近红外光谱法测定缓释制剂中冰片释放量

利用近红外光谱技术与化学计量学方法建立了冰片缓释样品近红外光谱与冰片浓度之间的定量模型,以实现冰片释放量的快速测定。配制与缓释制剂具有相同物质体系的的冰片醇水溶液,获取其近红外光谱,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立冰片含量预测模型并考察了图谱类型、建模样品浓度及建模区间对校正模型和预测结果的影响。结果表明采用原始近红外光谱,在5 314～7 032 cm-1区间,将样品按照中高浓度、低浓度范围建模可以获得最佳校正结果与预测结果。最后采用所建的中高浓度区模型测定了冰片包合物在醇水体系中冰片含量,实现了对缓释制剂冰片累加释放量的快速测定,可为冰片缓释制剂的研发快速提供评价数据。     

80-400K热容测定装置及纯银和环氧丙烷热容

简述一套80—400K温区内精密测定固体和液体物质热容的量热装置结构及其标定结果,并报道用此装置所测定的纯银及环氧丙烷两种物质的实验热容值.     

两种研究复摆特性实验的误差分析

本文以石河子大学理学院力学实验室为例,介绍了利用FB210C型复摆实验仪和钢板刀架复摆装置研究复摆特性的详细过程,并对两种测定结果进行对比和分析,讨论了两种实验装置的数据处理及不确定度的评定方法,分析了测量过程中的误差来源及减小误差的方法。     

简易测量柔性材料线胀系数的方法

介绍了一种简易测定柔性材料线胀系数的实验装置和测量方法.利用原有FD-LE线膨胀系数测定仪,使用圆珠笔中的弹簧、笔芯和笔头制作了材料和千分表的连接装置,并利用改进后的仪器测量了几种柔性材料的线胀系数.     

利用迈克耳孙干涉原理测杨氏模量

利用迈克尔孙干涉原理,采用一种独特的加力装置,对拉伸金属丝的微小伸长量进行精确测量,从而可以准确地测定金属丝的杨氏模量。     

LNG冷能空分系统多工况操作的分析

空分装置是高耗能过程,系统所需的温度比LNG温度还低,因此空分装置不仅使LNG冷能得到最佳利用,同时也大大降低了系统能耗。文中针对LNG夜间输气负荷降低、LNG冷量波动影响空分装置连续稳定性操作的问题,通过改变冷能空分装置的操作参数,在变负荷和产品分布等工况下进行系统的分析,揭示空分装置随LNG冷量负荷变化的系统能量的分布和利用率,从而指导空分装置如何在LNG冷能供应波动时,改变装置生产负荷及气液产品量,来维持空分装置连续稳定运行。     

金属及涂层法向热发射率的测定与检验

本文介绍了两种简易的法向热发射率测定装置. 第一种是E·Schmidt氏装置的简化与改进,它是基于测定待测物体表面的本身热辐射;第二种是基于测定待测表面对一个热辐射源辐射的反射率而间接地确定热发射率.对这两种装置的工作原理分别作出了近似的理论分析,列出了实验数据.经使用表明,这两种装置操作方便,性能稳定,可用于表面热发射率的检测.     

用ICP光量计分析环境、地质样品的最新经验

本文着重讨论了在作者试验室里用BAIRD多道ICP光量计在分析环境、地质及其它有关样品时的样品处理、样品导入和光谱干扰。讨论了使用基体改进剂GMK导入悬浮体样品到雾化器分析粉末样品。文中提出了一种新型雾化器-氢化物发生装置可用于同时测定能形成氢化物和非氢化物元素。同时也报导了使用该装置所得的初步结果。     

非探针近场光学显微镜的成像实现

介绍一种非探针近场光学显微镜，并对它的图像实现过程及处理方法进行了讨论。该装置以阿达玛变换成像理论为基础，用纳米多孔编码板代替光纤探针获得了较高的光学信噪比。成像研究表明，该装置可对近场衰逝波分量进行有效探测并能实现超衍射极限成像，为近场光学探测研究提供了一种新的思路。     

用光纤的激光斑点方法测量速度

阐述一种测量平面速度的光学装置,用光纤将激光聚焦在物体上,然后这种装置用动态光斑效应测定速度。特别是根据光纤的移动研究不同光纤对光斑形成的影响。而且由于检测光斑使用的孔径对测量信号有影响,我们还找到了一种最佳的孔径值。用一种简单的电子电路处理与物体速度成比例的测量值。     

Quantification of color alteration in human teeth with optical coherence tomography

It is necessary to develop a laboratory model to evaluate tooth discoloration, because there are several limitations to assessment methods at present stage. Therefore, in this letter, we report the results from a pilot study on using optical coherence tomography imaging method to quantify color alteration in the human teeth treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching in vitro. Quantitative comparison of chromogens reduction in dental tissue showed that near infrared attenuation coefficient (μ) increased for enamel with the bleaching passage time and diminution for dentine. Therefore, the precise detection of the change in attenuation coefficient is can accurate quantitative chromogens alteration in tooth. OCT has a potential to become a useful tool for the assessment color alteration in human teeth.     

