35MeV/u 40Ar+197Au反应中热核的统计发射研究

利用硅半导体+CsI(T1)闪烁体望远镜测量35MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹⁹⁷Au中发射的轻带电粒子,用能谱斜率方法和双同位素产额比方法提取了核温度参量.研究了热核发射过程中的统计发射规律.     

25MeV/u 40Ar+natAg、209Bi反应中热核的温度和激发能测量

在25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+^natAg、²⁰⁹Bi反应中,用4个PPAC和11组望远镜完成了关联裂变碎片与发射轻粒子的符合测量,角关联描绘为两个被探测到碎片折叠角θ_ff的函数,线性动量转移〈LMT〉由测量到的角关联推出.将符合测量得到的对应于不同窗的后角轻带电粒子能谱用Maxwell分布来拟合其谱的后沿,经过一些修正,由能谱得到热核的初始温度T_int,在考虑反应Q值和预平衡发射的修正之后,可以得到不同窗所对应的激发能.实验结果表明,在⁴⁰Ar+^natAg、²⁰⁹Bi反应的中心碰撞中激发能分别为4.2、2.4MeV/u,而温度达6.1、5.5MeV,在半中心碰撞中激发能为3.5、1.9MeV/u,温度可达5.8、4.8MeV.     

30MeV/u40Ar+112,124Sn反应中的同位素产额比与核温度

系统研究了30MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+^112,124Sn反应中的轻粒子同位素产额比随角度和初始激发能的变化关系.对于两个反应体系,均观察到³He/⁴He和⁶Li/⁷Li的产额比随角度的增加而增加,⁶He/⁴He和⁸Li/⁷Li随角度的增加而减小.统计发射的运动学效应不能完全符合实验结果.各种单同位素产额比与靶核的N/Z比有关,表现出同位旋效应,而由双同位素比提取的核温度几乎没有靶核相关性.     

核温度测量与粒子能量的关系

提取了30MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+natAg反应中后角出射的同位素(^6,7Li,^3,4He)产额比温度为5MeV.观察到这一同位素产额比温度随阈值能量E_cut/A的增加而逐渐由5MeV上升到6MeV.为进一步研究这一变化关系,用Monte Carlo方法模拟了热核蒸发粒子的过程,表明随粒子能量的增加,发射该能量粒子的发射源平均温度也在增加.说明高温热核发射高能量粒子的几率大.     

25MeV/u 40Ar+93Nb反应中热核的激发能和核温度

利用半导体望远镜探测器和PPAC对25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+⁹³Nb反应中的带电粒子和余核进行了关联测量,对所得α粒子能谱用三源模型进行了拟合,并由余核飞行时间和粒子多重性得到热核激发能.通过对温度的修正,发现在本实验中有激发能E^*/A为4.3MeV,温度T_init为6.9MeV的热核形成.通过与其它实验结果的对比可以看出核物质在轻系统和重系统中行为的差异.     

46.7MeV/u 12C轰击197Au、115In、58Ni靶时产生的复杂碎片

用气体电离室-半导体位置灵敏探测器望远镜测量了46.7MeV/u ¹²C离子轰击¹⁹⁷Au,¹¹⁵In,⁵⁸Ni靶时,在大角区发射的从Li到Mg的复杂碎片能谱;由各碎片的能谱提取了蒸发源的温度和碎片发射的最可几动能Ep,并与=V_coul+2T计算的平均动能进行了比较,发现实验上提取的最可几动能E_p总是低于计算的.用A.Friedman简单的统计公式对复杂碎片的产额进行粗糙拟合,拟合结果令人满意.     

46.2MeV/u 12C+64Ni、58Ni反应中发射的轻粒子和复杂碎片

用光二极管读出的CsI(Tl)闪烁探测器和多叠层硅望远镜,测量了46.2MeV/u ¹²C引起各种靶⁶⁴Ni、⁵⁸Ni、¹²C、¹⁹⁷Au、²⁰⁹Bi反应中所发射的轻粒子和中等质量碎片,这些探测器对轻粒子和中等质量碎片有很好的能量分辨和质量分辨.单举的能谱用运动源模型进行了分析,对各种靶在不同角度的中等质量碎片的产额进行了比较.由单举数据推出同位素产额比随靶质量变化的系统性,讨论了N/Z自由度的平衡.     

