辅助配体对噌啉类铱配合物光电性能的影响

合成了2种新的噌啉类铱配合物(dpci)_2Ir(paz)和(dpci)_2Ir(taz)(dpci=3,4-二苯基噌啉,paz H=5-(2′-吡啶基)-3-三氟甲基-吡唑,taz H=5-(2′-吡啶基)-3-三氟甲基-1,2,4-三唑),通过核磁共振氢谱和氟谱及高分辨质谱对其结构进行了确定,同时对其光电性能进行了表征。结果表明在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(1%,w/w)中(dpci)_2Ir(paz)和(dpci)_2Ir(taz)的发光波长分别为616和612 nm,相对参比铱配合物(dpci)_2Ir(pic)的波长(625 nm)有了较大蓝移,发光量子效率也由16.1%提高到了51.9%和32.5%。改进辅助配体后,材料的稳定性明显提高,使其能用蒸镀法制备有机电致发光器件。基于(dpci)_2Ir(paz)的器件发光为纯红光,CIE色坐标为(0.66,0.34),最大亮度为2 054 cd·m~(-2),最大电流效率为8.5 cd·A~(-1)。基于(dpci)_2Ir(taz)的器件最大亮度为2 931 cd·m~(-2),最大电流效率为14.5 cd·A~(-1)。     

一种可旋涂的磷光铱（Ⅲ）配合物的合成及其在OLED器件中的性能

以1-（6-（9-咔唑基）己基）-2-苯基咪唑（Czhpi）为主配体,2-（5-（4-氟苯基）-1,3,4-三唑）吡啶（fpptz）为辅助配体,合成了一种溶解性好的可用于湿法旋涂制备有机电致发光器件的磷光铱（Ⅲ）配合物（Czhpi）₂Ir（fpptz）。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、发射光谱、低温磷光光谱及热重分析对其光物理性质和热稳定性进行了研究。将配合物（Czhpi）₂Ir（fpptz）掺杂在1,3-二唑-9-基苯（mCP）中,作为发光层,经湿法旋涂制备了有机发光二极管器件。结果显示,该器件的最大电致发光谱峰位于523 nm,最大电流效率约5.74 cd·A^-1,最大功率效率为2.88 lm·W^-1,色坐标显示在（0.31,0.41）附近。     

含氟绿光铱配合物的设计、合成及其高效磷光电致发光器件

以2-(3-(2',4'-二氟苯基)苯基)吡啶(Hdfbppy)为环金属C^N配体,乙酰丙酮(Hacac)为辅助配体,设计合成了一种绿色磷光铱配合物(Ir(dfbppy)₂(acac));研究了此配合物的光物理性质及其电致发光器件性能。室温下,配合物Ir(dfbppy)₂(acac)的二氯甲烷溶液的最大发射波长为520nm,量子效率为71%,寿命为381ns。将此配合物掺杂在4,4'-N,N'-二咔唑基二联苯(CBP)中,作为发光层制备了有机发光二极管器件。结果显示,该器件在7.2V电压下呈现的最大亮度为68324cd·m^-2,最大电流效率约为53cd·A^-1,最大功率效率为37lm·W^-1,色坐标为(0.33,0.62)。     

含三氟乙酰苯基喹啉配体的铱配合物的合成及其电致发光性能

通过2-(4'-三氟乙酰苯基)-4-苯基喹啉(tfapqH)与三氯化铱反应生成了二氯桥中间体,然后用吡啶-2-甲酸(picH)解离得到双环金属铱配合物Ir(tfapq)₂pic。Ir(tfapq)₂pic在二氯甲烷中的发光波长为584 nm,量子产率约为0.846,磷光寿命为1.211 μs,比没有三氟乙酰修饰的铱配合物波长蓝移的10 nm,量子效率提高了约5%,磷光寿命降低了0.286 μs,辐射跃迁加快,半波宽度降低了约26%,色纯度提高。其HOMO能级为-5.405 eV,LUMO能级为-3.277 eV,能级相对于未修饰的配合物都有所降低,且HOMO降低更明显,总的效果是能级差增加。Ir(tfapq)₂pic 10%的热失重温度为301 ℃,比未修饰铱配合高近50 ℃。当Ir(tfapq)₂pic以2%质量浓度掺杂于PVK-PBD中做成电致发光器件时的效率最高,电致发光波长为594 nm。器件的启明电压为7.3 V,最大亮度为8 571 cd·m^-2,最大外量子效率为12.65%,对应的流明效率为22.14 cd·A^-1。色坐标是(0.58,0.40)。     