A novel surface cleaning method for chemical removal of fouling lead layer from chromium surfaces

Most products especially metallic surfaces require cleaning treatment to remove surface contaminations that remain after processing or usage. Lead fouling is a general problem which arises from lead fouling on the chromium surfaces of bores and other interior parts of systems which have interaction with metallic lead in high temperatures and pressures. In this study, a novel chemical solution was introduced as a cleaner reagent for removing metallic lead pollution, as a fouling metal, from chromium surfaces. The cleaner aqueous solution contains hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as oxidizing agent of lead layer on the chromium surface and acetic acid (CH₃COOH) as chelating agent of lead ions. The effect of some experimental parameters such as acetic acid concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration and temperature of the cleaner solution during the operation on the efficiency of lead cleaning procedure was investigated. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that using this procedure, the lead pollution layer could be completely removed from real chromium surfaces without corrosion of the original surface. Finally, the optimum conditions for the complete and fast removing of lead pollution layer from chromium surfaces were proposed. The experimental results showed that at the optimum condition (acetic acid concentration 28% (V/V), hydrogen peroxide 8% (V/V) and temperature 35 °C), only 15-min time is needed for complete removal of 3 g fouling lead from a chromium surface.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, EPR and electrochemical studies of copper(II) dipicolinate complex with 2,2′-dipyridylamine ligand

The (2,2′-dipyridylamine)(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato)copper(II) trihydrate complex was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic (IR, UV-vis, EPR), X-ray diffraction technique and electrochemical methods. The copper(II) center is surrounded by one bidentate 2,2′-dipyridylamine (dpa) and one tridentate dipicolinate (dpc) ligand, and exhibits a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The crystal packing involves both hydrogen-bonding and π-π interactions. The solvent water molecules link monomers to one another through hydrogen-bonding interactions, forming ladder-type chains in the ab plane. π-π interactions also occur between the dpa rings of neighboring molecules and are responsible for interchain packing. Based on EPR and optical absorption studies, spin-Hamiltonian and bonding parameters have been calculated. The g-values, calculated for title complex in polycrystalline state at 298 K and in frozen DMF (110 K), indicate the presence of the unpaired electron in the d_x²-y² orbital. The evaluated metal-ligand bonding parameters showed strong in-plane σ- and π-bonding. The cyclic voltammogram of the title complex investigated in DMF (dimethylformamide) solution exhibits only metal centered electroactivity in the potential range ±1.25 V versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode.     

Degradation of C.I. Acid Orange 7 by the advanced Fenton process in combination with ultrasonic irradiation

The combination of ultrasound and the advanced Fenton process (AFP, zero-valent iron and hydrogen peroxide) for the degradation of C.I. Acid Orange 7 was studied. The effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration, initial pH, ultrasonic power density, dissolved gas, and iron powder addition on the decolorization of C.I. Acid Orange 7 was investigated. A modified pseudo-first order kinetic model was used to simulate the experimental results. The results showed that the decolorization rate increased with the increase of hydrogen peroxide concentration and power density, but decreased with the increase of initial pH value. There existed an optimal iron powder addition when decolorization rate was concerned. The decolorization efficiency also increased with the increase of hydrogen peroxide concentration, but decreased with the increase of initial pH value. It varied little at different power densities or iron powder additions at the fixed hydrogen peroxide concentration. The presence of dissolved gas would enhance color removal, and the enhancement was more significant when dissolved oxygen was present. More hydrogen peroxide dosage and reaction duration are required to achieve a relatively high COD removal than those employed to simply break the chromophore group.     

Bleaching effect of a 405-nm diode laser irradiation used with titanium dioxide and 3.5% hydrogen peroxide

A 405-nm diode laser has recently been developed for soft tissue problems in dentistry. A new in-office bleaching agent consisting of a titanium dioxide photocatalyst and 3.5% hydrogen peroxide has proven to react well with light irradiated at a wavelength of around 400 nm. In this study, we evaluated the bleaching efficacy of a newly developed 405-nm diode laser on bovine teeth treated with a bleaching agent composed of titanium dioxide and 3.5% hydrogen peroxide. Sixteen bovine incisors were randomly divided into two groups: Group A, irradiated by the 405-nm diode laser at 200 mW; Group B, irradiated by the 405-nm diode laser at 400 mW. The bleaching agent with titanium dioxide and 3.5% hydrogen peroxide was applied to bovine enamel and irradiated for 1 min. The specimens were then washed and dried, and the same procedure was repeated nine more times. After irradiation, we assessed the effects of bleaching on the enamel by measuring the color of the specimens with a spectrophotometer and examining the enamel surfaces with a scanning electron microscope. L* rose to a high score, reaching a significantly higher post-treatment level in comparison to pretreatment. In a comparison of the color difference (ΔE) between Group A and Group B, the specimens in Group B showed significantly higher values after 10 min of irradiation for the post-treatment. No remarkable differences in the enamel surface morphology were found between the unbleached and bleached enamel. The use of a 405-nm diode laser in combination with a bleaching agent of titanium dioxide and 3.5% hydrogen peroxide may be an effective method for bleaching teeth without the risk of tooth damage.     