30MeV/u 40Ar引起的反应中核温度参数的提取

利用同位素产额比方法,提取了30MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar轰击⁵⁸Ni,⁶⁴Ni和¹¹⁵In的反应中中等质量碎片(IMFs:3≤Z≤8)的发射体的核温度参数,给出了“表观”温度与一些物理量的依赖关系以及对边馈(side-feeding)效应的影响进行修正后的温度参数. 并就此进行了简单的讨论.     

25MeV/u6He+9Be反应的轻粒子发射

在25MeV/u ⁶He与⁹Be靶的反应中,107°和128°处明显地观察到了轻粒子发射.粒子能谱形状与平衡热源蒸发相一致,分析得到热源的核温度为完全熔合条件下的5.6MeV或非完全熔合条件下的5.2MeV .实验发现发射氚的数量特别大,这可能与目前广泛研究的⁶He的集团结构和同位旋效应有关.     

25MeV/u 40Ar+209Bi裂变反应的断点激发能和裂变时标测量

对25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+²⁰⁹Bi非完全熔合反应中形成的热核,测量了与裂变碎片相符合的α粒子能谱,用运动源模型分解α粒子能谱得到了裂变断前和断后发射α粒子多重性.由断后碎片发射α粒子多重性得到断点激发能约为172.5MeV.由断前α粒子多重性得到激发能在470—600MeV范围内的热核的裂变时标约为4×10^－21S.     

27Al+27Al耗散反应中间双核系统的核温度

从²⁷Al+²⁷Al耗散反应产物的激发函数中提取能量相干宽度Г,再求出双核系统的核温度T,并用相干转动的概念进行以合与解释.     

Study of Proton Resonances in ~(22)Mg by Resonant Elastic Scattering of ~(21)Na+p and Its Astrophysical Implication in ~(18)Ne(α,p)~(21)Na Reaction Rate

Proton resonant states in ~(22)Mg have been investigated by the resonant elastic scattering of ~(21)Na+p.The ~(21)Na beam with a mean energy of 4.00 MeV/u was separated by the CNS radioactive ion beam separator(CRIB) and bombarded a thick(CH_2)_n target.The energy spectra of recoiled protons were measured at scattering angles of θ_(cm)～172° and 146°,respectively.A new state at 7.06 MeV has been observed clearly and another new one at 7.28 MeV is tentatively identified due to its low statistics.The proton resonant parameters were deduced from an R-matrix analysis of the differential cross section data.The astrophysical resonant reaction rate for the ~(18)Ne(α,p) ~(21)Na reaction has been estimated,and it is about five times larger than that assumed before.     

Screening effects on ~(12)C+~(12)C fusion reaction

One of the important reactions for nucleosynthesis in the carbon burning phase in high-mass stars is the ~(12)C+~(12)C fusion reaction. In this study, we investigate the influences of the nuclear potentials and screening effect on astrophysically interesting ~(12)C+~(12)C fusion reaction observables at sub-barrier energies by using the microscopic α-αdouble folding cluster(DFC) potential and the proximity potential. In order to model the screening effects on the experimental data, a more general exponential cosine screened Coulomb(MGECSC) potential including Debye and quantum plasma cases has been considered in the calculations for the ~(12)C+~(12)C fusion reaction. In the calculations of the reaction observables, the semi-classical Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin(WKB) approach and coupled channel(CC)formalism have been used. Moreover, in order to investigate how the potentials between ~(12)C nuclei produce molecular cluster states of ~(24)Mg, the normalized resonant energy states of ~(24)Mg cluster bands have been calculated for the DFC potential. By analyzing the results produced from the fusion of ~(12)C+~(12)C, it is found that taking into account the screening effects in terms of MGECSC is important for explaining the ~(12)C+~(12)C fusion data, and the microscopic DFC potential is better than the proximity potential in explaining the experimental data, also considering that clustering is dominant for the structure of the ~(24)Mg nucleus.     

