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1.
In recent years, graphene‐incorporated micro‐/nanocomposites represent one of the hottest developing directions for the composite materials. However, a large number of active nanoparticles (NPs) are still in the unprotected state in most constructed graphene‐containing designs, which will seriously impair the effects of the graphene additives. Here, a fully protected Fe3O4‐based micro‐/nanocomposite (G/Fe3O4@C) is rationally developed by carbon‐boxing the common graphene/Fe3O4 microparticulates (G/Fe3O4). The processes and results of full protection are tracked in detail and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nitrogen absorption–desorption isotherms, as well as scanning and transition electron microscopy. When used as the anode for lithium‐ion batteries, the fully protected G/Fe3O4@C exhibits the best lithium‐storage properties in terms of the highest rate capabilities and the longest cycle life compared to the common G/Fe3O4 composites and commercial Fe3O4 products. These much improved properties are mainly attributed to its novel structural features including complete protection of active Fe3O4 nanoparticles by the surface carbon box, a robust conductive network composed of nitrogen‐doped graphene nanosheets, ultra‐small Fe3O4 NPs of 4–5 nm, abundant mesopores to accommodate the volume variation during cycling, and micrometer‐sized secondary particles.  相似文献   

2.
Herein, a novel palladium‐doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (g‐C3N4‐PdNPs) is reported. The prepared g‐C3N4‐PdNPs has a 6.7 and 14.0 times higher peroxidase‐like activity in comparison with pure Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets respectively, and can be stably stored for 3 months. The high peroxidase‐like activity make g‐C3N4‐PdNPs effectively catalyze H2O2‐mediation oxidization of 3,3,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine to generate a color change from colorless to blue under lower concentration level and shorter time. The g‐C3N4‐PdNPs can be used as peroxidase mimetic to develop sensitive and specific colorimetric method for the rapid detection of glucose in the serum, and to fabricate a simple and cheap portable test kit for instrument‐free visual detection of glucose in serum. The portable test kit possesses obvious advantages such as low‐cost, short detection time, tiny sample consumption, excellent specificity, and higher visual sensitivity. The visual detection limit of portable test kit is lower than the glucose concentration in the serum of a diabetic. Using portable test kit, the glucose in serum can be visually detected by bare eye observation within 30 min with only 30 µL serum consumption. The success of this study provided a potential approach for low‐cost and instrument‐free “see” diabetes in clinical early diagnosis.  相似文献   

3.
In this study, a novel ternary hematite nanocomposites photoanode structure with superior photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance consisting of fullerene (C60) and 2D‐electrochemical reduced graphene oxide (eRGO) used as the effective surface passivators is developed. The introduction of both the electron scavenging C60 and highly conducting eRGO has mitigated the high interfacial recombination rate of hematite and led to the superior enhancement in PEC performance. UV–vis analysis reveals that the incorporation of C60 and eRGO can provide a stronger light absorption at the visible light (400 nm < λ < 700 nm) and near infrared (IR) region (λ > 700 nm). Through the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, it can be concluded that the introduction of C60 and eRGO onto hematite photoanode improves electron transfer and collection, reduces charge‐carrier recombination efficiency, and enhances PEC activity. The resultant ternary hematite photoanode structure exhibits 16.8‐fold enhancement in photocurrent density and 0.8‐fold reduction in charge transfer resistance when compared to the bare hematite structure only. This study has shown that the application of C60, 2D‐eRGO, or in combination as a ternary structure provides the plasmonic effect that can enhance the PEC performance in hematite photoanode structure.  相似文献   

4.
Catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are at the heart of water oxidation reactions. Despite continuous efforts, the development of OER/HER electrocatalysts with high activity at low cost remains a big challenge. Herein, a composite material consisting of TC@WO3@g‐C3N4@Ni‐NiO complex matrix as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the OER and HER is described. Though the catalyst has modest activity for HER, it exhibits high OER activity thereby making it a better nonprecious electrocatalyst for both OER and HER and is further improved by g‐C3N4. The catalytic activity arises from the synergetic effects between WO3, Ni‐NiO, and g‐C3N4. A Ni‐NiO alloy and WO3 nanoparticles decorated on the g‐C3N4 surface supported toray carbon (TC) matrix (TC@WO3@g‐C3N4@Ni‐NiO) by a facile route that show an excellent and durable bifunctional catalytic activity for OER and HER in the alkaline medium are developed. This carbon nitride with binary metal/metal‐oxide matrix supported with TC exhibit an overpotential of 0.385 and 0.535 V versus RHE at a current density of 10 mA cm?2 (Tafel slopes of 0.057 and 0.246 V dec?1 for OER and HER, respectively), in 0.1 m NaOH . The catalyst is tested in water electrolysis for 17 h.  相似文献   

