Zhu’s algorithm. The proposed attack indicates that the Arnold cat map applied directly in image encryptions is not suitable for cryptography. We also propose the corresponding improved scheme. The improved scheme preserves the merits of the original one.     

A carbuncle cure for the Harten-Lax-van Leer contact(HLLC)scheme using a novel velocity-based sensor

A hybrid numerical flux scheme is proposed by adapting the carbunclefree modified Harten-Lax-van Leer contact(HLLCM) scheme to smoothly revert to the Harten-Lax-van Leer contact(HLLC) scheme in regions of shear. This hybrid scheme, referred to as the HLLCT scheme, employs a novel, velocity-based shear sensor. In contrast to the non-local pressure-based shock sensors often used in carbuncle cures, the proposed shear sensor can be computed in a localized manner meaning that the HLLCT scheme can be easily introduced into existing codes without having to implement additional data structures. Through numerical experiments, it is shown that the HLLCT scheme is able to resolve shear layers accurately without succumbing to the shock instability.     

新型无陀螺捷联惯导系统导航方案设计及建模

针对传统无陀螺捷联惯导系统角速度求解复杂,解算效率低,惯性元件安装精度要求高等问题,提出一种新型的无陀螺捷联惯导导航方案,将8-UPS型并联式六维加速度传感器作为其惯性元件,直接测量出运载体的六维绝对加速度。基于矢量力学理论,推导了其惯导基本方程;通过数值积分运算来提取载体的线运动参量;运用空间几何理论建立姿态方程,实时更新捷联矩阵以获取载体的角运动参量,从而完成了导航建模与解算。仿真结果表明该系统能满足航行体中精度实时导航的要求,是有效可行的。与同类导航相比,该系统具有结构紧凑、解算效率高、物理模型误差敏感性低等优势。     

Enhancing the emergence of hyperchaos using an indirect coupling and its verification based on digital implementation

In this work, an indirect coupling used in a pair of simple autonomous discrete systems in order to enhance the emergence of hyperchaos is presented. The peculiarity that the used systems will never generate chaotic or hyperchaotic dynamics by itself makes this case an interesting problem to address. Moreover, it is possible to achieve in-phase or anti-phase synchronization by varying some parameters of the indirect coupling. Additionally, different methods to analyze the emerging dynamics of the coupled systems using an indirect coupling compared to a conventional coupling are presented. Finally, an electronic digital implementation is conducted by using the SPI protocol of two coupled PIC-24FJ64GA006 16-bit microcontrollers.

     

Theoretical analysis and circuit implementation of a novel complicated hyperchaotic system

This article presents a new hyperchaotic system of four-dimensional quadratic autonomous ordinary differential equations, which has one equilibrium point and two quadratic nonlinearities. Some basic dynamical properties are further investigated by means of Poincaré mapping, parameter phase portraits, and calculated Lyapunov exponents and power spectra. The existence of the hyperchaotic system is verified not only by theoretical analysis but also by conducting a novel fourth-order electronic circuit experiment. Various attractors of experimental results show that this 4D hyperchaotic system is different from the historically proposed system and has good engineering application prospects.     

Chaotic synchronization and anti-synchronization for a novel class of multiple chaotic systems via a sliding mode control scheme

This paper brings attention to the chaotic antisynchronization and synchronization for a novel class of chaotic systems with different structure and dimensions by using a new sliding mode control strategy. This approach needs only n?1 controllers, where n is the number of the salve system dimensions. And our method uses proportional integral (PI) surface and saturation function to simplify the task of assigning the performance of the closed-loop error system in sliding motion. Furthermore, the sufficient conditions are derived, and representative examples are proposed as well. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control scheme, which are in agreement with theoretical analysis.     

A stabilized finite element predictor–corrector scheme for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations using a nodal‐based implementation

A finite element model to solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations based on the stabilization with orthogonal subscales, a predictor–corrector scheme to segregate the pressure and a nodal based implementation is presented in this paper. The stabilization consists of adding a least‐squares form of the component orthogonal to the finite element space of the convective and pressure gradient terms, which allows to deal with convection‐dominated flows and to use equal velocity–pressure interpolation. The pressure segregation is inspired in fractional step schemes, although the converged solution corresponds to that of a monolithic time integration. Finally, the nodal‐based implementation is based on an a priori calculation of the integrals appearing in the formulation and then the construction of the matrix and right‐hand side vector of the final algebraic system to be solved. After appropriate approximations, this matrix and this vector can be constructed directly for each nodal point, without the need to loop over the elements and thus making the calculations much faster. Some issues related to this implementation for fractional step and our predictor–corrector scheme, which is the main contribution of this paper, are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of a multiaxial test on a C/C composite by using digital image correlation and a damage model