新型铱配合物的合成及电致发光性质研究

合成了一种新型橙红色磷光材料铱的配合物(npp)₂Ir(acac)(npp=2-(1-萘基)-4-苯基吡啶，acac=乙酰丙酮)，通过 ¹H NMR、MS、元素分析对其结构进行了表征。以铱配合物(npp)₂Ir(acac)作为发光体，制备了结构为ITO/Ir(5%)：PVK(60 nm)/F-TBB(15 nm)/Alq₃(15 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(150 nm)的电致发光器件，研究了其电致发光性质。结果表明器件的最大发射波长在599 nm，最大发光亮度为3 841 cd·m^-2，最大电流效率达3.9 cd·A^-1。     

含三氟乙酰苯基喹啉配体的铱配合物的合成及其电致发光性能

通过2-(4'-三氟乙酰苯基)-4-苯基喹啉(tfapqH)与三氯化铱反应生成了二氯桥中间体,然后用吡啶-2-甲酸(picH)解离得到双环金属铱配合物Ir(tfapq)₂pic。Ir(tfapq)₂pic在二氯甲烷中的发光波长为584 nm,量子产率约为0.846,磷光寿命为1.211 μs,比没有三氟乙酰修饰的铱配合物波长蓝移的10 nm,量子效率提高了约5%,磷光寿命降低了0.286 μs,辐射跃迁加快,半波宽度降低了约26%,色纯度提高。其HOMO能级为-5.405 eV,LUMO能级为-3.277 eV,能级相对于未修饰的配合物都有所降低,且HOMO降低更明显,总的效果是能级差增加。Ir(tfapq)₂pic 10%的热失重温度为301 ℃,比未修饰铱配合高近50 ℃。当Ir(tfapq)₂pic以2%质量浓度掺杂于PVK-PBD中做成电致发光器件时的效率最高,电致发光波长为594 nm。器件的启明电压为7.3 V,最大亮度为8 571 cd·m^-2,最大外量子效率为12.65%,对应的流明效率为22.14 cd·A^-1。色坐标是(0.58,0.40)。     

两种含醛基的铱配合物用于半胱氨酸和OH-的识别

以4,4''-二溴-2,2''-联吡啶（dbr-bpy）为中性配体,分别以6-苯基烟醛（L1）、6-（4-三氟甲基苯基）吡啶-3-甲醛（L2）为环金属配体合成了2种Ir （Ⅲ）配合物[Ir （L1）₂（dbr-bpy）]PF₆（Ir1）和[Ir （L2）₂（dbr-bpy）]PF₆（Ir2）,并通过核磁共振波谱和质谱对其结构进行了表征。在乙腈溶液中配合物Ir1和Ir2的发射波长分别为584和530 nm,发光量子效率分别为49%和66%。电化学测试和理论计算表明,环金属配体中CF₃的引入,可以降低最高占据分子轨道（HOMO）的能级,从而使氧化电位向正极移动。配合物Ir1和Ir2与半胱氨酸（Cys）均以1∶2的比例结合,发生磷光猝灭响应,同时表现出良好的抗干扰能力,检出限分别为35.1和18.5 μmol· L^-1。将OH^-加入配合物Ir2的DMSO/H₂O （7∶3,V/V）溶液中,OH^-取代配合物中性配体上的溴取代基,使配合物Ir2的发射峰蓝移,溶液发光颜色由黄色变为绿色,发光强度提升4倍。     

