Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation of Microscopic Properties in Diblock Copolymer Films

Mean-square bond length, root-mean-square end-to-end distance and gyration radius in di-block copolymer films have been studied by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. Re-sults show evident linear trends of any property separately with the thickness of film, the interaction between particles of different types, the repulsion between particle and boundary, except for the dependence of the variations of mean-square bond length on the thickness of film, which exhibits as a wave trend. What's more, the varying trends of mean-square bond length and root-mean-square end-to-end distance can correspond to each other. The density distribution of either component in diblock copolymer film can be controlled and adjusted effectively through its interaction with boundary.     

双嵌段共聚物薄膜介观结构的耗散粒子动力学模拟

采用耗散粒子动力学(Dissipative Particle Dynamics, DPD)方法模拟两平行平板间的双嵌段共聚物体系的介观结构. 模拟结果表明, 随板间距的增大, 体系分层数量的增加是不连续的, 在分层数量的增加过程中, 出现不规则结构的过渡区；聚合物链末端距随板间距的增大呈周期性振荡, 振荡幅度逐渐减小. 对模拟结果的分析表明：层状结构转变点与分层数量之间存在近似线性关系；层状结构转变点近似与共聚物链长的2/3次方成正比.     

梳型嵌段共聚物微观相分离的耗散粒子动力学模拟

利用耗散粒子动力学(Dissipative particle dynamics, DPD)模拟方法研究了二维梳型嵌段共聚物的微观相分离, 得到了相形貌与侧链长度及链段间相互作用的依赖关系, 进一步与线型和星型嵌段共聚物微观相分离进行了对比. 模拟结果揭示了本体中影响梳形嵌段共聚物微观相分离的主要因素, 包括嵌段共聚物的组成\, 拓扑结构以及不同粒子间的排斥力.     

Microphase Separation of Star-diblock Copolymer Films: a Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation

The microphase-separating behaviors of two types of star-diblock copolymers (A_x)₄(B_y)₄ and (A_xB_y)₄ in thin films are studied using the simulation technique of dissipative particle dynamics. A variety of ordered mesostructures have been observed and the simulated phase diagrams show obvious symmetries for the (A_x)₄(B_y)₄ films and asymmetries for the (A_xB_y)₄ films, besides, it is easier for the (A_x)₄(B_y)₄ than for the (A_xB_y)₄ to carry out microphase separation under the same conditions, which has been recognized in bulk and can be ascribed to the structural difference between the two types of star copolymers. There are some correspondences between the mesostructures formed in the film and those formed in bulk at the same composition fraction. Decreasing the thickness of film and strengthening the A-B repulsion both help the mesostructures enhance the degree of order. Composition fraction dependences of the mean-square radius of gyration in the two types of star copolymer films are almost contrary, which can be attributed to the differences in their respective structures.These findings can provide a guide to designing novel microstructures involving star-diblock copolymers via geometrical confinement.     

PEO—PPO—PEO三嵌段共聚物自组装行为的耗散粒子动力学模拟

采用耗散粒子动力学方法（DPD）,模拟了聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯（PEO—PPO—PEO）三嵌段共聚物在乙醇溶液中的自组装行为,考察了该共聚物的体积分数和聚氧乙烯（PEO）嵌段链长对介观形貌的影响。当F88（PEO104-PPO39-PEO104）体积分数为20％时,胶柬由初始的均衡分散态逐渐聚合,最终形成PPO为核、PEO为壳的平衡态柱状团聚体。改变共聚物的体积分数和PEO链的长度,会形成不同的介观结构,如：球状、柱状、立体网络、层状和穿孔状结构等。结果表明,DPD方法是研究三嵌段共聚物自组装行为和介观结构形成机理的有效工具,对合成具有特定结构性能的材料有一定的指导意义。     

无规共聚物自组装球形胶束表面亲水性的耗散粒子动力学模拟

建立了含不同亲疏水粒子比的双亲性无规共聚物粗粒化模型. 采用耗散粒子动力学方法模拟了两亲性无规共聚物选择性溶剂自组装球形胶束表面的亲水性能. 模拟结果表明, 无规共聚物在选择性溶剂中自组装得到实心球形胶束, 球形胶束表面的亲水性与聚合物链亲水粒子含量、溶剂的选择性有关. 随着聚合物链所含亲水粒子增加, 球形胶束表面的亲水性增强. 球形胶束表面的亲水性随着疏水粒子与溶剂粒子间的排斥参数增大而增强, 模拟结果与实验结论一致. 该模拟方法给出的胶束微结构信息可以为双亲无规共聚物分子设计及自组装双亲胶束制备提供一定的理论指导.     

