Interaction of ethylene with Ti(III) ions in supported organotitanium catalysts

The interaction of ethylene with Ti(III) ions in ethylene polymerization catalysts prepared by the interaction of Ti(CH₂C₆H₅)₄ with silica has been studied by the ESR method. It has been found that at low temperatures (120 K) ethylene is reversibly adsorbed on titanium ions with further ethylene insertion into the Ti–C bond upon increasing temperatures.

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Ti(III) , Ti(CH₂C₆H₅)₄ . , (120°K) Ti–C.

     

Study on the thermal behaviours of homo- and copolymers of styrene,MA and AN by thermogravimetry

The thermal behaviours of polystyrene (PS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polystyrene-co-methylacrylate [P(S: MA)](alternate and random), polystyrene-co-acrylonitrile [P(S: AN)] (alternate) and a terpolymer of styrene, methylacrylate and acrylonitrile [P(S: MA: AN)] are discussed on the basis of non-isothermal thermogravimetric studies. The thermal stabilities of the copolymers have been found to be intermediate between of those of the individual homopolymers. The stability of the [P(S: AN)] copolymer is higher than those of the individual homopolymers. The activation energy values are also in accordance with the thermal behaviours of these polymers.

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Zusammenfassung Basierend auf nicht-isotherme thermogravimetrische Untersuchungen wurde das thermische Verhalten von Polystyrol [PS], Polymethacrylat [PMA], Polyacrylnitril [PAN], Polystyrol-co-methacrylat [P(S: MA)] (alternierend und random), Polystyrolco-acrylnitril [P(S: AN)] (alternierend) sowie eines Mischpolymeren von Styrol, Methacrylat und Acrylnitril [P(S: MA: AN)] untersucht. Die thermische Stabilität der Kopolymeren liegt zwischen denen der individuellen Homopolymeren. Die thermische Stabilität des Kopolymeren [P(S: AN)] ist höher als die der individuellen Homopolymeren. Die Werte der Aktivierungsenergie sind ebenfalls in Übereinstimmung mit dem thermischen Verhalten dieser Polymere.

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, , , , ( ), (- ), --. , . - . .

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Presented at the 3rd National Symposium on Thermal Analysis held at VSSC, Trivandrum (India), November, 1981     

ESR studies of T3+ complexes formed in the catalytic system TiCl2(acac)1+Et2AlCl and their interaction with ethylene, carbon monoxide and pyridine

Coordination state of Ti³⁺ions formed in the homogeneous catalytic systems TiCl₂(acac)₂+Et₂AlCl, and its changes upon interaction with ethylene, carbon monoxide and pyridine have been studied by ESR.

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Ti³⁺, TiCl₂(acac)₂=Et₂AlCl, , .

     

Oxidative coupling of 5-membered heterocyclic compounds catalyzed by palladium(II)

Coupled heterocycles (bithiophenes, bifurans, furyl thiophenes) have been obtained in high yields via the reaction of thiophene and furan with palladium salts in solution at 50–100°C.

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50–100° (, , ) .

     

Vinylation of 5-membered heterocycles by ethylene in the presence of palladium(II)

The reaction between ethylene and 5-membered heterocyclic compounds (thiophene, furan, furfural) in solution in the presence of a palladium salt at 25–100°C and atmospheric pressure is found to give good yields of 2-vinyl derivatives of the heterocycles indicated.

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5- (, , ) 25–100° 2- .

     

Oxidative dehydrodimerization of aromatic hydrocarbons on oxide catalysts

It has been shown that in contrast to benzene, toluene can readily participate in reactions of oxidative coupling. The inertness of benzene is explained by the absence of mobile hydrogen atoms in -position with respect to the unsaturated bond.

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, , . - .

     

Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of bis(acetylacetonato)-cobalt(II) by cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of pyridine

Stoichiometric reaction of bis(acetylacetonato) cobalt(II) with cumene hydroperoxide in chloroform solutions containing added pyridine has been studied by the PMR method.

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() Co(II) , .

     

Further evidence for the substitution mechanism of 2-propanol dehydration on alumina

The mechanism of adsorption of 2-propanol on alumina, as the first step of its dehydration to propene and water, has been studied by determination of active hydrogen concentration on the surface of the catalyst and by oxygen isotope exchange in water at 150°C. The results confirmed the adsorption of the alcohol by substitution of the surface hydroxy groups and with displacement of water which contains the oxygen atom and at least one hydrogen atom from the surface.