5.
A novel aqueous‐based self‐assembly approach to a composite of iron oxide nanorods on conductive‐polymer (CP)‐functionalized, ultralarge graphene oxide (GO) liquid crystals (LCs) is demonstrated here for the fabrication of a flexible hybrid material for charge capacitive application. Uniform decoration of α‐Fe2O3 nanorods on a poly(3,4‐ethylene‐dioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)‐functionalized, ultralarge GO scaffold results in a 3D interconnected layer‐by‐layer (LBL) architecture. This advanced interpenetrating network of ternary components is lightweight, foldable, and possesses highly conductive pathways for facile ion transportation and charge storage, making it promising for high‐performance energy‐storage applications. Having such structural merits and good synergistic effects, the flexible architecture exhibits a high specific discharge capacitance of 875 F g?1 and excellent volumetric specific capacitance of 868 F cm?3 at 5 mV s?1, as well as a promising energy density of 118 W h kg?1 (at 0.5 A g?1) and promising cyclability, with capacity retention of 100% after 5000 charge–discharge (CD) cycles. This synthesis method provides a simple, yet efficient approach for the solution‐processed LBL insertion of the hematite nanorods (HNR) into CP‐functionalized novel composite structure. It provides great promise for the fabrication of a variety of metal‐oxide (MO)‐nanomaterial‐based binder and current collector‐free flexible composite electrodes for high‐performance energy‐storage applications.  相似文献   

6.
A new preceramic precursor was prepared by chlorination and ammoniation reaction of poly(methylsilyleneethynylenephenyleneethynylene) (MSEPE), [?SiH(CH3)? C≡C?C6H4?C≡C?]n. The obtained amine-modified silicon-containing arylacetylene resin (MSEPE-An) was a liquid polymer at room temperature and could be thermally cross-linked at temperatures lower than 200°C. The chemical structure of MSEPE-An was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and GPC. The pyrolysis of the cured MSEPE-An was carried out in N2 atmosphere up to 1450°C to produce a Si?C?N ceramic composite. The ceramic composite was analyzed by FTIR and X-ray diffraction techniques. The electromagnetic wave absorption properties of a paraffin sample with 10 vol% Si?C?N ceramic powders were characterized in a frequency range of 2–18 GHz, according to a conventional reflection/transmission technique. Experimental results demonstrated that the Si?C?N ceramic composite provided good electromagnetic wave absorption performance.  相似文献   

7.
Here, a microwave‐assisted approach has been demonstrated to rapidly prepare magnetic Pd–CoFe2O4–graphene (GE) composite nanosheets in ethylene glycol (EG) solvent. The generation of both Pd and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles is accompanied with the reduction process of graphene oxide (GO) by EG. The surface morphologies and chemical composition of the composite nanosheets are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (EDS), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. The as‐prepared Pd–CoFe2O4–GE composite nanosheets exhibit a remarkable catalytic activity towards the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) at room temperature. The apparent kinetic rate constant (K app) of this catalytic reaction could reach about 11.0 × 10?3 s?1. Moreover, the CoFe2O4 component exhibits a magnetic property, which could make the Pd–CoFe2O4–GE composite nanocatalysts separated from the suspension system. The catalytic conversion of the 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol could reach 87.2% after four cycles. This work presents a simple, rapid, and versatile method to fabricate both metal and spinel‐type complex oxides on GE nanosheets, providing a new opportunity for their applications in the recyclable catalytic reaction.  相似文献   

8.
《Current Applied Physics》2018,18(5):611-618
Present study focus on the designing of high performance microwave absorbing material against electromagnetic pollution. Herein we synthesize conducting polymer based composite encapsulated with Barium strontium titanate (BST), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and Fe3O4 nanoparticles via chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole. The synthesized composite materials were thoroughly characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and VSM techniques. The presence of filler materials in conducting polymer matrix leads to absorption dominated shielding effectiveness value of 48 dB in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz (X-band). Moreover, presence of dielectric and magnetic fillers increases the thermal and chemical stability of the composite material. The obtained shielding effectiveness value is above the recommended limit (30–40 dB) required for the commercial applications, therefore these composite material could be used as effective shield against EM pollution.  相似文献   

