六氰合铁酸铜钴在蜡浸石墨电极表面的电化学沉积

首次报道了电化学沉积的混合金属六氰合铁酸盐修饰电极作为电流型传感器的研究。针对六氰合铁酸盐修饰电极在中性和碱性条件下的不稳定性，采用混合金属电沉积的方法，成功地提高了电极的稳定性，所得到的修饰电极在 ｐＨ ４～１０之间均表现出良好的稳定性。该电极的响应时间（ｔ９５％）为 ０．５ｓ，并对Ｆｅ３＋／Ｆｅ２＋电对表现出良好的电催化作用。催化氧化峰电流与Ｆｅ２＋的浓度在１．０×１０－４～６．５×１０－２ｍｏｌ/Ｌ范围内呈很好的线性关系，检测下限为 １．４×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

六氰合铁酸锰铬修饰电极的制备及其电化学行为

应用循环伏安法在活化玻碳电极(GCE)表面制备六氰合铁酸锰铬(MnCrHCF)膜修饰电极(MnCrH-CF/GCE)并研究其电化学性质.探讨影响膜电沉积的因素,研究pH值以及不同支持电解质等制备条件对该修饰电极性能的影响,优化制备工艺,分析其反应机理.     

固体六氰合铁酸钴微粒在聚电解质中的现场显微红外光谱电化学

报道了六氰合铁酸钴（COHCF）微粒在聚电解质中的光谱电化学及电催化行为．CoHCF的循环伏安呈现一对可逆氧化还原峰，电位扫速在100mV／s范围内，峰电流与扫速成正比．现场红外光谱表明，氧化还原属于CoHCF中的Fe（Ⅱ／Ⅲ）的转化CoHCF微粒可以催化抗坏血酸的氧化，使氧化电位负移，氧化电流增大．根据现场红外光谱推测，催化作用是通过抗坏血酸的烯酸基与CoHCF相互作用实现的．     

固体六氯合铁酸钴微粒在聚电解质中的现场显微红外光谱电化学

报道了六氰合铁酸钴（ＣｏＨＣＦ）微粒在聚电解质中的光谱电化学及电催化行为，ＣｏＨＣＦ的循环伏安呈现一对可逆氧化还原峰，电位扫速在１００ｍＶ／ｓ范围内，峰电流与扫速成正比，现场红外光谱表明，氧化还原属于ＣｏＨＣＦ中的Ｆｅ（Ⅱ／Ⅲ）的转化，ＣｏＨＣＦ微粒可以催化抗坏血酸的氧化，使氧化电位负移，氧化电流增大，根据现场红外光谱推测，催化作用是通过抗坏血酸的烯醇基与ＣｏＨＣＦ相互作用实现的。     

六氰合铁酸铜钴-多壁碳纳米管修饰电极研究

采用电沉积方法制备六氰合铁酸铜钴-多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极(CuCoHCF-MWCNTs/GCE).研究碳纳米管用量、电解液组成对该修饰电极性能的影响.结果表明,与单一的六氰合铁酸铜钴薄膜修饰电极相比,六氰合铁酸铜钴-多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极具有更优良的电化学特性,以其催化氧化过氧化氢,峰电流与过氧化氢浓度在3.16×10-5～2.92×10-3mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为ip(μA)=0.5529+1.1299C(×10-4mol·L-1),相关系数r=0.9966,检出限为1.75×10-5mol·L-1.     