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2- , , , 150°C. , , , - , .

     

γ-Fe2O3 in Produkten der Thermischen Zersetzung von Eisen(III)-Akrylat und Eisen(III)-polyakrylat

Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wurden die Darstellungsmethode von Eisen(III)-akrylat und Eisen(III)-polyakrylat sowie die grundsätzlichen physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften derselben beschrieben. Die genannten Verbindungen wurden bei freiem Luftzutritt im Temperaturbereich von 120–600° erwärmt. Zwecks Identifizierung der in den Pyrolyseprodukten auftretenden ferromagnetischen Phasen, wurden Untersuchungen der magnetischen Suszeptibilität, der spezifischen Magnetisierung und der chemischen Zusammensetzung durchgeführt. Auch wurde die röntgenographische Analyse angewandt. In Präparaten die bei Temperaturen von 320–460° dargestellt wurden, konnte die Anwesenheit von- Fe₂O₃ festgestellt werden. Ein maximaler Gehalt dieser Phase trat im Temperaturbereich von 420–440° auf.

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Methods of preparation and some physico-chemical properties of iron(III) acrylate and iron(III) polyacrylate are described. These two compounds undergo transformations when heated in air from 120 up to 600°, resulting in a ferromagnetic modification of iron oxide (-Fe₂O₃) in the range 320–460°, and in-Fe₂O₃ at higher temperatures. In the case of Fe(III) acrylate the maximum specific magnetization reveals the product to be obtained at 440°; with Fe(III) polyacrylate this property is observed at 420°.

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Résumé On décrit les méthodes de préparation ainsi que quelques propriétés physicochimiques de l'acrylate de fer(III) et du polyacrylate de fer(III). Chauffés dans l'air, ces deux composés subissent entre 120 et 600° des transformations dues à la transformation ferromagnétique de l'oxyde de fer (-Fe₂O₃) entre 320 et 460° et à celle de-Fe₂O₃ à plus haute température. Dans le cas de l'acrylate de fer(III) le produit obtenu est mis en évidence par un maximum d'alimentation spécifique à 440°. Celui-ci s'observe à 420° dans le cas du polyacrylate de fer(III).

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- — (III). 120–600° (-Fe₂O₃) 320–460°. -Fe₂O₃. (III) 440°, (III) - 420°.

     

Chemisorption of oxygen on phosphates

The amounts of oxygen chemisorbed at p, T=const. on the surface of Ag^I, Mn^II, Fe^III, Bi^III and Al^III, phosphate decrease with increasing ionization potential (I_i) of the cation. This permits the approximate prediction of chemisorption ability towards oxygen for non-conducting oxy-salts with the same anionic group.

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, Ag^I, Mn^II, Fe^III, Bi^III Al^III I_i, . .

     

Ru(III) catalyzed oxidation of acetanilide and substituted acetanilides by potassium iodate in aqueous acetic acid medium at constant ionic strength

The order with respect to [Ru(III)] is unity while zero order with respect to [IO₃ ^–] and complex dependence on [substrate] have been observed. The variation of [HClO₄] and solvent composition have no pronounced effect on the rate. A plausible mechanism is suggested.

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[Ru(III)], [IO₃ ^–] . CClO₄ . .

     

Monooxygenase activity of immobilized iron(III) porphyrins

New silica-immobilized iron(III) porphyrin systems possessing monooxygenase activity in aniline oxidation to p-aminophenol, have been found. The catalytic activity depends on both the porphyrin structure and coordination by an axial ligand. The maximum activity in this reaction is observed for imidazol-coordinated hemin. The hydroxylation in the above system is shown to follow a non-radical mechanism.

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— , -. , , . , . , .

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This term refers to catalysis with the formation of monooxygenated products using dioxygen oxidants     

Thermogravimetric study of diatomites

The thermal curves of diatomites (kieselguhrs) in air display different profiles, depending on the type and quantity of impurities (carbonates, clays, etc.) present. TG and DTG runs can be used for a quick diagnosis of quality, but also give a nearly quantitative picture of the silica content of these minerals.

