溶剂分子性质与界面内层微分电容变化特性

依照前文[1]设立的偶极取向分布模型，利用模拟的C1（σ）假想曲线阐析溶剂分子性质对电极／溶液界面内层微分电容的影响趋向，理想的C1（σ）拟合曲线表现出单峰或双峰的两种基本式样，而溶剂分子的极化，各态偶极取向能的差别以及偶极间的相互作用均将导致C1（σ）曲线明显形变．据此，可从分子的性质预测各类电极／溶液界面体系C1（σ）曲线变化特性.     

贮氢合金表面处理改善Ni/MH电池1C充放电性能

研究了贮氨合金两种表面化学处理方法对MH电极活化性能及Ni／MH电池IC充放电性能的影响：第一种处理方法是贮氢合金在6th。l·L－’KOH溶液中80T处理sh，第二种处理方法是在含有0．04mol·L－‘KBH4的6mol·L’‘KOH溶液中80t处理sh．通过MH电极的放电容量、充放电过程中电极极化和电化学阻抗谱测试评价了上述化学处理对电极活化性能的影响．电子探针表面分析表明化学处理后贮氢合金表面由于铝元素的优先溶解形成一层具有较高电催化活性的富镍表面层，它是改善电极活化性能的主要原因·以处理的贮氨合金为负极材料的Ni／MH电池具有较高IC充放电循环寿命和1．ZV以上放电容量．     

La0.8Sr0.2MnO3/YSZ电极氧电化学还原反应动力学

用线性极化、循环伏安、电位阶跃等方法详细研究了Ｌａ０．８Ｓｒ０．２ＭｎＯ３／ＹＳＺ高温电极上进行的氧化学还原反应。实验结果表明，该反应存在两条路径：低温下氧还原反应主要发生在气相－ＬＳＭ电极－ＹＳＺ电解质接触的三相界面（ＴＰＢ），速度控制步骤为氧原子在ＬＳＭ表面的浓差扩散，高温下由于氧空位在ＬＳＭ表面的形成，氧还原反应区扩展至ＬＳＭ电极表面，速度控制步骤为氧的电荷转移反应，实验同时发现：氧空位的形     

钢筋在再碱化过程中的电化学行为研究

采用循环伏安方法研究了钢筋在两种常用电解液中再碱化过程中的电化学反应.考察了钢筋在两种不同溶液中的电极反应,分析了Li＋离子和Ca2＋离子对电极反应的影响.并针对上述过程,实验研究了钢筋电极在两种溶液中电极反应动力学.结果表明：由于Li＋离子的存在,使得钢筋表面的单质铁与不同价态的铁氧化物或氢化合物之间的转化过程与饱和...     

镍纳米线电极的交流阻抗研究

用交流阻抗法研究了一种新型电极－镍纳米线电极在碱性溶液中的电化学行为,给出了相应的等效电路和拟合效果。实验结果表明,外加电位对电极表面化学反应速度和类型有显著影响。在外加电位不高时,Ni（Ⅱ）氧化成Ni(Ⅲ)的电化学过程随着电位的升高而明显加速;当外加电位高于0．40V以后,电极表面同时发生电化学析氧反应。相同条件下,镍纳米线电极的表面电化学反应速度远远高于镍块体电极。     

双酚A在硼掺杂金刚石薄膜电极上的电化学行为研究

硼掺杂金刚石(BDD)薄膜电极是用于废水处理的理想电极材料。利用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱研究了环境激素双酚A(BPA)在BDD电极上的电化学行为,分析在电极/溶液界面上的电化学过程及相关的电极动力学参数。研究发现BPA在电极上的直接电化学氧化过程为不可逆过程,氧化峰电势在1.4 V左右。电极/溶液界面的双电层结构可以用一个电容与一个电阻并联的等效电路来进行拟合,当极化电位从0.5 V增加至2.0 V时,电荷转移电阻Rct由7.043×104Ω·cm2降至1.366×103Ω·cm2,下降了80.60%,表明提高电极电位可明显降低电催化反应的电阻,有利于电催化氧化反应的进行,可提高电催化反应速率。     