18O+148Nd的准弹性碰撞研究和耦合道分析

用Q3D磁谱仪及其焦面探测器系统,在90.72MeV处测量了¹⁸O+¹⁴⁸Nd的弹性散射和非弹性散射角分布,利用DWBA和耦合反应道计算程序FRESCO,对实验结果进行了拟合.在对弹性散射分析中,引入极化势的DWBA计算与耦合道计算有类似的结果.讨论了非弹性散射激发过程中的核–库仑激发的相干效应,得出了描述相干强度的近似因子.     

35MeV/u~(40)Ar ~(197)Au中的熵产生

根据量子统计模型 (QSM )的计算分析 ,找到了一个提取核反应过程中熵产生的新的可观测量 .核反应过程中约化d的产额d/ (d t 3 He 4 He)和熵有单调的函数关系 ,并且和体系的碎裂密度 (ρ/ ρ0 )及体系的N/Z都无关 ,可以作为提取核反应过程中熵产生的一个观测量 .和目前已经有的其他方法相比 ,约化d产额这一提取熵方法可以用于较低能量的重离子核反应中 ,并且数据处理分析简单 .对于 35MeV/u4 0 Ar 197Au的核反应过程所提取的熵和利用约化带电粒子多重性提取的熵结果一致 .结合后角类靶热核发射体系实验提取的同位素核温度为 4 7±1 2MeV及S/A =2 5± 0 5 ,根据熵和核温度的关联关系 ,可以确定其Breakup密度接近但小于 0 1(ρ/ ρ0 )     

钠、硼酸盐玻璃的11B变温核磁共振研究

本文应用变温¹¹B核磁共振技术研究了RNa₂O·B₂O₃玻璃体系在室温和300℃时硼原子的配位情况。结果表明,当R>0.5时,四配位硼原子数随温度的上升而减少。因此,玻璃态结构也可能随温度变化而改变。     

~(129)Xe核自旋极化转移增强分子的核磁共振信号

激光极化的12 9Xe核具有极高的非平衡极化度和长的弛豫时间 ,这一特点使得它能够极化转移增强液体、固体或者固体表面分子中原子核自旋极化。因而 ,提高了它们的核磁共振探测灵敏度和扩展了在材料和表面科学研究中的应用。综述激光极化12 9Xe核与其它分子中原子核之间的极化转移研究与进展 ,介绍相关物理机制和参数的测量。     

Langevin study of neutron emission in the reactions ^16O＋^181Ta and ^19F＋^178Hf^＊

The pre-scission neutrons measured in the reactions 16O 181Ta and 19F 178Hf are studied via a Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model. We find that because of the mass asymmetry of different entrance channels, the spin distributions of compound nuclei would be different, consequently, the measured neutrons in these two reactions would also different. This means that the entrance channel will affect the particle emission in the fission process of hot nuclei.     

High-lying excited states in ~(10)Be from the ~9Be(~9Be,~(10)Be)~8Be reaction

A transfer-reaction experiment of ~9Be(~9Be,~(10)Be)~8Be was performed at a beam energy of 45 Me V.Excited states in ~(10)Be up to 18.80 Me V are produced using missing mass and invariant mass methods.Most of the observed high-lying resonant states,reconstructed from theα+~6He and t+~7Li decay channels,agree with the previously reported results.In addition,two new resonances at 15.6 and 18.8 Me V are identified from the present measurement.The 18.55 Me V state is found to decay into both the t + ~7Lig:s: and t + ~7Li?(0.478 MeV) channels, with a relative branching ratio of 0:93 ± 0:33. Further theoretical investigations are encouraged to interpret this new information on cluster structure in neutron-rich light nuclei.     

Bremsstrahlung neutrino energy loss for ~(24)Mg,~(28)Si,~(32)S,~(40)Ca,~(56)Fe in strong electron screening

Based on Weinberg-Salam theory the bremsstrahlung neutrino energy loss for nuclei 24Mg,28Si,32S,40Ca and 56Fe are investigated in strong electron screening.Our results are compared with those of Dicus' and show that the latter are higher by 2 orders of magnitude in the density-temperature region of 108 g/cm3 ρ/μe 1011 g/cm3 and 2.5 T9 4.5.On the other hand,the factor C shows that the maximum differences are 99.16%,99.13%,99.12%,99.055%,99.040% corresponding to the nuclei 24Mg,28Si,32S,40Ca and 56Fe.