次级键与晶体中锑(III)螯合物配位多面体研究

考虑立体活性孤对电子附近次级键配位原子的贡献, 对文献报道的三十个氨基多羧酸锑(III)螯合物的晶体结构中配位多面体描述进行了全面的修正. 配位多面体的几何构型指定采用了单位球内截多面体的两面角判据及其相关的ANVPDA程序. 所有配位多面体几何构型的修正均得到了键价计算的有力支持.     

原子簇化合物的键价分析

根据原子簇化合物骨架的价电子结构及与配位体成键的性质,在确定原子簇骨架中存在的空轨道或孤对电子轨道数目后,按骨架价电子数目在骨架价成键轨道中的具体分配,推导了原子簇骨架的总键价数。再结合分子的几何构型,可以估计骨架中相邻原子间的成键情况。     

分子动力学模拟研究熔盐中的局部结构

我们用分子动力学(MD)方法通过计算机模拟研究了熔盐中的键取向序和局部结构。描述局部结构的简单方法是计算键角分布几率,但它不能给出键取向序的三维空间描述。有的文献采用Direchlet-Voroitol(DV)多面体处理MD模拟产生的瞬态构型,但DV     

稠环类苯化合物的化学键性质

用HF和DFT的B3LYP方法,在6-31G*水平上,首次对XmAlnNnHm(X=Cl,H;n=3,5,7,8,10,12;m=3,4,5,6)稠环类苯化合物的几何构型、红外光谱和化学键性质进行了研究,并与相应的XmC2nHm稠环化合物苯、萘、菲、芘、苝和蒄的结构作了比较.结果表明,XmAlnNnHm与XmC2nHm具有相同的几何构型,随着配位原子与骨架原子数之比R的增大,Al-N键能逐渐增大,键长逐渐减小;配位原子X对骨架化学键Al-N或C-C的影响较小.     

Con(n=2～10)团簇的结构和磁性

采用密度泛函理论中的局域自旋密度近似(LSDA)和广义梯度近似(GGA)对Con(n=2～10)团簇的几何构型进行优化，并对能量、频率和磁性进行了计算,两种方法确定的基态构型完全一致,并从平均键长、平均配位数和对称性对磁性的影响进行了理论探讨.研究表明, Con(n=2～10)基态团簇的磁性在n=2～4时主要受平均键长的影响,在n=5～9时主要受平均配位数的影响,在n=10时受原子间距和平均配位数的相互影响,最终导致与Co8基态团簇具有相同的磁性.基态团簇在Co5和Co9出现了磁性局域最小点.     

简单多原子无机共价分子的“键类数”计算及应用

本文提出了计算简单多原子无机共价分子中不同键型(σ键、π键和孤对电子——非键)键数目——“键类数”的方法,建议了几个计算“键类数”的简单公式,并讨论了它们在利用价层电子对排斥理论推断分子几何构型,确定分子的路易斯结构和判断分子中是否可能有非定域大π键形成等方面的应用。     

应用晶体结构数据进行化学反应途径研究 Ⅰ五配位钼化合物Mo(L)_5的动态立体化学

在国内首次采用结构相关法分析了28个晶体结构中所含44个Mo(L)_5片断。分子几何的定义见图1.五配位的化合物包括两个构型:三方双锥体(TBP)和四方单锥体(SQP)多面体中面间交角(二面角δ_(ij))的定义如图2.配位原子编号的优先次序为L_1和L_5间含有最大键角θ_(15),且d_5>d_1(d_i为键长增量,为晶体结构中实际测得的键长减去标准键长而得,标准键长的数值取自文献),L_2和L_4含有次大的键角θ_(24),另一个则标为L_3.     

配位多面体化合物的分子几何——群重叠积分与分子的稳定结构

本文对高配位数(八配位和十二配位)的络合物分子的群重叠积分的计算,得出这些配位络合物的稳定构型与群重叠积分平方的总和及中心离子的电子组态的依赖关系。并初步揭示了许多结构多面体和配位多面体分子具有交错面或由两个多面体交错叠合的性质。     

柏拉图多面体与高碳原子簇

在简要分析柏拉图多面体的对称性质和几何特性的基础上,讨论了它与一般高对称性原子簇的分子骨架几何构型,特别是它与高对称性高碳原子簇几何构型之间的关系.     