苯封四聚苯胺/TiO2/ITO薄膜电极光致界面电荷转移

采用水解胶溶法和旋转涂膜法分别制备出TiO2纳米粒子溶胶和TiO2／ITO薄膜,采用浸泡法制备出苯封四聚苯胺（聚苯胺）／TiO2／ITO薄膜电极．利用表面光电压谱、光致循环伏安和光电流作用谱测定了TiO2的禁带宽度和表面态能级、聚苯胺的HOMO-LUMO能级宽度和双极化子能级,确定了聚苯胺／TiO2／ITO薄膜电极能带结构,进一步分析了聚苯胺／TiO2／ITO薄膜电极的光电转换特性及光致界面电荷转移的机理。     

甲壳素修饰碳糊电极测定痕量铜

报道了采用甲壳素修饰碳糊电极测定痕量铜的方法。通过开路富集，Ｃｕ６２＋和甲壳素形成络合物富集于电极表面，然后经介质交换，电位还原再进行阳熔出伏安测定。在浓度为３．０×１０＾－９－９．０×１２０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内，峰电流与痕量铜浓度呈线性关系，检测限为１．０×１０＾－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。同时，对电极反应的机理进行了讨论。     

锂离子电池电极界面特性研究方法

电极界面特性是影响锂离子电池充放电循环容量与稳定性的重要因素.本文总结了目前对电极界面特性进行研究的方法,主要包括传统的电化学方法、显微方法、谱学方法、电化学石英微晶天平等,重点论述了上述研究方法的原理、优缺点和在研究电极界面特性中的应用,以及这些方法相结合所取得的一些研究进展,并指出在今后的工作中,无论是对新材料的研...     

纳米级金膜微电极的制作,表征及异相催化反应

报道了纳米级金膜微电极的制作方法，用ＸＰＳ及ＳＥＭ对电极表面进行了表征，考察了该电极的循环伏安及计时电流特性，在聚吡咯修饰微带金电极上成功地实现了葡萄糖氧化酶和电子传递媒体Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６＾３－的同时固定，并研究了ＧＯＤ／Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６＾３－／ＰＰｙ微酶电极对葡萄糖的响应，稳态响应电流与葡萄糖浓度之间存在Ｍｉｃｈｅａｌｉｓ－Ｍｅｎｔｅｎ动力学特征。     

纳米尺度TiO2聚苯胺多孔膜电极光电化学研究

用光电流作用谱，光电流－电势图等光电化学方法研究了ＴｉＯ２／聚本胺复合多孔膜电极在不含氧化还原和含有没氧化还原对体系中的光电转换过程。结果说明，ＴｉＯ２／聚苯胺复合多孔膜电极为双层ｍ－型半导体结构，ＴｉＯ２多孔膜的禁带宽度为３．２ｅＶ，外层聚苯胺膜的禁带宽度为２．８８ｅＶ。     

Influence of the semiconducting properties of a current collector on the electric double layer formation on porous carbon

The electrochemical behavior of polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon cloth combined with a stainless steel current collector was examined using ac impedance spectroscopy. H(2)SO(4), KOH, and KNO(3) were employed as the electrolytes. The data presented in the impedance complex plane exhibit a semicircle at high frequencies followed by a vertical line at low frequencies. The high frequency data were found to be characteristic of the space charge region of the semiconducting oxide layer on the stainless steel, while the low frequency data depicted the double layer formation on the porous carbon. The double layer capacitance was found to decrease with the space charge resistance, which was potential dependent and a major contribution to the overall resistance of the carbon/stainless steel electrode. The electrolyte type affected the potential window employed in energy storage and thus the semiconducting behavior of the oxide layer. Both the n- and p-type semiconductors in depletion condition appeared within the potential window applied for the H(2)SO(4) electrolyte, and this caused the presence of a peak capacitance. Only the n-type depletion condition was found in the KNO(3) and KOH electrolytes with the p-type oxide situated in accumulation at the potentials applied, and thus, the capacitance was larger at more negative potentials.     

