Calculation of the absorption coefficients of optical materials by measuring the transmissivities and refractive indices

In this paper, a formula for accurate calculation of the absorption coefficient of optical material is deduced by the relationship of its transmissivity, refractive index and absorption coefficient. Because the values of transmissivity and refractive index of the optical material with a higher accuracy can be determined by the instruments or obtained directly from the references, the calculated results of the absorption coefficients with a higher accuracy is certified. The absorption coefficients of some optical materials are calculated with it, and the results are discussed.     

Picosecond absorption spectroscopy and its application to the study of nucleic acid components

A high performance picosecond absorption spectrometer adapted for induced absorption measurements in the UV region is described. An application of the spectrometer to the study of nucleic acids (NA) components is presented. Experimental results are given of induced absorption measurements in water solutions of NA components and in single crystals of NA bases.     

提高大气吸收光谱测量分辨率的新方法

在仪器函数和吸收线型已知的情况下 ,提出了一种非线性拟合退卷积法 ,用于提高气体吸收测量的光谱分辨率。数值模拟和实际应用都表明 :该方法用于室内气体吸收光谱的测量 ,在保持吸收线型不变的情况下 ,可以显著地提高测量的光谱分辨率 ,降低测量噪声。将该方法用于怀特池中模拟大气吸收光谱测量 ,减小了激光线宽对测量结果的影响 ,获得了比较理想的结果。     

Study of the spin polarization of unoccupied states near the Fermi level by spin-dependent near-edge absorption spectroscopy

Spin-dependent near-edge absorption spectroscopy is presented as a new method for studying the spin density of states near the Fermi level at the absorbing atom site. Using circularly polarized synchrotron radiation the spin-dependent inner-shell absorption coefficient is measured as a function of the photoelectron energy. The spin-dependent absorption profile is expected to reflect directly the spin-density distribution of the states populated in the absorption process. The spin densities of 3d-and 4f-elements in pure systems, ferromagnetic alloy and compounds, and 5d-impurities in Fe have been investigated. The results are compared with spin-resolved band-structure calculations for the ferromagnetic ground state.     

Assessment of the coherent potential approximation for the absorption spectra of a one-dimensional Frenkel exciton system with a Gaussian distribution of fluctuations in the optical transition frequency

We investigate the accuracy of the coherent potential approximation (CPA) for the optical absorption spectra of a one-dimensional Frenkel exciton system with nearest-neighbor interactions and a Gaussian distribution of fluctuations in the optical transition frequency (diagonal Gaussian disorder). Our earlier studies have established that the CPA gives highly accurate results for the integral of the density of states of this system. In this paper we compare the CPA results for the normalized optical absorption with the finite-array calculations of Schreiber and Toyozawa and Schreiber for the same model. It is found that the CPA results for the absorption are in good agreement with their findings. It is pointed out that an expansion of the density of states in terms of the eigenstates of the ideal (no disorder) array contains a term proportional to the normalized absorption. Since the density of states is accurately approximated by the CPA, the presence of this term explains the success of the CPA in reproducing the absorption spectra. Our findings support the use of the Gaussian disorder model to interpret the absorption spectra of one and quasi-one dimensional exciton systems.     

Effect of a honeycomb on the sound absorption characteristics of panel-type absorbers

Panel-type sound absorbers are commonly used to absorb low-frequency sounds. Recently, a new type of panel/membrane absorbers has been proposed as a next-generation sound absorber free from environmental problems. On the other hand, it is known that placing a honeycomb structure behind a porous layer can improve sound absorption performance and a similar effect can be obtained for microperforated-panel absorbers. Herein, the sound absorption characteristics of a panel sound absorber with a honeycomb in its back cavity are theoretically analyzed. The numerical results are used to discuss the variations in the sound absorption characteristics due to the honeycomb as well as the mechanism for sound absorption.     

Role of surface metal nanoparticles on the absorption in solar cells

The effect of absorption enhancement with metallic nanoparticles on solar cell surfaces is often confused with various optical processes. In this work, the effective absorption rates in the active materials of solar cells are explicitly calculated including all possible factors. The results show that, although the total absorption is highly enhanced in general, the effective absorption in the active region is not much enhanced and even strongly reduced in the blue-violet regime. As the solar spectrum is considered, the integrated absorbed power in the solar cell materials is shown to be similar for structures with or without metallic nanoparticles.     

