Effect of Petroleum Condensate/Gasoline Mixture on Automotive Engines

Twelve combustible mixtures of condensate/gasoline were evaluated with the aim to delimit the extent at which the adulteration of premium motor spirit (PMS) with condensate samples becomes hazardous to spark-ignited gasoline engines. Results of the quality-assurance tests (low RON (research octane number) rating and low volatility corroborated by <0.45 kg/cm² RVP (Reid vapor pressure) and high boiling-point (IBP (initial boiling point), FPB (final boiling point), and TR (total recovery)) ranges of atmospheric distillation) show that 16–100% (v/v) of condensate in the adulterated blends are undesirable for automotive engines. Such fuels may cause rough idling, detonation (pinging), and eventual knock of the spark-ignited engine. Continued availability of petroleum products in developing countries like Nigeria might discourage the uncanny practice of ‘black marketers’ who perpetrate the distribution of the ‘killer products’. This might also boost the already impeded consumer trust on petroleum products.     

Gas chromatographic analysis of organic solvent mixtures on capillary columns of different polarity

Summary A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of organic solvents in chemical products is described. The analysis is performed by the use of a polar column, Supelcowax 10, and a non-polar column CP-Sil-5CB. Samples containing a non-volatile matrix or water were analysed by headspace analysis. The identification of the solvents in a sample, based on GC retention times on one column, is confirmed by GC of the sample on the second column. The method has been found to be suitable for the routine analysis of solvent mixtures.     

Quality assessment of gasoline using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography combined with unfolded partial least squares: A reliable approach for the detection of gasoline adulteration

Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography and flame ionization detection combined with unfolded‐partial least squares is proposed as a simple, fast and reliable method to assess the quality of gasoline and to detect its potential adulterants. The data for the calibration set are first baseline corrected using a two‐dimensional asymmetric least squares algorithm. The number of significant partial least squares components to build the model is determined using the minimum value of root‐mean square error of leave‐one out cross validation, which was 4. In this regard, blends of gasoline with kerosene, white spirit and paint thinner as frequently used adulterants are used to make calibration samples. Appropriate statistical parameters of regression coefficient of 0.996–0.998, root‐mean square error of prediction of 0.005–0.010 and relative error of prediction of 1.54–3.82% for the calibration set show the reliability of the developed method. In addition, the developed method is externally validated with three samples in validation set (with a relative error of prediction below 10.0%). Finally, to test the applicability of the proposed strategy for the analysis of real samples, five real gasoline samples collected from gas stations are used for this purpose and the gasoline proportions were in range of 70–85%. Also, the relative standard deviations were below 8.5% for different samples in the prediction set.     

气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析火场残留物中的汽油成分

近年来,我国纵火案件呈上升趋势[1].纵火是一种严重危害公共安全的刑事犯罪.在纵火案中,火灾现场的纵火剂种类的确定是消防部门分析和认定火灾原因和火灾性质的重要依据之一,也是刑侦部门及时侦破纵火案件有力的证据之一.     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定盐酸特比萘芬中残留溶剂

应用HP-5毛细管柱(25 m×0.32 mm,0.25 μm)气相色谱法测定了盐酸特比萘芬药物中乙醚、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲苯、二甲基甲酰胺等6种残留溶剂.经烘干的试样溶于二甲替甲酰胺(DMF)中,试样溶液中的残留溶剂经毛细管柱分离后,以苯为内标物,内标法定量测定.6种残留溶剂具有良好的分离效果,整体回收率在92.7%～101.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.5%～2.8%之间,6种残留溶剂检出限(S/N=3)依次为1.5,2.8,2.5,12.0,1.7,1.6 mg·L-1.     

甲氧滴涕原药成分的气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱分析

本文用气相色谱（GC），气相色谱-质谱联用（GC－MS）测定了甲氧滴涕（DMDT）原药中有效成分的含量及11种成分的结构。GC法内标定量结果表明，产品甲氧滴涕原药中有效成份达90％以上。     

毒鼠强的气相色谱法快速检验

介绍了采用气相色谱法测定生物检材中的毒鼠强含量的方法。采用氮磷检测器 ,使用HP-1,HP-5石英毛细管柱 ,检出限可达1ng。用苯作为提取溶剂 ,胃组织中毒鼠强回收率为82.8%。方法简便、快速、准确。     

气相色谱表面发射火焰光度检测法测定汽油中的四乙基铅

本文介绍气相色谱表面发射漯焰光度法快速、简便地测定汽油中的四乙基铅，最小检测限为０．３ｎｇ。所得结果与气相色谱－原子吸收联用法基本一致。     

气相色谱法在有机锡化合物形态分离与测定中的应用

综述了利用气相色谱分析各类环境样品中有机锡形态的方法进展，主要包括样品前处理与测定这两大方面的讨论，引用文献88篇。     

气相色谱法测定汽油烃类组成分析技术的应用现状与发展

对气相色谱法测定汽油馏分烃类组成分析技术的应用现状和发展进行了系统评述。分别对高分辨毛细管气相色谱法、多维气相色谱法和溴加成结合气相色谱-原子发射光谱检测法测定汽油烃类组成的特点和存在的问题进行了讨论,并提出了一些解决方案。     