扫描电化学显微镜及其在界面电化学研究中的应用

对扫描电化学显微镜(Scanning Electrochemical Microscope，SECM)的发展及其在界面电化学中的研究应用进行了评述。介绍了SECM的工作原理以及常用的操作模式，并对SECM在液／液界面、固／液界面等方面的应用进行了总结。     

扫描电化学显微镜及其最新进展

对扫描电化学显微镜技术的基本原理,仪器设备,最新的研究进展和发展展望进行了评述。     

纳米六氰合铁酸铜化学修饰丝网印刷电极对H2O2 电催化性能的研究

采用TiO2溶胶-凝胶法在丝网印刷电极上制备了纳米六氰合铁酸铜修饰电极。研究了修饰电极的电化学性质。该电极对H2O2的电氧化过程有明显的催化作用。电流密度较常规六氰合铁酸铜化学修饰电极提高约3倍。通过测量该氧化电流可以对1.0×10-6~6×10-5mol/L H2O2进行测定。     

鲁米诺—六氰合铁（Ⅱ）酸钾—铁（Ⅲ）化学发光反应体系的研究与应用

微量铁的测定方法已有许多报道,其中较为理想的分析方法是邻二氮菲比色法和磺基水杨酸比色法。近年来,随着测试技术的提高和新试剂的应用,测铁的灵敏度在不断提高。如荧光熄灭法和催化吸光光度法。其检出限可达2×10~(-8)g·ml~(-1)。但这些方法条件苛刻且测定的线性范围窄。Seitz等利用Fe(Ⅲ)催化鲁米诺-过氧化氢的化学发光反应,测铁的灵敏度已达2×10~(-10)g·ml~(-1)。但该方法中,除Fe(Ⅲ)外,其它金属离子共存时同样有催化作用,干扰大。因而事先大多需要分离。本文对鲁米诺-六氰合铁(Ⅱ)酸钾-铁(Ⅱ)化学发光反应体系的研究,发现在碱性介质中痕量Fe(Ⅲ)对鲁米诺-六氰合铁(Ⅱ)酸钾的化学发光反应有很强的催化作用,且发光强度与Fe(Ⅲ)浓度在较宽范围内呈良好的线性关系。由此建立了一个灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简便、快速,对共存金属离子无需分离的测铁新方法。此法应用于大米、乳粉及水样中铁量测定,结果与邻二氮菲比色法测定结果一致。     

扫描电化学显微镜直接电沉积法构建葡萄糖氧化酶微米点

利用自制的凹形电极在铂基底电极上直接构建了葡萄糖氧化酶微米点. 首先, 将电聚合和电化学刻蚀法相结合制备了凹形铂微米电极. 然后将此种电极作为参比及辅助电极, 基底铂电极作为工作电极, 利用葡萄糖氧化酶在合适的条件下(浓度、一定量Triton X-100存在、电极电位等)由于电极表面pH的降低可以在铂电极上电沉积这一特性, 将酶固定在铂基底电极上, 微修饰得到了具有活性的葡萄糖氧化酶微米点. 最终用扫描电子显微镜和扫描电化学显微镜对所得微米点进行了表征. 所得微米点直径约20 μm, 且具有催化活性. 该方法简便, 干扰因素较少.     

Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Individual Catalytic Nanoparticles

Electrochemistry at individual metal nanoparticles (NPs) can provide new insights into their electrocatalytic behavior. Herein, the electrochemical activity of single AuNPs attached to the catalytically inert carbon surface is mapped by using extremely small (≥3 nm radius) polished nanoelectrodes as tips in the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). The use of such small probes resulted in the spatial resolution significantly higher than in previously reported electrochemical images. The currents produced by either rapid electron transfer or the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction at a single 10 or 20 nm NP were measured and quantitatively analyzed. The developed methodology should be useful for studying the effects of nanoparticle size, geometry, and surface attachment on electrocatalytic activity in real‐world application environment.     

Alternating Current Measurements in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy,Part 2: Detection of Adsorbates

A scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) in ac mode is used for the characterisation of the adsorption process during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in sulfuric acid solution. It is shown that this technique allows quantitative analysis of the adsorption process, and measurements of the differential capacitance with the frequency as parameter are obtained. The time constant for relaxation of adsorbed hydrogen (H_ads) is approximately 2 Hz, and analysis of the Nyquist plot allows direct evaluation of the charge involved. In addition, the direct comparison of the usual electrochemical impedance data and ac‐SECM results obtained simultaneously permits characterisation of processes occurring at the surface and in solution.     

