Prestress Losses in the Stabilizing Cables of a Composite Saddle-Shaped Cable Roof

The paper deals with a square composite saddle-shaped cable roof 30 × 30 m in the plan, which is formed by two orthogonal cable groups joined with a compliant support contour. The kinematic invariability of the roof is achieved by prestressing the cable net. From the viewpoint of material consumption, the cable roof has rational geometrical characteristics. A hybrid composite cable on the basis of CFRP, GFRP, and steel is considered as a material for contour cables. The load-carrying and the stabilizing cables are made of steel. Prestress losses in the stabilizing cables are determined for three variants of prestressing. The possibility of reducing the consumption of cable materials by prestressing each cable of the net by an individual force is revealed.     

Utilization of Composite Materials in Saddle-Shaped Cable Roofs

A saddle-shaped cable roof formed by two orthogonal groups of cables joined with a compliant support contour is considered. The kinematic invariability of the roof obtained by prestabilizing the cables makes it possible to avoid heavy slabs of reinforced concrete in the construction of roofs and to use light composite materials. The main geometric characteristics for a cable roof with CFRP load-carrying and contour cables and steel stabilizing cables are determined by a numerical experiment.     

Formation of Saddle-Shaped Composite Sheets

Based on the deformation model of an unbalanced multilayer composite, changes in bending curvatures of sheet-type composites with nonsymmetric structure relative to the midplane of the sheet, depending on the moisture of layers, are predicted. The bending curvatures of saddle-shaped sheets of wood-based composites are calculated with regard to the physical and mechanical properties, geometrical dimensions, orientation, and distribution of layers. The analytical results are compared with the bending curvatures found experimentally for a four-layered unbalanced composite made of birch veneer. The applied calculation model enables us to determine the values of bending curvatures of saddle-shaped wood composite sheets, which can be used in elaborating the technological recommendations.     

复合材料层合板三维线性理论的完整性

本文针对文献[1]所述复合材料层合板三维模型,在三维线性弹性理论基本方程和经典变分原理的基础上,通过分块矩阵运算和线性Lagrange乘子法,推导出比文献[1]更全面更系统的基本方程和变分原理,使复合材料层合板三维线性理论臻于完整。     

Account of the Cross-Sectional Deplanation of a Composite Bar in Determining the Critical Force

A method for determining the critical force for an axially compressed composite bar with account of deplanation of its cross sections is considered. It is proposed to consider the cross-sectional deplanation, which decreases the critical force, by lowering the basic flexural stiffness of the bar by the value resulting from this effect. General relationships for calculating this value for composite bars are obtained. Numerical results are presented, which show the decrease in the critical force as a function of some parameters for transversely isotropic bars of rectangular cross section.     

S-Continued Fraction Method for the Investigation of a Complex Dielectric Constant of Two-Components Composite

The aim of this contribution is to examine the S-continued fraction method of obtaining bounds on the effective dielectric constant _e of a two-phase composite for the case where the dielectric coefficients ₁and ₂ of both components are either complex or real. The starting point for our study is a power expansion of _e (z) at(z)=0 (z)=₂/₁-1. The obtained S-continued fraction bounds have an interesting mathematical structure convenient for theoretical and numerical investigations of _e. They also agree with the earlier estimations reported by Bergman and Milton. Specific examples of calculation of bounds on _e by theS-continued fraction method are also provided.     

Composite penalty method of a low order anisotropic nonconforming finite element for the Stokes problem

Composite penalty method of a low order anisotropic nonconforming quadrilateral finite element for the Stokes problem is presented. This method with a large penalty parameter can achieve the same accuracy as the stand method with a small penalty parameter and the convergence rate of this method is two times as that of the standard method under the condition of the same order penalty parameter. The superconvergence for velocity is established as well. The results of this paper are also valid to the most of the known nonconforming finite element methods.     

Influence of the Interaction between Two Neighboring Periodically Curved Fibers on the Stress Distribution in a Composite Material

A method is developed for a stress analysis in an infinite elastic body containing two neighboring periodically cophasaly curved fibers located along two parallel lines. The stress distribution is studied when the body is loaded at infinity by uniformly distributed normal forces in the fiber direction. The investigation is carried out within the framework of a piecewise homogeneous body model with the use of exact three-dimensional equations of elasticity theory. Numerical results related to the stress distribution considered and the influence of interaction between the fibers on this distribution are given.     

