皮肤组织可见与近红外Mie散射光学特性分析

依据Mie单次散射理论, 并考虑到皮肤组织复折射率实部的色散, 分析了在可见与近红外波段皮肤组织对光的吸收、散射及散射的方向特性。研究表明, 散射系数和吸收系数均随皮肤组织中散射粒子半径的增加而增加, 而且, 对于大粒子, 在某一波长处表现出强烈的散射和吸收特性。当粒子半径大于临界半径时, 散射系数呈现振荡特性, 随着折射率虚部的增加, 振幅减小。皮肤组织呈现前向散射特性, 且散射粒子的半径越大, 前向散射特性越明显。     

Longitudinal Optical Fields in Light Scattering from Dielectric Spheres and Anderson Localization of Light

Recent research has shown that coupling between point scatterers in a disordered medium by longitudinal electromagnetic fields is harmful for Anderson localization of light. However, it has been unclear if this feature is generic or specific for point scatterers. The present work demonstrates that the intensity of longitudinal field outside a spherical dielectric scatterer illuminated by monochromatic light exhibits a complicated, nonmonotonous dependence on the scatterer size. Moreover, the intensity is reduced for a hollow sphere, whereas one can adjust the parameters of a coated sphere to obtain a relatively low longitudinal field together with a strong resonant scattering efficiency. Therefore, random arrangements of structured (hollow or coated) spheres may be promising three‐dimensional disordered materials for reaching Anderson localization of light.     

介质球掺杂导致的无序效应对光子晶体光学性能的影响

采用自组装法制备了聚苯乙烯(PS)微球三维光子晶体结构,通过在PS微球悬浮液中掺入不同浓度的二氧化硅大球,实现了光子晶体结构从有序向无序过程的转变。通过对这些样品的透射、反射进行测量和分析,发现无序效应对光子晶体的光子响应特性具有极大的影响,随着无序程度的增加,高频波段的透射率急剧下降,低频波段的法布里-珀罗振荡消失,光子带隙蓝移且逐渐消失;而在掺杂浓度为0.02%(质量分数)时,光子晶体带隙中心的最低透射率从10%下降到1%,且反射单峰随着探测角度的增大而分裂为双峰。这有助于基于介质球三维光子晶体沿Γ-L方向透射消光,促进其在新型光学器件领域的应用发展。     

CdS,ZnS毫微晶的光学吸收与尺寸效应

本文用高阶Mie散射理论研究了CdS、ZnS毫微晶的吸收(消光)光谱及其随微晶尺寸的变化,提出了在CdS、ZnS毫微晶半径大于～10nm时,吸收峰及吸收边的蓝移主要由经典尺寸效应所引起;在毫微晶半径小于～10nm时,吸收的蓝移主要是量子尺寸效应的贡献.     

吸收介质中微椭球体颗粒光学参数的研究

本文应用Eikonal近似将微椭球用其等效的球来近似, 结合Mie理论对吸收介质中微椭球体颗粒光学参数进行了数值计算。 结果表明, 椭球位置变化时, 散射和吸收性能发生变化。离心率增大时, 散射和吸收系数都增大, 离心率越大增大的越明显。波长增大时, 在紫光波长为0.4 μm和近红外区波长为1.58 μm处散射系数出现了峰值, 而吸收系数单调增大。相对折射率实部以及虚部变化对光学参数均有影响, 颗粒的吸收性越强, 散射相应地减弱。结果表明这种数值解析方法能有效地计算椭球体颗粒的光学参数。     

类Opal光子晶体红外区安德森定域化理论研究

本文根据Mie散射理论和低浓度近似下,对在中红外区高折射率半导体材料AlP等做为散射体的类Opal光子晶体的安德森定域化进行了理论研究,发现在浓度为10%,折射率比值大于3.8,无吸收状态下,此类晶体将出现两个定域化区.同时为此类晶体的定域化研究提供了一个比较理想的处理方法.     