The “planar” digital image correlation technique needs a single CCD camera to acquire the surface patterns of a zone of a specimen in the underformed and deformed states. With these two images, one can determine in-plane displacement and strain fields. The digital image correlation technique used herein is based on Fast Fourier Transforms, which are very effective in reducing the computation cost. Its performance is assessed and discussed on artificial signals and in a real experimental situation. The technique is utilized to analyze experimental results of a plane shear experiment and validate a damage meso-model describing different degradations in a C/C composite material.     

Modeling and theoretical analysis of a novel ratcheting-type cam-based infinitely variable transmission system

An infinitely variable transmission (IVT) is a system that allows for a continuous (non-discrete) variation (including zero) in transmission ratio between two rotating elements. In this paper, a novel ratcheting-type IVT mechanism is presented and its geometrical design and kinematic analysis are studied in details. The proposed system contains two identical units. Each unit includes a cam with a follower, oscillatory slotted links pivoted at a shaft that can be moved vertically by a hydraulic ram (alterable transmission ratio), and a grooved wheel with an actuating rod. The input rotational motion is converted through each unit to an oscillatory angular motion of controlled amplitude. This resulting motion is rectified using a ratchet to get a unidirectional output rotational motion. Therefore, the system output motion will have a different velocity and acceleration than those of the system input. The kinematic analysis revealed that the transmission ratio can be varied continuously in a range from zero to infinity. The analysis also showed that, for particular transmission ratios, the system gives uniform output (angular velocity and acceleration) for a corresponding uniform input.     

Design and ARM-embedded implementation of a chaotic secure communication scheme based on H.264 selective encryption

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this paper, a novel video chaotic secure communication scheme and its ARM-embedded hardware implementation are investigated, based on the H.264 selective encryption and...     

Computation of three-dimensional flow using the Euler equations and a multiple-grid scheme

The unsteady Euler equations are numerically solved using the finite volume one-step scheme recently developed by Ron-Ho Ni. The multiple-grid procedure of Ni is also implemented. The flows are assumed to be homo-enthalpic; the energy equation is eliminated and the static pressure is determined by the steady Bernoulli equation; a local time-step technique is used. Inflow and outflow boundaries are treated with the compatibility relations method of ONERA. The efficiency of the multiple-grid scheme is demonstrated by a two-dimensional calculation (transonic flow past the NACA 12 aerofoil) and also by a three-dimensional one (transonic lifting flow past the M6 wing). The third application presented shows the ability of the method to compute the vortical flow around a delta wing with leading-edge separation. No condition is applied at the leading-edge; the vortex sheets are captured in the same sense as shock waves. Results indicate that the Euler equations method is well suited for the prediction of flows with shock waves and contact discontinuities, the multiple-grid procedure allowing a substantial reduction of the computational time.     

An improved KGF‐SPH with a novel discrete scheme of Laplacian operator for viscous incompressible fluid flows

The kernel gradient free (KGF) smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is a modified finite particle method (FPM) which has higher order accuracy than the conventional SPH method. In KGF‐SPH, no kernel gradient is required in the whole computation, and this leads to good flexibility in the selection of smoothing functions and it is also associated with a symmetric corrective matrix. When modeling viscous incompressible flows with SPH, FPM or KGF‐SPH, it is usual to approximate the Laplacian term with nested approximation on velocity, and this may introduce numerical errors from the nested approximation, and also cause difficulties in dealing with boundary conditions. In this paper, an improved KGF‐SPH method is presented for modeling viscous, incompressible fluid flows with a novel discrete scheme of Laplacian operator. The improved KGF‐SPH method avoids nested approximation of first order derivatives, and keeps the good feature of ‘kernel gradient free’. The two‐dimensional incompressible fluid flow of shear cavity, both in Euler frame and Lagrangian frame, are simulated by SPH, FPM, the original KGF‐SPH and improved KGF‐SPH. The numerical results show that the improved KGF‐SPH with the novel discrete scheme of Laplacian operator are more accurate than SPH, and more stable than FPM and the original KGF‐SPH. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of a hydrostatic transmission driveline for its use in off-road multiple axle vehicles