Electrochemical polymerisation of 2-aminofluorene in ethylalcohol/water medium

Electrochemical polymerisation of 2-aminofluorene, 2AF, was investigated in ethylalcohol/water mixture (3:2, v:v) in the presence of HClO₄ as the supporting electrolyte via constant potential electrolysis, CPE. Prior to CPE, electrochemical behaviour of the monomer was investigated in the same solvent-electrolyte couple utilising cyclic voltammetry, CV. Electrochemical polymerisation of the monomer yielded insoluble, dark bluish-green, conducting polymer deposit on the electrode surface. Characterisation of the polymer film has been carried out using FT-IR spectroscopic technique and thermal behaviour was studied using differential scanning calorimetry, DSC. Spectroelectrochemical, SPEL, behaviour of the polymer on ITO working electrode was studied by recording the electronic absorption spectra, in situ, in monomer-free solution at different potentials and it is found that the film can be reversibly cycled between −0.1 and 1.1 V vs SCE. Paramagnetic behaviour of the polymer was monitored using in situ ESR spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of conductivity supported the Mott's variable range hopping, VRH, mechanism for poly(aminofluorene), PAF.     

纳米尺度TiO2微粒多孔膜电极光电化学

用光电流作用谱、光电流-电势图和瞬态光电流谱等光电化学方法研究了TiO2多孔膜电极在含不同氧化还原体系的电解质溶液中的光电转换过程.结果说明TiO2多孔股为n-型半导体，其禁带宽度为3.26eV.当在电解质溶液中加入醌二苯酸（BQ／HQ），TiO2多孔膜电极的光电流作用谱形基本与没加氧化还原对时类似。在可见光区的光电流拖尾是由于醌被光激发，然后给出电子到TiO2多孔膜导带而产生阳极光电流.而在电解质溶液中加入Fe（CN）3-6-／4-时，TiO2多孔膜电极的光电流作用谱有明显的改变.除了在小于380nm短波区有光电流峰外，还在400-600nm的可见光区观察到宽的光电流峰，大大增加了光电流转换效率.同时在小于-0.2V下为阳极光电流，在-0.2V～0.3V电势区间为明显阴极光电流，在大于0.3V下可观察到较弱的阳极光电流.当电极电势大于-0.2V时，光电流瞬态谱在开始光照时有一阴极瞬态光电流尖峰，然后转变为阳极稳态光电流.这是因为当电极电势较负时，Fe（CN）4-6与TiO2的电子传递络合物可以吸收光子，光生电子迅速注入TiO2导带，然后还原溶液中的而产生阴极光电流.     

Preparation and characterization of a new carbon paste electrode based on ketotifen–hexacyanoferrate

A new type of carbon paste electrode (CPE) was made using ketotifen fumarate (C₂₃H₂₃NO₅S; an antiasthmatic/antianaphylactic drug) and hexacyanoferrate. This electrode was constructed using an acidic solution of ketotifen fumarate and potassium hexacyanoferrate. For this purpose, ketotifen fumarate was dissolved in acidic solution (pH 1) and hexacyanoferrate was added by agitation, resulting in ketotifen–hexacyanoferrate (Ket–HCF) precipitate. The obtained precipitate was separated and introduced into carbon paste. The electrochemical behavior of Ket–HCF CPE was studied by cyclic voltammetry. A modified electrode shows one pair of peaks with surface-confined characteristics, with a 0.1-M phosphate buffer as supporting electrolyte. The effects of pH, alkali metal cations, and anions of supporting electrolytes on the electrochemical characteristics of modified electrodes were studied. The diffusion coefficients of hydrated K⁺ in film (D), the transfer coefficient (α), and the transfer rate constant for electrons (k _s) were determined.     

基于铝离子掺杂二氧化钛薄膜的染料敏化太阳能电池的光电性能

采用水热法制备出Al3+掺杂二氧化钛薄膜,通过玻璃棒涂于导电玻璃上,在450°C的温度下烧结并将其用N3染料敏化制成染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs).通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及DSSCs测试系统对其进行了测试表征,研究了Al3+掺杂对TiO2晶型及染料敏化太阳能电池的光电性能影响.XPS数据显示Al3+成功掺杂到了TiO2晶格内,由于Al3+的存在,对半导体内电子和空穴的捕获及阻止电子/空穴对的复合发挥重要作用.莫特-肖特基曲线显示掺杂Al3+后二氧化钛平带电位发生正移,并导致电子从染料注入到TiO2的驱动力提高.DSSCs系统测试结果表明,Al3+掺杂的TiO2薄膜光电效率达到6.48%,相对于无掺杂的纯二氧化钛薄膜光电效率(5.58%),其光电效率提高了16.1%,短路光电流密度从16.5mA·cm-2提高到18.2mA·cm-2.     