掺铒钙铝硅玻璃的光学带隙

玻璃中稀土掺杂的离子的光谱性质受其周围的玻璃结构和在玻璃基质中的分布影响很大。利用熔融法制备了组分为9S iO2.26A l2O3.65CaO.1.0Er2O3.0.3Yb2O3和分别加入MgO以及La2O3的掺铒钙铝硅玻璃,并研究了其吸收边和光学带隙。计算得出离子填充比随玻璃的平均摩尔质量的增大而减小,同时利用Judd-O felt模型计算出该玻璃体系的Ω2,Ω4和Ω6参数,并进行了分析。随着MgO或La2O3的加入,吸收边向短波长移动,光学带隙增大,同时Ω2和Ω6值也增大。对ln(α)和ω的曲线进行线性拟合可以计算Urbach能量,其值与光学带隙的变化趋势一致。     

红外波段十字阵列光吸收材料光学特性研究

尺寸为光波长量级的微纳结构材料与电磁波的相互作用,使得其具有许多特殊的光学性能,金属-电介质-金属微纳结构具有电磁波完美吸收特性。基于S参数法,研究十字阵列光吸收材料在红外波段的光学特性参数,分析其谐振吸收机理及光学特性参数调谐性。研究结果表明,十字阵列单元尺寸对其等效光学参数具有调谐作用;当材料表面与入射介质之间满足阻抗匹配条件,以及等效折射率系数虚部值足够大时,可以有效提高其吸收率;经过结构优化的十字阵列光吸收材料在红外波段具有大于95%的吸收率,实验样件测试结果大于80%。十字结构臂长和电介质层厚度决定吸收谱特性,而十字结构臂宽仅仅影响吸收谱峰值大小。十字阵列光吸收材料在红外波段的完美吸收及光谱调谐性特点,使其可用于红外探测和光谱成像等领域。     

Tunable Optical Hooks in the Visible Band Based on Ultra-Thin Metalenses

Optical hook, a kind of curved high-intensity light beam, has aroused tremendous interests during the past several years, and its experimental observation has been reported in the terahertz band. The existing approaches to generate such beams depend on the effect of “curved photonic nanojet” stemming from transparent and symmetry breaking high-index dielectric slab, and thus are restricted by the limited material selection, large device footprint, and fixed trajectory. Herein, the generation of photonic hooks in the visible band based on ultra-thin metalenses is reported. The strategy can overcome the limitations mentioned above and the photonic hook can be easily tuned by changing the incidence angle or wavelength. Such flexibility is likely to widen the future applications of such unique beam in particle trapping, optical tweezers, and superresolution imaging.     

即时/准即时u-v覆盖的光学综合孔径成像分析

介绍了即时/准即时u-v覆盖的光学综合孔径成像技术实时/准实时观测的优点,并以LBT为实例进行了成像分析.对LBT采用快速傅里叶变换、卷积与反卷积算法获得系统的点扩展函数(PSF)与光学传递函数(OTF);探讨了全局传递函数及其对成像效果的影响,说明了即时/准即时u-v覆盖成像特性;用实验仿真的方法验证了全局传递函数在满足准即时u-v覆盖成像的要求情况下能够对天体目标进行较好的图像恢复.     

温度变化环境中Au纳米球光学性质的研究

理论分析了贵金属纳米颗粒介电函数的尺寸及温度修正,考虑环境介质折射率的色散及随温度变化关系,计算了温度变化环境中Au纳米球的光学性质.结果表明,体相和纳米Au金属介电函数实部均随着温度升高而增大,而体相材料和纳米Au介电函数虚部表现出不同的温度特性;对于纳米球的光吸收效率,温度升高,纳米球的吸收峰峰值增大;对10~100nm的Au纳米球吸收效率的温度灵敏度分析表明,Au纳米球的光吸收效率温度灵敏度随粒径增大而减小.     

掺杂光子晶体光纤自发辐射与掺杂激活杂质的光增益透射谱研究

借助光子晶体中二能级原子的自发辐射理论证明缺陷态的局域场存在的必然性以及局域场基本性质,为研究光子晶体光纤掺杂自发辐射的内在规律提供了理论依据。且将自发辐射理论与数值模拟相结合,在缺陷介质中掺激活杂质时,研究了光子晶体光纤的掺杂局域场特征以及受激辐射增强和透射率大于1现象与光子带隙群速度异常和掺杂层复有效折射率成负的虚部之间的内在关系。由此说明光子晶体光纤的缺陷介质中掺入激活杂质时,光子禁带中能出现品质因子非常高的杂质态,具有很大的态密度,较强的受激辐射放大。     

光子晶体特性在EIT介质中的实验实现

基于原子相干效应,研究了在驻波场作用下原子介质的吸收和折射率的周期性调制所产生的周期性微结构特性及其操控。实验结果表明,在驻波场作用下原子介质存在与光子晶体同样的光子带隙特性,而且可通过调节形成驻波的两束光的频率差实现对其光子带隙位置的操控,实现了光子带隙20MHz的频率移动。     

Giant Enhancement and Sign Inversion of Optical Kerr Nonlinearity in Random High Index Nanocomposites near Mie Resonances