剪切场作用下环形二嵌段共聚物微相形态变化的耗散粒子动力学研究

采用耗散粒子动力学(Dissipative particle dynamics, DPD)方法研究了在剪切场作用下, 环形二嵌段共聚物微观相分离过程中的形态变化. 在层状(lamellae, LAM)体系中发生了微相的平行重取向和平行-垂直转变以及剪切导致的波动不稳定现象. 对于穿孔层状(Perforated lamellae, PL)体系, 强剪切导致了穿孔层状-柱状(Hexagonal cylinder, HEX)微相转变. 在剪切场作用下, 柱状体系中同样也有平行重取向发生. 可以用相区破坏-相区重生的两步机理描述微相的平行重取向、平行-垂直转变以及PL-HEX转变现象. 在球状相(Body centered cubic, BCC)体系中发现了剪切诱导相融合.     

遥爪型聚合物交联反应的耗散粒子动力学模拟

利用耗散粒子动力学(Dissipative particle dynamics, DPD)方法研究了稀溶液中遥爪型聚合物的交联反应过程. 考察了体系中交联度、 链长及浓度等因素对反应达到稳态时所形成的网络结构的影响, 并通过计算聚合物交联结合能(U), 统计达到稳态时特征交联结构的数量来判定各因素对体系的作用. 结果表明, 交联度决定体系的微观结构, 而聚合物链长决定交联结构的连通性. 另外, 特征环形结构数与遥爪型聚合物的浓度及链长均存在线性依赖关系.     

梳状-线性共聚物自组装的耗散粒子动力学模拟

梳状-线性共聚物在选择性溶剂中可以自组装形成两种不同类型的聚集体, 其中第I类的自组装发生在亲、疏溶剂链之间, 而第II类发生在线性链和梳状亚结构之间. 本工作利用耗散粒子动力学方法, 分别研究了梳状-线性共聚物在侧链和主链选择性溶剂中形成的这两类聚集体, 探讨了侧链长度和侧链数量等对聚集体类型及形貌的影响. 研究表明, 第II类聚集体在侧链长度较短且侧链数量较多时容易形成. 将模拟结果与文献报道的实验结果相比较, 发现两者能较好地吻合. 此外, 本研究获得了一些在实验中较难得到的信息, 有助于进一步理解梳状-线性共聚物的自组装行为.     

均聚物链吸附在胶束表面上的非平衡态耗散粒子动力学

利用平衡态耗散粒子动力学（Dissipative Particle Dynamics, DPD）方法,研究了嵌段共聚物自组装形成胶束以及均聚物链在其表面的吸附。进一步采用非平衡态耗散粒子动力学（Non-Equilibrium Dissipative Particle Dynamics, NEDPD）方法,通过加入剪切,研究了均聚物的脱落和胶束的分裂过程。模拟结果揭示了脱落时间随剪切速率的变化规律。     

长棒状T形三组分双亲分子相行为的耗散粒子动力学模拟

采用耗散粒子动力学方法建立了以侧链长度和温度为变量的相图,计算了相关结构参数及每个液晶相对应侧链的有效体积分数,重现了实验上观察到的五边形、六边形柱状相及刚棒在层内位置的有序堆垛层状结构.研究发现,长棒状T形三组分双亲分子相图中的相序列和相结构符合相关报道,并且侧链有效体积分数f L与实验值一致.表明粗粒化模型反映了真实T形分子的主要特性,如分子的拓扑结构、排除体积效应及分相趋势、刚棒液晶基元的长径比和侧链的空间效应.证实了侧链尺寸对主/侧链非线性连接体系的自组装结构及各组成单元的位置分布的重要作用.     