Imaging Local Proton Fluxes through a Polycarbonate Membrane by Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and Functionalized Alkanethiols

A new application of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to probe the transport of protons through membranes is described. Herein, a probe ultramicroelectrode (UME) is modified with a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid to qualitatively image areas within different pH regions above a track‐etched membrane. The current response of the modified electrode in the presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate as electroactive component is different in acidic and alkaline solutions. Depending on the pH value of the solution, the SAM‐covered electrode exposes either a neutral or a negatively charged insulating monolayer at pH 3 or 7, respectively, which leads to an increase/decrease in the faradaic current due to electrostatic interactions between the neutral/charged surface and the charged redox mediator. Therefore, local pH changes in the close vicinity of a membrane‐like substrate lead to different current responses recorded at the tip electrode when scanning above the surface.     

扫描电化学显微镜在光电能源研究领域的应用

作为一种扫描探针技术,扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)在金属防腐、材料表征、生物医学和新能源技术等领域的研究中扮演着重要角色。本文简要介绍了SECM的基本工作原理和常用的两种工作模式:反馈模式和收集/产生模式;综述了SECM在太阳能电池和太阳光解水制氢两个光电能源研究领域的应用进展,同时结合课题组的工作基础,特别是近期利用SECM筛选合适金属离子掺杂改性WO₃光阳极的工作,对SECM在筛选半导体电极材料方面的应用特点进行了实例展示介绍,最后简要总结了SECM在光电能源研究领域的发展及方向。     

Progress in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy by Coupling with Electrochemical Impedance and Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful technique for performing quantitative measurements at a local scale. This paper covers the development of combinations of SECM with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Basic aspects are described and potential applications reported by several research groups are covered. The unique advantages of the coupled techniques—with additional information being obtained from each coupling—are also discussed.     

Non‐destructive Patterning of Carbon Electrodes by Using the Direct Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Patterning of glassy carbon surfaces grafted with a layer of nitrophenyl moieties was achieved by using the direct mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to locally reduce the nitro groups to hydroxylamine and amino functionalities. SECM and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that potentiostatic pulses applied to the working electrode lead to local destruction of the glassy carbon surface, most likely caused by etchants generated at the positioned SECM tip used as the counter electrode. By applying galvanostatic pulses, and thus, limiting the current during structuring, corrosion of the carbon surface was substantially suppressed. After galvanostatic patterning, unambiguous proof of the formation of the anticipated amino moieties was possible by modulation of the pH value during the feedback mode of SECM imaging. This patterning strategy is suitable for the further bio‐modification of microstructured surfaces. Alkaline phosphatase, as a model enzyme, was locally bound to the modified areas, thus showing that the technique can be used for the development of protein microarrays.     

Analytical Expressions for Quantitative Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), is a recent analytical technique in electrochemistry, which was developed in the 1990s and uses microelectrodes to probe various surfaces. Even with the well‐known disc microelectrodes, the system geometry is not as simple as in regular electrochemistry. As a consequence even the simplest experiments, the so‐called positive and negative feedback approach curves, cannot be described with exact analytical expressions. This review gathers all the analytical expressions available in the SECM literature in steady‐state feedback experiments. Some of them are claimed as general expressions, other are presented as approximate. Their validity is discussed in the light of the current understanding and computer facilities.     

Alternating‐Current Measurements in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy,Part 1: Principle and Theory

The development of the scanning electrochemical microscope in ac mode is presented from both experimental and theoretical point of views. The experiments are performed with the ferri/ferrocyanide redox mediator as model system. Based on analysis of the frequency‐dependent collection efficiency, diffusion between the probe and the substrate is investigated, and analysis of time constants allows evaluation of the size of the sensing area under investigation. The experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations.     

扫描电化学显微镜技术近期进展

本文较详细地介绍了扫描电化学显微镜技术的近期进展,引用参考文献77篇。