江西朱溪钨矿床矽卡岩矿物热红外光谱学特征研究

朱溪钨矿床白钨矿化与矽卡岩化密切相关,白钨矿多与石榴子石、透辉石等矽卡岩矿物一起产出。该研究对朱溪典型矽卡岩矿物如石榴子石、透辉石、符山石、硅灰石、阳起石等进行显微红外光谱测量和电子探针分析,探究朱溪矽卡岩矿物的热红外光谱特征及其对成矿的指示意义,并建立朱溪地区的矽卡岩矿物热红外光谱库。结果表明,朱溪钨矿床石榴子石主要为钙铝—钙铁榴石系列,在800和920 cm^-1附近存在一大一小两个吸收峰,在880 cm^-1附近存在特征吸收谷;当石榴子石成分中钙铝榴石含量大于50%时,石榴子石特征吸收谷位于880～900 cm^-1,当钙铝榴石含量小于50%时,石榴子石吸收谷位于865～875 cm^-1。随着Al₂O₃含量增加,其特征吸收谷向高波数方向移动,钙铝榴石偏向高波数,钙铁榴石偏向低波数;辉石主要为透辉石—钙铁辉石系列,在850～950 cm^-1波数范围内存在诊断式、呈阶梯状降低的吸收峰,且在1 050 cm^-1处存在吸...     

Continuous spectral measurements of the optical absorption of glasses over the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges

A calorimetric method for continuous measurements of the optical absorption of bulk glasses over the spectrum extending from the visible to the near-infrared wavelength ranges is presented. A relation between the absorption and the induced temperature rise of the sample, at thermal equilibrium, is derived. Details for the most convenient arrangement of source, lens and monochromator are given. As an example, experimental results are plotted for a F2 glass.     

Pöschl-Teller势阱中线性与非线性光学吸收系数的计算

非对称性量子阱中的非线性光学效应因其潜在的实用价值而引起了人们的广泛关注,而量子阱内带间的光学吸收问题对研究远红外光学探测器件具有重要的理论指导意义.考虑带间的电子弛豫,用量子力学中的密度矩阵算符理论导出了Pöschl-Teller 势阱中的线性与三阶非线性光学吸收系数的表达式.通过调节Pöschl-Teller势阱中两个可调参数κ和λ,势阱的形状及其非对称性会随着κ和λ的取值不同而明显不同,从而其线性与非线性光学吸收系数的大小也会随势阱参数κ、λ和入射光强的变化而呈规律性的变化,并且当入射光强增强到一定程度会出现较强的饱和吸收现象.     

Acoustic absorption modeling of porous concrete considering the gradation and shape of aggregates and void ratio

The results of acoustic absorption modeling of porous concrete considering the gradation and shape of aggregates and void ratio are presented. To model the void texture of porous concrete, the multi-layered micro-perforated rigid panel model considering air gaps [1] and [2] is adopted. The parameters used in this acoustic absorption modeling are determined by a geometrical and experimental approach considering the gradation and shape of aggregates and void ratio. The predicted acoustic absorption spectra are compared with experimental results to verify the proposed acoustic absorption modeling approach. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of design factors on the acoustic absorption properties of porous concrete.     

Broadband absorption enhancement with ultrathin MoS_2 film in the visible regime

The broadband absorption enhancement effect in ultrathin molybdenum disulfide(Mo S2)films is investigated.It is achieved by inserting the Mo S2 film between a dielectric film and a one-dimensional silver grating backed with a silver mirror.The broadband absorption enhancement in the visible region is achieved,which exhibits large integrated absorption and short-circuit current density for solar energy under normal incidence.The optical properties of the proposed absorber are found to be superior to those of a reference planar structure,which makes the proposed structure advantageous for practical photovoltaic application.Moreover,the integrated absorption and short-circuit current density can be maintained high for a wide range of incident angles.A qualitative understanding of such broadband absorption enhancement effect is examined by illustrating the electromagnetic field distribution at some selected wavelengths.The results pave the way for developing high-performance optoelectronic devices,such as solar cells,photodetectors,and modulators.     

Mn高掺杂浓度对ZnO禁带宽度和吸收光谱影响的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法, 建立了未掺杂与不同浓度的Mn原子取代Zn原子的三种Zn_1-xMn_xO超胞模型, 分别对模型进行了几何结构优化、态密度分布、能带分布和吸收光谱的计算. 结果表明: 电子非自旋极化处理的条件下, Mn掺杂浓度越小, ZnO形成能越小, 掺杂越容易, 晶体结构越稳定; Mn的掺入使得ZnO体系的杂质能带和导带发生简并化, 并且导带底和价带底同时向低能方向移动, 掺杂后的导带比价带下降得少导致禁带宽度变宽, ZnO吸收光谱明显出现蓝移现象, 计算结果和实验结果相一致. 同时, 电子自旋极化处理的条件下, 体系有磁性, 吸收光谱发生红移现象. 计算结果与相关实验结果相符合.     