用毛细管气相色谱法测定多糖中单糖的组成

报道了测定多糖中单糖组成的糖醇乙酸酯的毛细管气相色谱分析方法。使用ＯＶ－２２５毛细管气相色谱柱分离了１１种单糖的糖醇乙酸酯衍生物,在０．２～１．６８ｇ／Ｌ质量浓度范围内,１１种单糖定量校正曲线的线性关系廊。应用该法测定了胡麻我发多糖和少 我中单糖的组成。为这些药物多糖的基础研究提供了有用的信息。     

气相色谱法测定汽油馏分中的单体芳烃

采用三柱一阀气相色谱系统单次进样、归一化法定量分析初馏至200 ℃的汽油(包括含有醇类、醚类的成品汽油)中的芳烃含量。具体操作:样品进入系统后分为两路,一路经过分析柱1(Col.2)后直接到检测器;另一路进入预切柱(Col.1),烷烃和烯烃先于芳烃流出,待烷烃和烯烃放空后将阀切换到反吹状态,Col.1中的芳烃被反吹出来,进入分析柱2(Col.3),经过分离后到检测器,经计算得到样品分析结果。该法简便、快速、样品用量少、测试范围宽,避免了汽油中其他组分对芳烃测定的干扰。     

Quantification of Kerosene in Gasoline by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography and N-Way Multivariate Analysis

Abstract

In brazil, gasoline is usually adulterated by diesel oil, ethanol (in addition to the amount legally specified), petrochemical raffinates, and kerosene. This is an illegal action performed mainly in an attempt to raise profits. Therefore, methods for reliable identification of adulterated gasoline are very attractive. The aim of this work was to propose a method to quantify kerosene in gasoline through N-way multivariate analysis and a homemade Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC × GC-FID). Models generated by Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC), PARAFAC2, and Multi-way Partial Least Squares (N-PLS) allowed the quantification of kerosene in gasoline with Root Mean Square Error of Cross-Validation (RMSECV) values of 2.98%, 2.65%, and 2.08%, respectively.     

气相色谱法测定饮料酒中的低沸点有机酸

在非质子极性溶剂-二甲基乙酰胺中,室温下用碘乙烷与C_1—C_6脂肪酸及乳酸的四甲基铵盐反应制备各酸相应的乙酯。乙酯在15%的邻苯二甲酸二壬酯与6%的土温-80混合固定液填充柱上获得满意分离。用本法测定饮料酒中的低沸点有机酸含量,简便、快速、准确。     

用大口径毛细管气相色谱法快速测定塑料食品包装袋中有机残留物

采用５３０μｍ大口径毛细管色谱柱,顶空气相色谱－火焰电离检测器测定,建立了一种塑料食品包装袋中有机溶剂———甲苯、乙酸乙酯、丁酮和异丙醇残留的气相色谱快速分析方法,回收率为９４．８％～１０１．６％,相对标准偏差为０．８％～２．７％。方法简便、灵敏、准确、重现性好。     

测定染发剂中苯二胺的气相色谱法

建立了气相色谱法同时测定染发剂中邻位、间位、对位苯二胺的方法。方法线性范围：邻苯二胺０．３～４０．０ｇ／Ｌ,对苯二胺０．２～５０．０ｇ／Ｌ,间苯二胺０．４～７０．０ｇ／Ｌ;平均回收率：苯二胺９４．７％,对苯二胺９２．２％,间苯二胺９０．１％。该法灵敏度高、操作简便、准确。     

燕窝及其制品的气相色谱鉴别和定量检测

确定燕窝唾液糖蛋白寡糖链由５种糖组分构成，它们具有特定的量比关系。据此建立的燕窝及其制品的气相色谱检测方法可同时完成定性鉴别和定量分析，具有特征性强，干扰少，简便可靠的特点。     

黄油中二十八碳醇含量的气相色谱法测定

建立了黄油中二十八碳醇的气相色谱测定方法。样品经500 g/L NaOH皂化1 h后,用环己烷萃取,采用毛细管气相色谱法测定二十八碳醇含量。色谱柱为HP-1柱,通过程序升温,在20 min内实现了二十八碳醇的测定。在20~1000 mg/L范围内,二十八碳醇色谱峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.998 9),回收率为94%~98%(n=6),重复性RSD(n=6)小于3.1%。该法具有良好的准确度与精密度。