柱前衍生高效液相色谱-荧光检测/质谱联用测定沙棘种子中游离脂肪酸

建立了一种利用2-(11-H-苯-a-咔唑)乙基对甲苯磺酸酯(BCETS)作为柱前荧光标记试剂的高灵敏度和高选择性的脂肪酸定量分析方法,并考察了该方法的分析性能。结果表明,方法表现出了较好的重现性和加标回收率,检测限在0.42~1.82ng/mL之间。该方法已被成功的用于青藏高原沙棘种子中脂肪酸含量的分析,结果表明沙棘种子中富含脂肪酸,以不饱和脂肪酸为主,约占总脂肪酸的85.01%。不饱和脂肪酸中,以油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸为主,分别占总脂肪酸的26.01%、30.86%和14.07%。     

快速酯化气相色谱法分析山苍子中的脂肪酸

快速酯化气相色谱法分析山苍子中的脂肪酸许鸿生，周巧龙（湘潭大学化学系湘潭４１１１０５）关键词气相色谱法，山苍子种子油，脂肪酸，快速酯交换山苍子是一种木本油料植物，我国山苍子油资源丰富，为了合理开发利用，本文分析了其脂肪酸成分。有关山苍子种子油脂肪酸成...     

狭果茶蔗种子脂肪酸的分析

用超临界萃取技术对产于青藏高原上的狭果茶蔗种子中脂肪酸进行萃取，其萃取率为12％。用毛细管气相色谱对萃取的脂肪酸进行了分离和分析。结果表明不饱和脂肪酸的质量分数在90％以上。其中α-亚麻酸(α-Linolenic aeia)为27．4％，γ-亚麻酸(γ-Linoleic aeia)为4．93％，亚油酸(Unoleic aeia)为32．61％。     

狭果茶藨种子脂肪酸的分析

用超临界萃取技术对产于青藏高原上的狭果茶种子中脂肪酸进行萃取,其萃取率为12%。用毛细管气相色谱对萃取的脂肪酸进行了分离和分析。结果表明不饱和脂肪酸的质量分数在90%以上。其中α 亚麻酸(α Linolenicae ia)为27.4%,γ 亚麻酸(γ Linoleicaeia)为4.93%,亚油酸(Linoleicaeia)为32 61%。     

榴莲中脂肪酸成分的色谱-质谱分析

报道了用色谱－质谱分析榴莲中的脂肪酸及其含量。结果表明榴莲含有丰富的对人体有益的脂肪酸,是一种具有较高食用价值和药用价值的水果。     

基于近红外技术快速无损分析整粒棉籽中的脂肪酸含量

应用近红外光谱技术可以实现整粒带壳作物种子中脂肪酸含量的快速、无损分析。以385份棉花种子为实验材料,应用线性的偏最小二乘(PLS)和非线性的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)方法,结合蒙特卡罗无信息变量消除法(MC-UVE),构建整粒棉籽中脂肪酸含量的近红外校正模型。结果表明,基于变量选择的LS-SVM模型具有最佳的预测性能,其棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量的近红外校正模型的相关系数R2分别为0.863,0.881,0.843,0.806,0.894和0.917,剩余预测偏差RPD分别为2.669,2.880,2.508,2.202,3.023和3.473。本方法省略了种子的粉碎过程,MC-UVE方法有助于提高校正模型的稳健性和精确度。     

野西瓜种子油中脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用加速溶剂萃取及索氏提取法,用正己烷和乙醚为提取剂从野西瓜种子中提取油脂,经浓H2SO4催化,甲醇甲酯化处理后,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定出野西瓜种子中的脂肪酸主要组成为:油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸等,其中不饱和脂肪酸总量占91.4%,主要成分油酸占73.3%。野西瓜种子油具有较高的营养价值,同时也可为生物柴油提供良好的原料。     

气相色谱法对家兔视网膜脂质中脂肪酸组成和含量的研究

生物膜的功能与生物膜脂质中脂肪酸的组成和含量密切相关。膜脂肪酸组成和含量的改变会导致其功能的变化,并且是产生某些疾病的原因之一。膜脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量增高,使膜的抗氧化能力降低,膜流动性增大。作者用气相色谱法测定了健康家兔视网膜脂质中脂肪酸的组成和含量,并测定了家兔眼球埋铅粒3、5、8周后,其膜脂肪酸组成和含量的变化。此研究对人体眼球受金属铅粒损伤后的治疗将具有重要意义。     