多分散性对嵌段共聚物微观相行为影响的耗散粒子动力学模拟研究进展

嵌段共聚物通过微观相分离形成的各种有序结构在纳米印刷、药物输送、太阳能电池模板制备等领域有着广泛的应用.如何实现这些有序结构的有效调控是大家普遍关心的问题.近期的实验及理论研究表明嵌段长度的多分散性对嵌段共聚物的微观相行为有着不可忽视的影响.本文综述了近年来在AB型两嵌段及ABA型三嵌段共聚物的实验及理论研究中的一些主要进展,重点介绍了基于耗散粒子动力学的模拟研究进展.并对多分散性可能带来潜在重要影响的嵌段共聚物相关体系的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

三嵌段共聚物和两嵌段共聚物在水溶液中共混自组装成多室胶束结构的耗散粒子动力学模拟(英文)

利用耗散粒子动力学模拟研究了在水溶液中混合不同的线形三嵌段共聚物AxByCz和线形两嵌段共聚物AmBn对多室胶束的形貌多样性的影响.通过改变线形的三嵌段共聚物和两嵌段共聚物的链长来寻找多室胶束的形成条件.由线形三嵌段共聚物和线形两嵌段共聚物的不同混合形成的多室胶束结构是多种多样的,例如"蠕虫状"胶束、"汉堡包"胶束、"球上球"胶束、"核-壳-壳"胶束等等.多室胶束的整体形貌和内部结构的控制都可以从线形三嵌段共聚物和两嵌段共聚物的二元共混得到.为了表征获得的多室胶束结构,我们计算了密度图和成对分布函数图.在此工作中,可以获得和观察到复杂的多室胶束.结果表明,简单地混合线形的三嵌段共聚物和线形的两嵌段共聚物是一个控制多室胶束形貌和结构的有效方法,在工程实验中可以更简单更经济地形成多室胶束结构.因此,在设计新的多室胶束方面,聚合物共混仍然是未来值得更加关注的一个话题.     

Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulations of Domain Growth and Phase Separation in Binary Immiscible Fluids

It was investigated that the domain growth processes of spinodal decomposition with different quenching depth in two and three dimensional binary immiscible fluids by using parallel dissipative particle dynamics simulations. In two dimensions, the dynamic scaling exponent 1/2 for coalescence and 2/3 for inertial regimes in the shallow quench and strong finite size effects in the cases of deep quenching were obtained. In three dimensions, it was used that the diffusive regime with exponent n=1/3 in the shallow quench and the inertial hydrodynamic regime with n=2/3 for different quenches. The viscous effects are not clearly reflected, showing n=1/2 in both shallow and deep quenches in this time period, due to the soft nature of interaction potential adopted in dissipative particle dynamics.     

链段刚性对非溶剂致相分离成膜过程影响的耗散粒子动力学模拟

通过分子动力学(MD)模拟映射方法构建了符合聚醚砜(PES)刚性结构的耗散粒子动力学(DPD)简谐力场, 并研究了PES链段刚性对PES/N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)/水体系非溶剂致相分离(NIPS)过程的影响. 结果表明, 由于非溶剂和溶剂在两相界面上发生的质量交换, 导致在相界面处PES链段发生堆积, 形成了薄而致密的聚合物表层, 在PES溶液内部, 由于非溶剂的侵入导致体系发生了旋节相分离, 从而在整体上得到了明显的非对称结构; 同时, PES链段刚性的提升能够明显加快体系的相分离速度, 导致相界面处的PES薄层形成得更加快速, 薄层更加致密、 孔径更小, 而对内部的疏松结构影响较小; 此外, 结合不同力场下聚合物浓度对相分离过程的影响可以发现, 不同PES浓度下, 链段刚性的提升对相分离过程的特征和演变趋势没有造成根本性的影响, 与经典的弹簧力场的模拟结果在整体趋势上有相似性. 研究结果表明, 简谐力场能提升PES链段的刚性, 从而能更真实地模拟实际体系的非溶剂相分离法成膜过程.     