平面型四核铜簇合物Cu_4(CH_2XMe_n)_4桥键性质的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP方法,用LanL2DZ和6 31G*基组分别优化了平面型四核铜簇合物Cu4(CH2SiMe3)4和Cu4(CH2XMe2)4(X=P,As)的几何构型,并对B3LYP/LanL2DZ方法优化的结构进行了红外振动频率计算和自然键轨道分析.结果表明,簇合物均呈笼状结构,Cu-C-Cu三中心桥键之间电子的离域增强了Cu簇合物的稳定性,配位C原子的C-H平伏键与C-Cu配位键之间存在σ超共轭效应.     

Analysis of the supramolecular structures of Sb(III) and Sb(V) catecholate complexes from the viewpoint of ligand solid angles

The ligand solid angle approach has been successfully applied to the analysis of the catecholate complexes of Sb(III) and Sb(V). The Sb(III) complexes possess an electron lone pair that influences their molecular structure but does not behave as a classic “ligand” when intermolecular interactions are concerned. The Sb(III) complexes in solid state form numerous intermolecular interactions that effectively increase metal shielding, and herein we analyze the effects of the lone pair of electrons on the complex coordination geometry. In the five-coordinate R₃CatSb(V) complexes (Cat = catecholate ligand, R = Ph, Me, Cl) the metal is shielded by 87(3)% and multiple intermolecular contacts are observed. The central metal in the six-coordinate antimony(V) complexes R₃CatSb(V) · L is shielded to the extent of 89(2)% and no strong attractive intermolecular interactions are detected in solid state. Thus, the metal shielding in excess of 85% is required to prevent complex dimerization or additional ligation of the central atom by a nucleophile.     

Azamacrocyclic stabilization of SbCl2: synthesis and crystal structure of [SbCl2(Me3[9]aneN3)][SbCl6] showing explicit Sb lone-pair stereochemical activity. Me3[9]aneN3 = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane

The reaction of antimony(III)chloride and antimony(V)chloride in acetonitrile in the presence of the azamacrocyclic ligand Me₃[9]aneN₃ provides the golden-yellow ionic compound [SbCl₂(Me₃[9]aneN₃][SbCl₆]. X-ray structural characterization reveals the cation as five-coordinate with Ψ-octahedral metal geometry featuring a cis-SbCl₂⁺ unit coordinated to the three donor nitrogen atoms of the ligand (fac) and a stereochemically active lone pair occupying the sixth site in a trans-position to a ring nitrogen atom.     

Lower main-group element complexes with a soft scorpionate ligand: the structural influence of stereochemically active lone pairs

The syntheses and structures of complexes of the fifth period elements indium and antimony, and the sixth period element bismuth with the soft scorpionate ligand, hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate (Tm(Me)) are reported. A considerable variety of structural motifs were obtained by reaction of the main-group element halide and NaTm(Me). The indium(III) complexes took the form [In(kappa(3)-Tm(Me))(2)](+). This motif could not, however, be isolated for antimony(III), the dominant product being [Sb(kappa(3)-Tm(Me))(kappa(1)-Tm(Me))X] (X = Br, I). An iodo-bridged species [Sb(kappa(3)-Tm(Me))I(mu(2)-I)](2), analogous to a previously reported bismuth complex, was also isolated. Reaction of antimony(III) acetate with NaTm(Me) results in a remarkable species in which three different ligand binding modes are observed. In each antimony complex the influence of the nonbonded electron pair is observed in the structure. Bismuth halides form complexes analogous to those of antimony, with directional lone pairs, but in addition, reaction of Bi(NO(3))(3) with NaTm(Me) results in a complex with a regular S(6) coordination sphere and a nonstereochemically active lone pair. Comparisons are drawn with known Tm(Me) complexes of As, Sn, and Bi in which the stereochemical influence of the lone pairs is negligible and with Tm(Me) complexes of Te and Bi in which the lone pairs are stereochemically active. This study highlights the ability of Tm(Me) to coordinate in a variety of modes as dictated by the metal centre with no adverse effects on the stability of the complexes formed.     

Coordination polyhedra PbX<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Subscript> (X = F,Cl, Br,I) in crystal structures

The Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedra (VDP) and the intersecting sphere method were used to analyze the coordination of Pb(II) and Pb(IV) atoms by halogen atoms in the crystal structures of 158 compounds. A decrease in the steric effect of the Pb(II) lone electron pair with a decrease in the electronegativity of the surrounding atoms was established. The influence of the nature of the central atom on the steric effect of the lone pair in the structure of the AX _n ^z? complexes, where X is halogen or oxygen, A = Tl(I), Sn(II), Pb(II), As(III),Sb(III), Bi(III), S(IV), Se(IV), Te(IV), or Cl(V) was considered.     