High-index dielectric nanoantennas excited at Mie-type resonances have exhibited enormous enhancement of optical nonlinearity. Such nanostructures have been actively studied by researchers in recent years. Here, a numerical analysis study of the optical Kerr effect of nanocomposites consisting of high refractive index (GaP) spheres at the wavelength of 532 nm is presented. This is done by means of 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations. The effective nonlinear refractive index of 0.8 µm thick nanocomposites and metasurfaces is evaluated. It is shown that the optical Kerr nonlinearity of the nanocomposites rises by orders in proximity to Mie resonances and may exceed the second-order refractive index of the bulk material. It is revealed that the sign of the effective optical Kerr coefficient is inverted near the Mie resonances. This effect may be of interest in developing nonlinear optical metadevices.     

用两端对称缺陷复合光子晶体实现多通道滤波和光开关

用传输矩阵法计算了两端对称缺陷复合光子晶体结构的光传输特性。计算结果表明:两端对称缺陷复合光子晶体[D(AB)mD]2结构中的禁带出现两个完全共振透射峰。通过控制入射光强来微调光子晶体材料的介电常数,使得完全共振透射峰移动,且介电常数变化越大,共振透射峰偏移越大,从而形成高效率的双通道光开关。当光子晶体为[D(AB)mD]N结构时,每个完全共振透射峰都分裂为N-1条,这样可通过调节N同时实现所需要通道数目的高效多通道光开关和多通道滤波器。     

Optical switching based on the manipulation of microparticles in a colloidal liquid using strong scattering force

This paper demonstrates the realization of an optical switch by optically manipulating a large number of polystyrene spheres contained in a capillary.The strong scattering force exerted on polystyrene spheres with a large diameter of 4.3 μm is employed to realize the switching operation.A transparent window is opened for the signal light when the polystyrene spheres originally located at the beam centre are driven out of the beam region by the strong scattering force induced by the control light.The switching dynamics under different incident powers is investigated and compared with that observed in the optical switch based on the formation of optical matter.It is found that a large extinction ratio of ～ 30 dB and fast switching-on and switching-off times can be achieved in this type of switch.     

石英光纤中二次谐波的产生及机理分析

报道了采用预置法使石英光纤中产生二次谐波及由透射电子显微镜预置前后光纤内部物质结构变化的实验结果，发现石英光纤中存有少量晶体，正是它们在预置前后的结构变化导致了二次谐波的产生。     

Rayleigh and Mandelstam-Brillouin light scattering in chalcogenide glasses of the As-S system

The Rayleigh light scattering in chalcogenide glasslike alloys of the As-S system is investigated. The velocities of longitudinal hypersound, elasto-optical constants, extinction coefficients, and scattering losses have been determined. It is shown that an increase in the amount of sulfur in alloys leads to an increase in chemical differentiation and, as a result, to an increase in the intensity of Rayleigh scattering and in inherent optical losses.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 71, No. 6, 823–826, November–December, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Blur Reduction in the Focal Plane of Optical Receivers by Exploiting the Negative Refractive Behavior of Photonic Crystals

We present a passive method for reducing the size of a focal spot blurred by wavefront distortions in an optical system. The key to this reduction lies in the rather unique behavior of photonic crystals to exhibit negative refraction. First, we review the design of such a photonic crystal structure and analyze its dispersion property to find the proper condition where negative refraction occurs. The predictions derived from theoretical infinite structures are confirmed by rigorous electromagnetic analysis using both the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) methods in combination with more realistic finite structures. Second, we discuss an unconventional approach to exploit the negative refractive behavior in reducing the focal spot area spread caused by a blurred wavefront. A proof-of-principle calculation of this approach is performed with the ray trace method to visualize the reduction of the illumination area while preserving the propagation angle of the incoming beam. Finally, we investigate the crystal’s performance when its two-dimensional structure is exposed to conical illumination.     

用碘分子共振吸收滤波器精确测量水中的布里渊散射频移

提出了一种基于分子共振吸收滤波技术的水中布里渊散射频移的探测方法——边缘探测方法。利用碘分子在水中的布里渊散射光谱范围内的两个对称的吸收峰,可以对光在水中的布里渊散射频移实现高精度的实时测量。对这一方法的原理进行了分析,给出了可用于实际测量的探测系统,并给出了用此系统得到的实验测量结果。还分析了测量系统的固有误差及测量灵敏度。结果表明,这一新方法与常规探测方法(如扫描干涉仪法)相比,具有实时性好、灵敏度高、测量精度高等突出的优点。