9.
A dual‐emission ratiometric fluorescent sensing film for metal ion detection is designed. This dual‐emission film is successfully prepared from chitosan, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), and gold nanoclusters (Au NCs). Here, it is shown that the g‐C3N4 not only serves as the fluorescence emission source, but also enhances the mechanical and thermal stability of the film. Meanwhile, the Au NCs are adsorbed on the surface of chitosan film by the electrostatic interaction. The as‐prepared dual‐emission film can selectively detect Cu2+, leading to the quench of red fluorescence of Au NCs, whereas the blue fluorescence from g‐C3N4 persists. The ratio of the two fluorescence intensities depends on the Cu2+ concentration and the fluorescence color changes from orange red to yellow, cyan, and finally to blue with increasing Cu2+ concentration. Thus, the as‐prepared dual‐emission film can be worked as ratiometric sensing paper for Cu2+ detection. Furthermore, the film shows high sensitivity and selectivity, with low limit of detection (LOD) (10 ppb). It is observed that this novel gold‐cluster‐based dual‐emission ratiometric fluorescent sensing paper is an easy and convenient way for detecting metal ions. It is believed that this research work have created another avenue for the detection of metal ions in the environment.  相似文献   

10.
A one‐pot method is described for the preparation of graphene quantum dots/graphene oxide (GQDs/GO) hybrid composites with emission in the visible region, through heteroatom doping and hydroxyl‐radical‐induced decomposition of GO. The NH4OH‐ and thiourea‐mediated dissociation of H2O2 produces hydroxyl radicals. Treatment of GO with hydroxyl radicals results in the production of small‐sized GO sheets and GQDs, which self‐assemble to form GQDs/GO through strong π–π interactions. For example, the reaction of GO with a mixture of NH4OH and H2O2 for 40, 120, and 270 min generates yellow‐emitting GQDs/GO (Y‐GQDs/GO), green‐emitting GQDs/GO, and blue‐emitting GQDs, while red‐emitting GQDs/GO (R‐GQDs/GO) are prepared by incubating GO with a mixture of thiourea and H2O2. From the analysis of these four GQD‐based nanomaterials by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy, it is found that this tunable fluorescence wavelength results from the differences in particle size. All four GQD‐based nanomaterials exhibit moderate quantum yields (1–10%), nanosecond fluorescence lifetimes, and excitation‐independent emissions. Except for R‐GQDs/GO, the other three GQD‐based nanomaterials are stable in a high‐concentration salt solution (e.g., 1.6 m NaCl) and under high‐power irradiation, enabling the sensitive (high‐temperature resolution and large activation energy) and reversible detection of temperature change. It is further demonstrated that Y‐GQD/GO can be used to image HeLa cells.  相似文献   

11.
Highly performance photodetector requires a wide range of responses of the incident photons and converts them to electrical signals efficiently. Here, a photodetector based on formamidinium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (e.g., FAPbBr3 QDs)–graphene hybrid, aiming to take the both advantages of the two constituents. The FAPbBr3 QD–graphene layer not only benefits from the high mobility and wide spectral absorption of the graphene material but also from the long charge carrier lifetime and low dark carrier concentration of the FAPbBr3 QDs. The photodetector based on FAPbBr3 QD–graphene hybrid exhibits a broad spectral photoresponse ranging from 405 to 980 nm. A photoresponsivity of 1.15 × 105AW−1 and an external quantum efficiency as high as 3.42 × 107% are obtained under an illumination power of 3 µW at 520 nm wavelength. In detail, a high responsivity is achieved in 405–538 nm, while a relatively low but fast response is observed in 538–980 nm. The photoelectric conversion mechanism of this hybrid photodetector is investigated in the view of built‐in electric field from the QD–graphene contact which improves the photoconductive gain.  相似文献   