A novel amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on pyrrole-PAMAM dendrimer modified gold electrode

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized into an electrochemically prepared copolymer of pyrrole–PAMAM (PAMAM; polyamidoamine) dendrimers for the construction of amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor. First, second, and third generation amidoamine–pyrrole dendrons having branched amine periphery and focal pyrrole functionality were synthesized via divergent pathway. Pyrrole dendrimers were covalently attached onto the electrode surface and polymerized by electrochemical copolymerization with pyrrole monomer. The synthesized dendrimers and copolymers have been characterized by FTIR-ATR and NMR. These copolymers have been utilized as conducting films for amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensing. The HRP retains its bioactivity after immobilization into the dendronized pyrrole-copolymers. Amperometric response was measured as a function of concentration of hydrogen peroxide, at fixed potential of +0.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl in a phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.5). The effect of pH and temperature of the medium, storage, and reusability properties were investigated. The results indicate an efficient immobilization of enzyme onto the PAMAM type dendrimer modified surface containing pyrrole monomer, which leads to high enzyme loading, and increased lifetime stability of the electrode.     

BPR氧化减色法测定过氧化氢亨利常数

利用冷阱收集气-液平衡管出来的气相过氧化氢,以及氯化血红素(Hemin)催化下溴邻苯三酚红(bromopyrogallolred,BPR)被过氧化氢氧化减色的分光光度法检测,测定了温度依赖的过氧化氢亨利常数。在10~35℃的范围内,过氧化氢亨利常数KH(mol·L-1·atm-1)表达为lnKH=a/T-b,其中a=7269±22,b=13·26±0·08,T为温度(K)。过氧化氢溶解焓ΔH为60·43±0·18kJ·K-1·mol-1。     

Vanadium isotopic composition of the sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)

Vanadium (V) in the sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) from Onagawa Bay, Miyagi, Japan, was isolated and purified through adsorption on a diamine resin and anion and cation exchanges after the dissolution of sea squirt samples with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The (50)V/(51)V isotope ratio of V thus obtained was mass-spectrometrically determined to be from 2.51×10(-3) to 2.55×10(-3) with the average of 2.53×10(-3) by the thermal ionisation technique. This value agreed with those of vanadyl chloride and vanadyl nitrate both prepared from vanadyl sulphate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan) and of V in coastal seawater (Shimokita Peninsula, Aomori, Japan) within experimental uncertainties (standard deviation of±0.04), which suggested that no appreciable V isotope fractionation occurs accompanying V uptake by the sea squirt from sea water.     

The potential optical coherence tomography in tooth bleaching quantitative assessment

In this paper, we report the outcomes from a pilot study on using OCT functional imaging method to evaluate and quantify color alteration in the human teeth in vitro. The image formations of the dental tissues without and with treatment 35% hydrogen peroxide were obtained by an OCT system at a 1310 nm central wavelength. One parameter for the quantification of optical properties from OCT measurements is introduced in our study: attenuate coefficient (μ). And the attenuate coefficient have significant decrease (p < 0.001) in dentine as well as a significant increase (p < 0.001) in enamel was observed during tooth bleaching process. From the experimental results, it is found that attenuate coefficient could be useful to assess color alteration of the human tooth samples. OCT has a potential to become an effective tool for the assessment tooth bleaching. And our experiment offer a now method to evaluate color change in visible region by quantitative analysis of the infrared region information from OCT.     

Investigation on the transition crystal of ordinary rutile TiO2 powder by microwave irradiation in hydrogen peroxide solution and its sonocatalytic activity

The transition crystal TiO(2) catalyst with high sonocatalytic activity was obtained utilizing the microwave irradiation in hydrogen peroxide solution. At the same time a series of affecting factors (microwave irradiation time, heat-treated time and heat-treated temperature) to prepare the TiO(2) catalyst on the sonocatalytic degradation of parathion were considered in this paper. The ultrasound of low power was used as an irradiation source to induce treated TiO(2) particles to perform catalytic activity. The results show that the sonocatalytic activity of the transition crystal TiO(2) powder is obviously higher than those of pure ordinary rutile and anatase TiO(2) powders. At last, the parathion in aqueous solution was degraded completely and became some simple inorganic ions such as NO(3)(-), PO(4)(3-), SO(4)(2-), etc. The degradation ratio of parathion in the presence of the transition crystal TiO(2) catalyst attains nearly 80% within 60 min ultrasonic irradiation, while corresponding ones are only 65.23% and 53.88%, respectively, for pure ordinary rutile and anatase TiO(2) powders.