马齿苋及其籽中脂肪酸的比较研究

本实验利用ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析技术对马齿苋全草及其籽中的脂肪酸（以甲酯的形式）进行了分析，共鉴定出８种脂肪酸。全草中以亚麻酸（４７．１６％）、亚油酸（２２．００％）及棕榈酸（１７．４％）为主，籽中以亚油酸（４５．８６％）及亚麻酸（３０．６１％）为主。     

生物柴油树种油脂脂肪酸组成对燃料特性的影响

以目前中国主要开发或具有开发潜能的10种生物柴油树种为研究对象,分析其果实或种子油脂脂肪酸组成对合成生物柴油燃料特性的影响。结果表明,木本植物生物柴油产品十六烷值、碘值、氧化安定性等燃料特性主要由原料油脂肪酸的不饱和度决定,脂肪酸不饱和度低于133.13,十六烷值(GB/T 20828-2007)和碘值(EN 14214)就可以达标。生物柴油产品冷滤点随着长碳链饱和脂肪酸的增加而升高,脂肪酸饱和碳链长度因子分别小于8.41和2.72时,可以满足冷滤点0℃和-10℃的要求。高品质生物柴油的原料中应该具有较高的单元不饱和脂肪酸含量。通过油脂脂肪酸单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的组成绘制出生物柴油特性三角预测图,为预测生物柴油产品燃料特性提供参考依据。     

The influence of sunflower and mustard leaf extracts on the germination of mustard seeds

The extracts from sunflower and mustard leaves were separated using SPE-Columns. The mustard seeds were germinated on water (24 h) and subsequently on crude extracts or separate fractions. The heat production rate was measured by isothermal calorimetry at 21°C and changes in seed cotyledons by FT-Raman spectroscopy. Crude extracts strongly inhibited seed germination. The water and ‘methanol’ fractions of mustard and sunflower extracts have a similar influence on the pattern of heat efflux. FT-Raman spectroscopy showed that extracts caused changes in cotyledons mainly in the content of fatty acids, carotenoids and flavonoids. Isothermal calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy are useful for the study of allelopathic interactions.     

Impact of sunflower and mustard leave extracts on the growth and dark respiration of mustard seedlings

The subject of the study was investigation of impact of extracts from sunflower and mustard leaves on growth of mustard seedlings. Seeds of mustard were germinated on water and then grew on aqueous extracts from sunflower or mustard leaves. The specific thermal power during seedlings growth was measured by isothermal calorimetry. Changes in the chemical composition stimulated by extracts were measured by FT-Raman spectroscopy and analyzed with the support of the cluster analysis. The heat production rate during growth of seedlings was related to the type of extracts. Crude sunflower and mustard extracts strongly inhibited the growth of seedlings when compared to non-treated control. FT-Raman spectroscopy confirms that allelopathic compounds have the greatest influence on the metabolism of fatty acids of mustard cotyledons. The obtained results indicate that sunflower and mustard extracts have varied impact on growth and heat production rate of mustard seedlings.     

Analytical Characterization of Fatty Acids Composition of Datura alba Seed Oil by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids were analyzed for the determination of the constituents of Datura alba seed oil. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer was used for these analyses. Results delivered that there were saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids in Datura alba seed oil. Total of 15 different fatty acid components were identified and quantified. Methyl linoleate was found in highest concentration (16.22%) among the identified analytes of interest. In addition methyl esters of Palmitic acid (6.59%), Oleic acid (5.41%) and Stearic acid (1.35%) were found. Concentrations of rest of the detected fatty acids were less than 1%. From the literature it appears that no such work has been performed for the determination of fatty acids in Datura alba seed oil.     

基于MALDI质谱成像技术分析莲子中代谢物的组织分布

该文建立了一种可对莲子中多种代谢物进行高覆盖分析的基质辅助激光解吸附质谱成像(MALDI-MSI)方法,实现了莲子中生物碱类、黄酮类、氨基酸类、脂肪酸类、有机酸类、胆碱类、磷脂类等多种代谢物的组织原位可视化表征。结果表明,生物碱类代谢物主要分布在莲子胚芽中;黄酮类代谢物主要分布在莲子胚芽和种皮中;氨基酸类代谢物在莲子子叶中的含量显著高于莲子胚中;脂肪酸类代谢物在莲子不同组织中的分布差异很小;胆碱类代谢物在莲子胚芽和莲子子叶底部的含量更高,甘油磷酸胆碱在莲子子叶顶部的含量更高;有机酸类代谢物以及绝大多数磷脂类化合物在莲子子叶中的含量高于莲子胚。该研究为评价莲子药物质量、探究莲子中化合物的时-空代谢网络提供了新的技术支持。     