耗散粒子动力学及其应用的新进展

耗散粒子动力学(dissipative particle dynamics,DPD),是1992年提出的一种针对于复杂流体的介观模拟方法,凭着相对于其它模拟方法的高计算效率以及能够模拟流体水力学行为的优势,目前已经成为研究复杂流体动力学行为的主要模拟方法之一,同时也是联系微观结构与宏观实验的重要桥梁,在辅助研究复杂流体性质方面起到了重要的作用,本文对这一模拟方法在近几年的发展及其应用做了全面的总结。首先介绍了近年来方法本身的改进和完善,接着详细总结了目前的应用研究热点。作为一种计算机实验工具,这种方法近年来在对复杂流体的研究上进展迅速,既能用于预测平衡过程的结构和性质,又能用于研究非平衡过程的动力学因素。     

淀粉乳液形成过程主要影响因素的耗散粒子动力学模拟与实验

以环己烷为油相、淀粉乳液为水相、Span60和Tween60为乳化剂, 用耗散粒子动力学(DPD)方法研究了淀粉乳液形成过程及油水比、乳化剂用量等因素对淀粉乳液形成的影响. 结果表明, 模拟6000步时, 体系达到平衡状态; 乳滴的粒径随乳化剂含量的增加先减小而后增加, 随淀粉含量的增加而增加, 随环己烷含量的减小而增加; 形成稳定淀粉乳液体系的参数范围: 7＜油水比≤20, 9%＜乳化剂用量≤18%. 实验结果表明, 乳化剂含量为11%～15%时, 微球的粒径随乳化剂含量的增大而减小; 乳化剂含量大于15%时, 微球的粒径反而增大. 实验与模拟的结果吻合.     

Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation of the Sensitive Anchoring Behavior of Smectic Liquid Crystals at Aqueous Phase

Rational design of thermotropic liquid crystal (LC)-based sensors utilizing different mesophases holds great promise to open up novel detection modalities for various chemical and biological applications. In this context, we present a dissipative particle dynamics study to explore the unique anchoring behavior of nematic and smectic LCs at amphiphile-laden aqueous-LC interface. By increasing the surface coverage of amphiphiles, two distinct anchoring sequences, a continuous planar-tilted-homeotropic transition and a discontinuous planar-to-homeotropic transition, can be observed for the nematic and smectic LCs, respectively. More importantly, the latter occurs at a much lower surface coverage of amphiphiles, demonstrating an outstanding sensitivity for the smectic-based sensors. The dynamics of reorientation further reveals that the formation of homeotropic smectic anchoring is mainly governed by the synchronous growth of smectic layers through the LCs, which is significantly different from the mechanism of interface-to-bulk ordering propagation in nematic anchoring. Furthermore, the smectic LCs have also been proven to possess a potential selectivity in response to a subtle change in the chain rigidity of amphiphiles. These simulation findings are promising and would be valuable for the development of novel smectic-based sensors.     

Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulations to Investigate Aggregation of Peptide Amphiphile Nanofibers

Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) method was carried out to investigate the self‐assembly phase behavior of peptide amphiphile (PA) molecules. The simulations showed that these molecules were self‐assembled into three‐dimensional fiber‐like cylindrical aggregates by the assistance of water solvent. The results of DPD simulation are sensitive to various factors including the size of solvent bead, temperature, and the bead ratio of PA to solvent. We found that using 5 to 9 water cluster and solvent bead gives a result of the aggregation of PA molecules into cylindrical fibers. The criteria of forming nanofibers are bead ratios of PA to water larger than 1:6 and temperature above 340 K. The estimated diameter of the cylindrical aggregate agrees well with the experimentally measured value.     

嵌段共聚物组成对薄膜形貌影响的多体耗散粒子动力学研究

利用多体耗散粒子动力学(Multibody Dissipative Particle Dynamics, Multibody DPD)方法研究了在溶剂蒸发条件下, 嵌段共聚物在表面自组装形成薄膜的过程, 分别考虑了两嵌段共聚物和三嵌段共聚物及不同组成对薄膜形貌的影响. 模拟得到了无序状薄膜和层状薄膜, 并计算了这些薄膜的序参量和薄膜厚度随时间的演化. 结果表明, 嵌段共聚物的组成对薄膜厚度几乎没有影响, 当某种组分的链段很短时, 只能形成序参量较小的无序薄膜, 相反, 则可以得到序参量较大的层状薄膜.