复合油藏球向渗流问题的解的相似结构

针对复合油藏,建立其球向不稳定渗流的试井分析模型;利用Laplace变换,解得在变流率生产情形下的储集层压力和井底压力的Laplace空间解;根据微分方程解的相似结构理论,得到在3种外边界条件下内外区的储集层压力的Laplace空间解的相似结构.解的相似结构的获得有利于进一步分析解的内在规律;便于在相应的实际问题中分析参数对于解的影响.     

Bending of a Composite Material Strip with Curved Structure in the Geometrically Nonlinear Statement

To date, bending problems for strips or plates made of composite materials with curved structure have been investigated only in the linear statement. However, in many cases, the necessity arises to investigate the corresponding bending problems in the geometrically nonlinear statement. Therefore, in the present paper, some bending problems for a composite strip with a periodically curved structure is investigated in such a statement using the exact nonlinear equations of elasticity theory in Lagrangian coordinates. The numerical results are obtained by employing the FEM with the use of the Newton-Raphson and the Modified Newton-Raphson algorithms.     

FEM Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Buckling Problem for a Clamped Thick Rectangular Plate Made of a Viscoelastic Composite

The buckling instability of a thick rectangular plate made of a viscoelastic composite material is studied. The investigation is carried out within the framework of the three-dimensional linearized theory of stability. The plate edges are clamped and the plate is compressed through the clamps. Moreover, it is assumed that the plate has an initial infinitesimal imperfection, and, as a buckling criterion, the state is taken where this imperfection starts to increase indefinitely at fixed finite values of external compressive forces. From this criterion, the critical time is determined. The corresponding boundary-value problems are solved by employing the three-dimensional FEM and the Laplace transform. The material of the plate is assumed orthotropic, viscoelastic, and homogeneous. Numerical results related to the critical time are presented.     

Dynamic Reaction of a Composite Anisotropic Space with Tunnel Holes to the Action of Concentrated Shear Forces

An antiplane stationary dynamic problem of elasticity theory for a two-component anisotropic (orthotropic) space is considered, where one component of the pair is weakened by tunnel holes of arbitrary cross section. The space is subjected to the action of time-dependent harmonic shear forces concentrated along some line and shear stresses applied to the surfaces of the holes. To solve the problem, the fundamental solution for a composite space without holes is preliminarily constructed. Using integral representations for displacements in the composite space with holes, the boundary problem of elasticity theory is reduced to an integral equation of second kind, which is solved numerically by the method of quadratures.     

The Effect of Structural Curvings on the Stress Distribution in a Rigidly Fixed Composite Plate under Forced Vibration

Based on the exact three-dimensional equations of continuum mechanics and the Akbarov-Guz' continuum theory, the problem on forced vibrations of a rectangular plate made of a composite material with a periodically curved structure is formulated. The plate is rigidly fixed along the Ox ₁ axis. Using the semi-analytic method of finite elements, a numerical procedure is elaborated for investigating this problem. The numerical results on the effect of structural curvings on the stress distribution in the plate under forced vibrations are analyzed. It is shown that the disturbances of the stress ₂₂ in a hinge-supported plate are greater than in a rigidly fixed one. Also, it is found that the structural curvings considerably affect the stress distribution in plates both under static and dynamic loading.     

The Igusa Zeta Function Associated with a Composite Power Function on the Space of Rectangular Matrices

On the space of real rectangular n × m matrices, we introduce a composite power function and study the zeta integral associated with it. We describe the properties of the Igusa zeta function on the basis of the properties of a generalized composite power function and establish a functional relation for the zeta integral. As a result, the Fourier transform of a generalized composite power function is found in explicit form.     

Influence of Moisture on the Structure and Properties of the Interphase Layer of a Composite Based on an Epoxy Binder with a Disperse Filler

Properties of a model composite based on an ED-22 epoxy binder, cured with polyprophylene polyamine, and disperse LiF crystals as a filler were investigated by the methods of dilatometry and X-ray diffractometry. It was established that the density of cross-links of the epoxy binder in the interphase layer was lower than in a block specimen. Therefore, the thermal expansion of the composite on heating to 120°C, in terms of that of the binder, grew significantly with the degree of filling ϕ, and the water uptake also increased at the initial stage. The presence of absorbed water led to considerable changes in the structure and properties of the composite interphase: the binder became more cross-linked, its structural ordering decreased, the thermal expansion at heating diminished by a factor of 3. 7 (at ϕ = 50%), and the glass-transition temperature increased. As a result of long-term action of moisture, changes in the internal stresses had an extreme character.__________Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 535–544, July–August, 2005.