Stereochemistry of Pb(II) Complexes with Aminopolycarboxylic Ligands. The Role of a Lone Electron Pair

The structures of complex anions of Pb(II) coordination compounds (complexonates) with monoamino-, diamino-, and polyaminopolycarboxylic acids as ligands were interpreted in terms of a model of the valence shell electron pair repulsion. A lone electron pair (E) in all structurally studied Pb(II) complexonates with carboxyl-containing complexones was shown to be stereochemically active, and the structure of Pb coordination polyhedron was found to depend on both the ligand dentate number and on its degree of protonation. As the ligand dentate number increased, the coordination number (C.N.) of a central atom changed from 4 + E for monoamine complexonates to 6 + E for diamine and triamine complexonates. With allowance for secondary bonds in the structure, the C.N. of the Pb atom increased to 7–9. The Pb(II) complexonates with nitrilotriacetic acid exhibit the formation of a new type of coordination polyhedron for post-transition elements in a low-valent state with five electron pairs in a valence shell (including one lone electron pair), i.e., the ψ-trigonal bipyramid with E in the axial position.__________Translated from Koordinatsionnaya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 7, 2005, pp. 483–494.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Davidovich.     

Coordination polyhedra TeO n in crystal structures

The Voronoi-Dirichlet (VD) polyhedra and the intersecting spheres method have been used to analyze the coordination of Te(IV) and Te(VI) atoms by oxygen atoms in the crystal structures of 317 compounds. The quantitative estimation of the steric effect of the Te(IV) lone electron pair, giving rise to the asymmetry of the coordination sphere and manifesting itself as a substantial (on average, by 0.5(1) Å) displacement of Te(IV) atoms from the centroids of their VD polyhedra, is presented.     

Tri-m-tolylantimony dibenzoate: Synthesis and structure

Tri-m-tolylantimony dibenzoate (II) has been synthesized by the reaction between tri-m-tolylantimony (I) and benzoic acid in diethyl ether in the presence of tert-butylhydroperoxide with a yield of 95%. According to X-ray diffraction data, a molecule of compound I is shaped as a trigonal pyramid with a lone pair on the antimony atom (Sb-C, 2.146(3), 2.148(3), and 2.152(3) Å; CSbC, 96.49(11)°, 96.91(11)°, and 97.28(11)°). An antimony atom in compound II has a distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination to the oxygen atoms in axial positions. The Sb-C and Sb-O distances are 2.107(3)–2.121(3) Å and 2.134(2), 2.140(2) Å, respectively. The OSbO and CSbC angles are 175.68(9)° and 108.02(14)°–140.36(15)°, respectively. The Sb…O intramolecular contacts are 2.869(4) and 2.925(4) Å.     

Sur un nouveau Complexe entre l'oxyfluorure d'antimoine et l'oxalate. Structure cristalline de (NH4)4H2(C2O4)3(SbOF) 2 · H2O

On a New Complex of Antimony Oxide Fluoride and Oxalate. Crystal Structure of (NH₄)₄H₂(C₂O₄)₃(SbOF) ₂ · H₂O The crystal structure of (NH₄)₄H₂(C₂O₄)₃(SbOF) ₂ · H₂O has been fixed by X-ray diffraction on single crystal (R = 0.025 for 2124 planes). The antimony atom is complexed by the oxalate anions which are bidendate chelates. Antimony coordination is seven (five oxygen atoms, one fluorine atom, and the lone pair E). Antimony environment is a pentagonal bipyramid, one of the axial positions is occupied by the lone pair, the other one by the fluorine atom.     

N-heterocyclic phosphenium ligands as sterically and electronically-tunable isolobal analogues of nitrosyls

The coordination chemistry of an N-heterocyclic phosphenium (NHP)-containing bis(phosphine) pincer ligand has been explored with Pt(0) and Pd(0) precursors. Unlike previous compounds featuring monodentate NHP ligands, the resulting NHP Pt and Pd complexes feature pyramidal geometries about the central phosphorus atom, indicative of a stereochemically active lone pair. Structural, spectroscopic, and computational data suggest that the unusual pyramidal NHP geometry results from two-electron reduction of the phosphenium ligand to generate transition metal complexes in which the Pt or Pd centers have been formally oxidized by two electrons. Interconversion between planar and pyramidal NHP geometries can be affected by either coordination/dissociation of a two-electron donor ligand or two-electron redox processes, strongly supporting an isolobal analogy with the linear (NO(+)) and bent (NO(-)) variations of nitrosyl ligands. In contrast to nitrosyls, however, these new main group noninnocent ligands are sterically and electronically tunable and are amenable to incorporation into chelating ligands, perhaps representing a new strategy for promoting redox transformations at transition metal complexes.