Influence of carrier correlations on the excitonic optical response including disorder and microcavity effects

A model study of the characteristic signatures of carrier-correlation effects on the excitonic differential absorption spectra in semiconductors is presented. Using an effectively one-dimensional tight-binding system Coulomb-induced carrier-correlations up to third-order in the optical field are treated without additional approximations. To illustrate the influence of the different many-body contributions excitonic differential absorption spectra are computed for various polarizations and pump-probe time delays. The simultaneous influence of energetic disorder and correlations on the differential absorption spectra is discussed. Also presented are numerical results for the case when the semiconductor system is placed inside a microcavity in the strong-coupling regime. It is shown that the correlations induce characteristic signatures in the normal mode spectra. Received 22 January 1999     

基于光学浮标的赤潮生消过程半分析监测方法

赤潮爆发时水体叶绿素a质量浓度升高,引起浮游植物吸收系数、光束总吸收系数等水体固有光学性质(IOP)的变化,并导致水体表观光学性质(AOP)的改变。海洋光学浮标可实现水体表观光学性质的定点连续时间序列观测,基于此发展相应的模型方法有望实现赤潮生消全过程的监测。利用一次赤潮生消过程的海洋光学浮标数据,发展了一种赤潮半分析监测方法。该方法首先由光学浮标数据得到的水体光谱漫衰减系数Kd(λ)和遥感反射率rrs(λ),结合经验确定的水下光场平均余弦进行水体光束总吸收系数a(λ)的半分析估算,然后再半分析反演浮游植物吸收系数aph(λ)和叶绿素a质量浓度。经检验,该方法估算a(675),aph(675)和叶绿素a质量浓度的中值相对误差分别为8.6%,34.9%和38.9%。将本方法与半分析方法(QAA)和统计回归方法进行了对比分析,本方法的优势在于反演精度较高,所采用的经验参数大都源自辐射传输理论计算、不依赖于浮标数据且对反演结果的影响有限。     

黏弹性吸声材料复弹性模量优化研究

针对黏弹性材料吸声效率问题,利用分层介质声传播理论和数值算法优化了不同物理条件下材料的复弹性模量。采用参数等效的方法分析了含气泡黏弹性材料的声学特性,并给出了此种材料优化后的弹性模量曲线。根据物理模型计算了一定边界条件下材料复弹性模量等吸声系数曲线,得到了几种背衬条件下黏弹性材料吸声系数大于0.8的弹性模量和损耗因子范围。研究表明调节黏弹性材料的复弹性模量可以有效提高材料的吸声性能,吸声系数大于0.8时其弹性模量和损耗因子范围在不同背衬条件下差异较大,发现一定厚度的钢背衬会降低调控复弹性模量的难度,对含气泡黏弹性材料的计算也可得到类似结果。      

一种现场测量材料吸声特性的新方法

现有的材料吸声系数测量方法主要有混响室法和驻波管法,都属于实验室测量方法,不适合现场测量。使用普通扬声器的反射法可以对材料的吸声特性进行现场测量,但是对材料尺寸和测试环境有较高的要求。本文利用参量阵非线性自解调可听声的高指向性和在阵长距离内的平面波特性,结合传递函数法,测量材料的吸声系数,并与传统驻波管测量结果进行了对比。结果表明在普通房间条件下,不需要驻波管,混响室等实验环境,即可对小尺寸的材料进行吸声系数的现场快速测量,具有较大的实用性。      

Final-state-interactions in the infrared absorption of doped semiconductors

We calculate the profile of the infrared inter-valence-band absorption in p-doped non-polar semiconductor as modified by the final-state interaction of electronic excitations with optical phonons. The absorption coefficient vanishes at a light frequency equal to the frequency of the non-polar optical vibrations. The spectrum is asymmetric with respect to the absorption minimum. We show that the type of asymmetry depends on the position of the optical phonon energy relative to the electronic continuum. The results are compared to available data for p-doped Si.     

Study of the d-f Emission,and f-d Ground-State and Excited-State Absorption of Nd3+ in Crystals Using the Simple Model

The simplified model for 4f-5d transitions is applied to obtain the line strengths for emission, ground-state absorption and excited states absorption involving 4f-5d transitions of Nd³⁺ in crystals. The results are host independent for the usual case where 5d crystal-field interaction can be considered as strong, in the sense that the calculated 5d-4f emission relative line strengths will be the same for Nd³⁺ in any host. Also the calculated 4f-5d absorption line strengths can be grouped by the 5d crystal-field components. For each 5d crystal-field component, the group of absorption line strengths for different 4f²5d transition final states forms a pattern independent of the 5d crystal-field component and the host. For practical cases, due to strong but still limited 5d crystal-field splitting, the transitions to different 5d crystal-field components may overlap each other. The theoretical results are used to interpret available experimental data.     

Tl掺杂对InI禁带宽度和吸收边带影响的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,建立了未掺杂与不同浓度的Tl原子取代In原子的In1-xTlxI超胞模型,分别对模型进行了几何优化、能带分布、态密度分布和吸收光谱的计算.结果表明:Tl掺杂浓度越小,In1-xTlxI形成能越低,晶体结构越稳定;Tl的掺入使得InI体系导带向高能方向移动,而价带顶位置基本没变,导致禁带宽度变宽,InI吸收光谱出现明显蓝移现象.