12.
FeNi alloy nanoparticles (NPs) supported by reduced graphene oxide (RGO) (FeNi/RGO nanocomposites) were successfully synthesized through in‐situ reduction. Large amounts of sphere‐like FeNi NPs are uniformly deposited on the RGO nanosheets. The magnetic hysteresis measurement reveals the ferromagnetic behavior of the nanocomposites at room temperature. According to the electromagnetic (EM) characteristics, the FeNi/RGO nanocomposites show outstanding EM absorption properties in the 2–18 GHz range, as evidenced by the wide effective absorption bandwidth (up to 3.3 GHz, with reflection loss RL < –10 dB) and a minimal RL (–32 dB) at 12.4 GHz with a thickness of 1.5 mm. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

13.
Large-scale octahedral Fe3O4 nanocrystallines with crystalline size of 100−500 nm were synthesized by a facile solvent-thermal method for electromagnetic wave application. The Fe3O4 nanocrystallines showed a higher saturation magnetization (M s ) value of 86.8 emu/g and larger coercivity (H cj ) value of 255 Oe than that of magnetite polycrystallines because of their good crystallization and dispersion. The epoxy resin composites with 40 vol% Fe3O4 powders provided good electromagnetic wave absorption performance (RL < −20 dB) in the range of 2.0–4.3 GHz over the absorber thicknesses of 3.5–6.8 mm. A minimum RL value of −47 dB was observed at 3.1 GHz with a thickness of 4.8 mm.  相似文献   

14.
3D reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐wrapped Ni3S2 nanoparticles on Ni foam with porous structure is successfully synthesized via a facile one‐step solvothermal method. This unique structure and the positive synergistic effect between Ni3S2 nanoparticles and graphene can greatly improve the electrochemical performance of the NF@rGO/Ni3S2 composite. Detailed electrochemical measurements show that the NF@rGO/Ni3S2 composite exhibits excellent supercapacitor performance with a high specific capacitance of 4048 mF cm?2 (816.8 F g?1) at a current density of 5 mA cm?2 (0.98 A g?1), as well as long cycling ability (93.8% capacitance retention after 6000 cycles at a current density of 25 mA cm?2). A novel aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor is designed using the NF@rGO/Ni3S2 composite as positive electrode and nitrogen‐doped graphene as negative electrode. The assembled device displays an energy density of 32.6 W h kg?1 at a power density of 399.8 W kg?1, and maintains 16.7 W h kg?1 at 8000.2 W kg?1. This outstanding performance promotes the as‐prepared NF@rGO/Ni3S2 composite to be ideal electrode materials for supercapacitors.  相似文献   

15.
Rechargeable Li‐O2 batteries are promising candidates for electric vehicles due to their high energy density. However, the current development of Li‐O2 batteries demands highly efficient air cathode catalysts for high capacity, good rate capability, and long cycle life. In this work, a hydrothermal‐calcination method is presented to prepare a composite of Co3O4 hollow nanoparticles and Co organic complexes highly dispersed on N‐doped graphene (Co–NG), which acts as a bifunctional air cathode catalyst to optimize the electrochemical performances of Li‐O2 batteries. Co–NG exhibits an outstanding initial discharge capacity up to 19 133 mAh g?1 at a current density of 200 mA g?1. In addition, the batteries could sustain 71 cycles at a cutoff capacity of 1000 mAh g?1 with low overpotentials at the current density of 200 mA g?1. Co–NG composites are attractive as air cathode catalysts for rechargeable Li‐O2 batteries.  相似文献   

16.
A four‐layer absorbing composite on millimeter scale is designed containing an absorbent with multilayer‐like structure on the microscale. In this four‐layer absorbing composite, epoxy resin acts as transparent layer, the multilayer‐like structure absorbent serves as the main absorbing layer; graphene/Ni composite acts as an impedance matching layer; and Fe3O4 nanoparticles serve as a magnetic‐loss absorbing layer. The reflection loss of the composites is simulated with CST Microwave Studio, and the absorbency of the composites is discussed in detail when the thickness of each layer is changed. The results show that when the thicknesses of the transparent layer, main absorbing layer, impedance matching layer, and magnetic‐loss absorbing layer are 2.5, 2, 1.5, and 2 mm, respectively, the minimum reflection loss of the composite is ?51.7 dB, the bandwidth below ?10 dB reaches 11.82 GHz, and the density of the composite is nearly 1.9 g cm?3. Therefore, this new four‐layer absorbing composite possesses strong absorbency, broad absorbing bandwidth, thin thickness, and light weight. Thus, a new way to the development of multilayer absorbing composites is presented.  相似文献   