两个磷光铱配合物的合成和性质研究

由于具有P=O键,二（二苯基膦酰）胺（tetraphenylimidodiphosphinateacid,Htpip）作为辅助配体引入Ir（Ⅲ）配合物中,可以提高配合物的电子迁移率和器件的效率。采用氟取代的2-（4-氟苯基）吡啶（F₄-ppy）为主配体、以Htpip和三氟甲基取代的Htfmtpip为辅助配体合成了2个铱配合物Ir（F₄-ppy）₂（tpip）和Ir（F₄-ppy）₂（tfmtpip）。晶体结构中Ir原子的配位几何构型均为八面体构型,Ir（F₄-ppy）₂（tpip）属于正交晶系Pbca空间群,而Ir（F₄-ppy）₂（tfmtpip）属于单斜晶系P2₁/c空间群。配合物都具有较好的热稳定性,Ir（F₄-ppy）₂（tpip）和Ir（F₄-ppy）₂（tfmtpip）的初始分解温度分别为385和395℃。配合物Ir（F₄-ppy）₂（tfmtpip）的氧化和还原峰较配合物Ir（F₄-ppy）₂（tpip）分别向正电压移动了大约0.134和0.12V,相应的HOMO和LUMO能级分别降低了0.14和0.43eV。在室温、1×10^-5mol·L^-1的CH₂Cl₂溶液中Ir（F₄-ppy）₂（tpip）和Ir（F₄-ppy）₂（tfmtpip）的最大磷光发射峰分别位于492和495nm,量子效率分别为9.2%和16.4%。结果表明在辅助配体上引入4个三氟甲基后不仅可以提高配合物的热稳定性和电化学稳定性,并且可以调控配合物的HOMO/LUMO能级和发光效率。     

基于面式-三(2-(4-三氟甲基苯基)吡啶)合铱配合物为发光中心的高效绿光有机电致发光器件

用经典的方法合成了面式-三(2-(4-三氟甲基苯基)吡啶)合铱配合物(fac-Ir(tfmppy)₃), 并得到了其晶体结构。在CH₂Cl₂溶液中Ir(tfmppy)₃的发射光谱显示出了峰值位于525 nm的π→π^*跃迁吸收以及金属到配体电荷转移(MLCT)吸收, 色坐标(CIE)为(0.31, 0.62), 量子效率计算为4.59%(以Ru(bpy)₃]Cl₂为参照)。以Ir(tfmppy)₃为发光中心, 制备并研究了有机电致发光器件:ITO/TAPC (60 nm)/Ir(tfmppy)₃ (x%):mCP (30 nm)/TPBi (60 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm)。4%掺杂浓度的器件在4 197 cd·m^-2的亮度下显示的最大电流效率为33.95 cd·A^-1, 在12.7 V时的最大亮度为43 612 cd·m^-2, 色坐标(CIE)为(0.31, 0.61)。利用瞬态电致发光法(transient electroluminescence (EL))、在1 300 (V·cm^-1)^1/2的电场强度下Ir(tfmppy)₃配合物的电子迁移率测定为4.24×10^-6 cm²·(V·s)^-1。非常接近于常用的电子传输材料八羟基喹啉铝(Alq₃)的电子迁移率。     

以5-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-3-羧酸为配体的钴共晶配合物的合成、晶体结构及电化学性质

采用溶剂热法合成了一种新型的钴（Ⅱ）基配合物,即{[Co（Hppc）₂][Co₂（4,4''-bipy）（H₂O）₄]（SO₄）₂·2H₂O}_n （1）,其中H₂ppc=5-（3-吡啶基）-1H-吡唑-3-羧酸,4,4''-bipy=4, 4''-联吡啶。配体H₂ppc是由吡啶环、吡唑环和羧基共同组成,同时兼具了刚性和柔性。通过单晶X射线衍射对配合物1进行了结构测定。结果显示所合成的配合物1结晶在单斜晶系C2/c空间群,包括2个晶体学独立部分：二维层状[Co（Hppc）₂]和一维链状[Co₂（4,4''-bipy）（H₂O）₄]^2-,并形成具有{4⁴·6²}{4}₂拓扑网络结构的共晶化合物。此外,配合物1呈现出良好的电化学发光（ECL）性能以及良好的超级电容器性能。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.