Cation effects on the vibrational frequencies of adsorbed thiocyanate on platinum

Infrared spectra of thiocyanate adsorbed on a platinum electrode surface were obtained in the presence of perchlorate electrolytes of various alkali metal cations. It was discovered that the vibrational frequency of the C-N stretching mode is dependent upon the nature of the supporting electrolyte cation. Two bands were observed in the 2050 to 2150 cm⁻¹ range; one band was attributed to nitrogen-bound thiocyanate, and the other to species adsorbed via the sulfur atom. Each of these bands demonstrated independent frequency dependencies on cation nature and on the applied electric field within the interfacial region. Differences were also observed in the intensity dependence of the bands on the applied potential. The results were explained in terms of changes in the distance between the outer Helmholtz plane (OHP) and the surface of the electrode, and also in terms of the possible influence of coadsorbed alkali metal cations on the vibrational frequency of thiocyanate species adsorbed through the nitrogen atom. The effects that variations in the OHP-electrode distance impart on the magnitude of the potential drop across the interface, and the influence of small changes in this potential field on the C-N stretching frequency of N- and S-adsorbed thiocyanate species, are discussed.     

塑料瓶中双酚A的电化学测定方法研究

制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极（MWCNTs／CPE）,用循环伏安法（CV）和差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）研究了环境激素双酚A在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极对双酚A有明显的电催化作用,在pH7．0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液（PBS）中,双酚A在0．504V处有1个明显的氧化峰。实验考察了底液的pH值、扫描速度、富集时间等因素的影响。在优化的条件下,双酚A的示差脉冲峰电流与其浓度在5．0×10^7-2．0×10^-5范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=0．99545）,检出限为1．0×10^-7mol／L（S／N=3）。该法用于实际样品中双酚A含量的测定,回收率为104．4％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3．9％（n=6）。     

Quantification of the effect of 4-tert-butylpyridine addition to I-/I3- redox electrolytes in dye-sensitized nanostructured TiO2 solar cells

Addition of 4-tert-butylpyridine (4TBP) to redox electrolytes used in dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells has a large effect on their performance. In an electrolyte containing 0.7 M LiI and 0.05 M I2 in 3-methoxypropionitrile, addition of 0.5 M 4TBP gave an increase of the open-circuit potential of 260 mV. Using charge extraction and electron lifetime measurements, this increases could be attributed to a shift of the TiO2 band edge toward negative potentials (responsible for 60% of the voltage increase) and to an increase of the electron lifetime (40%). At a lower 4TBP concentration the shift of the band edge was similar, but the effect on the electron lifetime was less pronounced. The working mechanism of 4TBP can be summarized as follows: (1) 4TBP affects the surface charge of TiO2 by decreasing the amount of adsorbed protons and/or Li+ ions. (2) It decreases the recombination of electrons in TiO2 with triiodide in the electrolyte by preventing triiodide access to the TiO2 surface and/or by complexation with iodine in the electrolyte.     

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis of dye-sensitized solar cells

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been performed to investigate electronic and ionic processes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC). A theoretical model has been elaborated, to interpret the frequency response of the device. The high-frequency feature is attributed to the charge transfer at the counter electrode while the response in the intermediate-frequency region is associated with the electron transport in the mesoscopic TiO2 film and the back reaction at the TiO2/electrolyte interface. The low-frequency region reflects the diffusion in the electrolyte. Using an appropriate equivalent circuit, the electron transport rate and electron lifetime in the mesoscopic film have been derived, which agree with the values derived from transient photocurrent and photovoltage measurements. The EIS measurements show that DSC performance variations under prolonged thermal aging result mainly from the decrease in the lifetime of the conduction band electron in the TiO2 film.