There is a vast range of off-road multi-axle wheeled vehicle configurations. Some of the most common are the three axle rigid vehicles or the four axle articulated vehicles. However, these types of vehicles have the problem of using very complex transmission configurations. In addition, the requirements in terms of torque in each of the wheels are quite variable and non uniform. This work aims to model and study, from the standpoint of performance and energy efficiency, the driveline of such vehicles. The modelling process for the design and analysis of a hydrostatic transmission aimed at off-road multiple axle vehicles has been conceptually described. Mathematical models for the main components of the transmission and a global model of the driveline have been defined. A specific example study is presented, applying the described procedure. Results show that the overall performance of the transmission is highly dependent on the operating conditions, on the selected configuration and on the used components. The results also show that the actual instantaneous efficiency of each of the components is usually far below their maximum catalogue value. In the case study efficiencies up to 64% have been reached for the overall transmission.     

Development and validation of a SUPG finite element scheme for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations using a modified inviscid flux discretization

This paper considers the streamline‐upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) method applied to the unsteady compressible Navier–Stokes equations in conservation‐variable form. The spatial discretization, including a modified approach for interpolating the inviscid flux terms in the SUPG finite element formulation, and the second‐order accurate time discretization are presented. The numerical method is discussed in detail. The performance of the algorithm is then investigated by considering inviscid flow past a circular cylinder. Validation of the finite element formulation via comparisons with experimental data for high‐Mach number perfect gas laminar flows is presented, with a specific focus on comparisons with experimentally measured skin friction and convective heat transfer on a 15° compression ramp. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite-Element simulation of the start-up problem for a viscoelastic fluid in an eccentric rotating cylinder geometry using a third-order upwind scheme

We numerically simulate the flow field of a dilute polymeric solution using a finitely extendable nonlinear elastic (FENE) dumbbell model. A third-order accurate finite element upwind scheme is used to discretize the convection term in the FENE dumbbell equations for the configuration tensor. The numerical scheme also avoids unphysical negative values for diagonal components of the configuration tensor. The FENE dumbbell equations are solved along with the momentum and continuity equations at small Reynolds numbers with an accuracy of second order in time. In this work we apply this numerical technique to the motion of a viscoelastic fluid in an eccentric rotating cylinder geometry. We obtain the velocity and the polymer contribution to the stress fields as a function of time, and also examine the steady solutions. A particular focus is the influence of coupling between changes in polymer conformation and changes in the flow that occurs as the polymer concentration is increased to a level where the polymer contribution to the zero-shear viscosity of the solution is equal to that of the solvent.This research was supported under grants from the National Science Foundation and the San Diego Supercomputer Center.     

A novel design scheme for acoustic cloaking of complex shape based on region partitioning and multi-origin coordinate transformation

Acoustic cloaking is an important application of acoustic metamaterials. This article proposes a novel design scheme for acoustic cloaking based on the region partitioning and multi-origin coordinate transformation. The cloaked region is partitioned into multiple narrow strips. For each strip, a local coordinate system is established with the local origin located at the strip center, and a coordinate transformation in the local coordinate system is conducted to squeeze the material along the strip length direction to form the cloaked region. To facilitate the implementation of the acoustic cloak, the multilayer effective medium is used to approximate the non-uniform anisotropic material parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed coordinate transformation method is verified by comparing the results from our method with those in the literature. Firstly, the results of a circular acoustic cloak in the literature are reproduced by using our finite element (FE) simulations for validation. Then, a comparison is made between the traditional coordinate transformation scheme and our new scheme for simulating an elliptical acoustic cloak. The results indicate that the proposed multi-origin coordinate transformation method has a better cloaking effect on the incident wave along the ellipse minor axis direction than the traditional method. This means that for the same object, an appropriate transformation scheme can be selected for different incident wave directions to achieve the optimal control effect. The validated scheme is further used to design an arch-shaped cloak composed of an upper semicircular area and a lower rectangular area, by combining the traditional single-centered coordinate transformation method for the semicircular area and the proposed multi-origin method for the rectangular area. The results show that the designed cloak can effectively control the wave propagation with significantly reduced acoustic pressure level. This work provides a flexible acoustic cloak design method applicable for arbitrary shapes and different wave incident directions, enriching the theory of acoustic cloaking based on coordinate transformation.