Compositions of the seed oil of the Borago officinalis from Iran

In order to investigate the composition of borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil, this research was performed under the field conditions at Shahriyar and Garmsar zones, Iran during the 2012 planting year. The oil yield of borage was 31.46% and 33.7% at Shahriyar and Garmsar zone, respectively, and nine and eight fatty acids were identified in the seed oil of borage at Shahriyar and Garmsar, respectively – palmitic, linoleic, stearic and γ-linolenic acids were dominant in the seed oil of borage from both zones. Unsaturated fatty acid content was more than the saturated fatty acids in both zones. The ratio of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in the borage cultivated at Shahriyar and Garmsar zones was 2.13 and 2.29. The fatty acid profile of Garmsar borage, oleic and oleic/linoleic acid ratio, increased. Locations with different ecological conditions resulted in changes in both seed oil content and fatty acid profile of borage.     

Determination of fatty acids in the seeds of Lepidium apetalum Willdenow,Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl,and Draba nemorosa L. by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a charged aerosol detector

Both the contents of fatty acids and the ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids are important parameters for determining the nutritional values of oils. Thus, we herein evaluated the fatty acids present in the seed oils of Lepidium apetalum Willdenow, Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl, and Draba nemorosa L. as sources of Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen seeds in Northeast Asian Countries. We developed a method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography using a charged aerosol detector for the quantitative analysis of fatty acids in the seed oils. This technique is less time-consuming than previous methods as derivatization of the oils is not required. Our method was developed though the comparison of a UV detector with a charged aerosol detector, and various stationary phases and gradient programs were tested. In addition, method validation was carried out according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines with respect to linearity, precision, and accuracy. We found that the quantities of unsaturated fatty acids (6.051–282.376?mg/g) were higher than those of saturated fatty acids (0.855–12.548?mg/g) in all plant seed oils. The proposed method is reproducible and convenient, and therefore, is suitable for the quantitative analysis of fatty acids in plant oils.     

Fatty acid content of three <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cistus</Emphasis> species growing in Turkey

The seed oils of Cistus laurifolius, C. salviifolius, and C. creticus were investigated for their fatty acids by employing capillary GC and capillary GC-MS. The results of this study indicated that palmitic, linoleic, linolenic, oleic, stearic, and behenic acids were found in all of these three seed oils of Turkish origin. In addition, an important polyunsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid, was the major fatty acid in all of these oil samples.Published in Khimiya Prirodnikh Soedinenii in No. 6, pp. 433–434, November–December.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

An investigation of frequently consumed edible oils in Turkey in terms of omega fatty acids

The fatty acid profiles of frequently consumed oils and crops cultivated in Turkey were investigated in regard to omega fatty acids. Analyses were carried out on commercially sold oils, sunflower, olive, and fish oils, and oils extracted from fatty seeds of hazelnut, walnut, olive, sunflower, poppy, sesame, and pumpkin, and butter produced in Turkey. Hazelnut and olive oils were found to be rich in omega-9 (oleic acid 18:1), walnut, poppy seed, sesame, and pumpkin seed were rich in omega-6 (linoleic acid 18:2), and butter was rich in short chain fatty acids and omega-9. Fish oil, from mackerel, was the richest in omega-3 fatty acids and fatty acid diversity. There were some alterations between commercially sold oils and oils extracted from seeds in regard to fatty acid percentages and variety.     

Production of glycerides from glycerol and fatty acids by native lipase ofNigella sativa seed

The possible application of native lipase ofNigella sativa seed in the esterification of fatty acids to glycerol was investigated, and the effect of process parameters and the enzyme selectivity on the reaction were determined. For this aim, the esterification of oleic acid, sunflower oil fatty acids, and coco oil fatty acids with glycerol were studied.     

Chromatographic Analysis for Fatty Acids and Lipid-Soluble Bioactives of Derris indica Crude Seed Oil

A combination of column chromatography (CC), gas chromatography (GC), thin layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography (LC) techniques were performed to analyze lipid classes, fatty acids and fat-soluble bioactives of Derris indica crude seed oil. Hexane extract of Derris indica oilseeds was found to be 56%. Level of neutral lipids in the crude seed oil was the highest, followed by glycolipids and phospholipids, respectively. Linoleic followed by α-linolenic, palmitic and oleic were the major fatty acids in the crude seed oil. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was higher in neutral lipid classes than in the polar lipid fractions. The oil was characterized by a relatively high amount of phytosterols, wherein the sterol markers were β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol. γ-Tocopherol was the major tocopherol while the rest being α-tocopherol. In consideration of potential utilization, detailed knowledge on the composition of Derris indica oil is of major importance.