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Zusammenfassung In Abhängigkeit von Art und Menge der Verunreinigungen (Karbonate, Tonerde usw.) weisen die thermischen Kurven von Diatomiten (Kieselguhr) in Luft unterschiedlichen Verlauf auf. Einfache TG- und DTG-Untersuchungen können als Schnelldiagnose zur Bestimmung der Qualität benutzt werden und geben ausserdem noch ein nahezu quantitatives Bild über den Silikatgehalt dieser Mineralien.

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( ) , (, . .). , .

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The authors acknowledge the financial support of this work by the Comisión Asesora de Investigatión Cientifica y Técnica, Spain, through Project No. PR84-0151.     

Effect of the dielectric constant on the reactivity of alkyl and polychloroalkyl radicals in addition and substitution reactions

Generalized data for the effect of reaction medium on the elementary steps of radical homo-and cotelomerization of olefins with carbon tetrachloride are generalized.

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.

     

Addition of acetic acid to styrene catalyzed by ion exchanger

The possibility of preparation of 1-phenylethyl acetate by direct addition of acetic acid to styrene catalyzed by Ostion KS in the acid cycle has been investigated. The reaction is accompanied by the formation of higher molecular compounds. The effect of temperature, mole ratio of the starting compounds, stabilization of styrene, amount of the catalyst and of its repeated use on the reaction rate and selectivity of the process has been examined. In the case of some economic application of higher-molecular side products the process could be used on a technical scale.

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1- , . . , , . , .

     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of RuIII-EDTA complex catalyzed oxidation of diethylamine and triethylamine with molecular oxygen

The kinetics of oxidation of diethyl and triethylamine with molecular oxygen catalyzed by Ru^III (EDTA-H) (H₂O) complex has been studied at different temperatures (25–45 °C at pH 2.0 (=0.5 M KCl) as a function of amine concentration. The thermodynamic (G⁰, H⁰ and S⁰) and the activation parameters (H and S) for the reaction were computed.

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- , Ru^III (EDTA-H) (H₂O) (25–45°C) pH=2 (=0,5 M KCI) . (G⁰, H⁰ S⁰), (H S).

     

UV spectroscopic study of oxidized and reduced palladium loaded zeolites

UV and visible reflectance spectra of Pd(II) ion exchanged zeolites have been recorded before and after hydrogen reduction. The reduction was performed either at 25°C (60% reduction) or at 500°C. Reoxidation by oxygen at 400°C restored the initial Pd(II) ions only in the case of the sample reduced at low temperature. With nitric oxide, reoxidation occurred even at 25°C, regardless of the temperature of reduction, The Pd(II) ions were redispersed in the zeolite lattice through the formation of nitrosyl complexes.

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Pd(II) . 25°C ( 60%) 500°C. 400°C Pd(II) , . 25°C ; Pd(II) .

     

Kinetics of competitive addition of methyldichlorosilane to 1-hexene and to acetone

The competitive addition of methyldichlorosilane (MDChS) to 1-hexene and acetone^** has been studied. The estimated relative constant is effective and depends on acetone concentration and does not obey the Arrhenius temperature equation. A possible explanation is the complexation of methlydichlorosilyl radicals by acetone molecules.

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, 1- , -, . - .

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Initiated by -irradiation of⁶⁰Co.     

Mössbauer study of the thermal decompositions of alkaline earth tris(oxalato)ferrates(III)

The thermal decompositions of alkaline earth tris(oxalato)ferrates(III) (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) have been studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy and other techniques. During the thermal decomposition, dehydration occurs first, followed by reduction to iron(II) species, and oxides and ferrites (MFe^IIIO₄) are then formed at higher temperature. In the case of strontium tris(oxalato)ferrate(III), strontium ferrite (SrFe^IVO₄) is formed at 700°.

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Zusammenfassung Die thermische Zersetzung von Tris(oxalato)ferraten(III) der Erdalkalimetalle (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) wurde durch Mössbauer-Spektroskopie und andere Techniken untersucht. Im Verlaufe der thermischen Zersetzung verläuft zunächst die Dehydratisierung, gefolgt von der Reduktion zu Eisen(II)-Species. Oxide und Ferrite (MFe^IIIO₄) werden danach bei höheren Temperaturen gebildet. Strontium-tris(oxalato)-ferrat(III) geht bei 700 °C in Strontiumferrit (SrFe^IVO₄) über.

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() () , , ë . , , MFe^IIIO₄. 700° SrFe^IVO₄.