17.
Graphene decorated with graphene quantum dots (G-D-GQDs) have been successfully synthesized using solvothermal cutting of graphene oxide. The incorporation of G-D-GQDs in polyvinyledene fluoride (PVDF) matrix shows the total EMI shielding effectiveness (SET) of 31 dB at 8 GHz. The main mechanism of high EMI shielding effectiveness is reflection and absorption of EM radiation. The high absorption of EM radiation is due to tunneling of electrons from GQDs. Further, decoration of G-D-GQDs with conducting Ag nanoparticles (G-D-GQDsAg) enhances the SET value to 43 dB at 8 GHz of PVDF/G-D-GQDsAg nanocomposite, due to increase in electrical conductivity of PVDF/G-D-GQDsAg nanocomposite and enhanced dispersion of G-D-GQDsAg in PVDF matrix. The incorporation of G-D-GQDs and G-D-GQDsAg in PVDF matrix also increases the thermal stability and crystallinity of PVDF. The increase in thermal stability and crystallinity are more for PVDF/G-D-GQDsAg nanocomposite as compare to PVDF/G-D-GQDs nanocomposite, due to better dispersion of G-D-GQDsAg in PVDF matrix. Thus, PVDF/G-D-GQDsAg nanocomposite having high SET value can shield 99.9% of electromagnetic radiation in X-band range, which make it suitable for EMI shielding application for consumer electronic equipment’s.  相似文献   

18.
Hierarchical yolk–shell nanostructure (NiO/Ni/GN@Air@NiO/Ni/GN) derived from Ni‐based metal–organic frameworks (Ni‐MOFs) is synthesized by solvothermal reactions. After successive carbonization and oxidation treatments, hierarchical NiO/Ni nanocrystals covered with a graphene shell are obtained with the yolk–shell nanostructure intact. The NiO/Ni/GN@Air@NiO/Ni/GN composites are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the NiO/Ni/GN@Air@NiO/Ni/GN composites exhibit superior electromagnetic wave absorption properties. A minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of ?34.5 dB is obtained at 17.2 GHz with the thin thickness of 1.7 mm. In addition, the best microwave absorption properties are achieved with a 2.0 mm absorber layer (RLmin = ?22.5 dB, bandwidth of 6.0 GHz). The outstanding absorption ability may arise from the unique yolk–shell structure and nanoporous carbon, which can tune the dielectric of the NiO/Ni/GN@Air@NiO/Ni/GN composites to acquire good impedance matching. Moreover, the interspaces can induce interfacial polarization and multiple reflections.  相似文献   

19.
We report the synthesis of high‐quality graphene on Cu foils using hot‐filament chemical vapor deposition technique and demonstrate that by suitably varying the CH4 and H2 flow rates, one can also obtain hydrogenated graphene. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy studies confirm the growth of monolayer graphene as inferred from the intensity ratio of 2D to G peak which is nearly four in unhydrogenated samples. Detailed Raman area mapping confirms the uniform coverage of monolayer graphene. The grown layer is also transferred onto a Si substrate over ~10 × 10 mm sq. area. The present results provide a leap in synthesis technology of high‐quality graphene and pave way for scaling up the process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
A facile strategy is developed to fabricate bicomponent CoO/CoFe2O4‐N‐doped graphene hybrids (CoO/CoFe2O4‐NG). These hybrids are demonstrated to be potential high‐performance anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The CoO/CoFe2O4 nanoplatelets are finely dispersed on the surface of N‐doped graphene nanosheets (CoO/CoFe2O4‐NG). The CoO/CoFe2O4‐NG electrode exhibits ultrahigh specific capacity with 1172 mA h g?1 at 500 mA g?1 and 970 mA h g?1 at 1000 mA g?1 as well as excellent cycle stability due to the synergetic effects of N‐doped graphene and CoO/CoFe2O4 nanoplatelets. The well‐dispersed bicomponent CoO/CoFe2O4 is responsible for the high specific capacity. The N‐doped graphene with high specific surface area has dual roles: to provide active sites for dispersing the CoO/CoFe2O4 species and to function as an electrical conducting matrix for fast charge transfer. This method provides a simple and efficient way to configure the hybridized electrode materials with high lithium storage capacity.  相似文献   

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