海豹油成分及其脂肪酸的色谱分析

本文用高压液相色谱对海豹油的主要组分进行定性、定量分析；利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪定性分析了海豹油脂中的脂肪酸部分，并以硬脂酸为内标，用气相色谱方法对海豹油脂肪酸各组分进行了定量分析，分析结果表明海豹油中油脂部分占92％，烯醛类气味物质占6％；海豹油脂中不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的82％以上，而且富含γ-亚麻酸。为开发海豹油，从海豹油中分离除去其中气味物质-烯醛类方法的选择提供了依据。     

红橘油中脂肪酸组成的 GC-MS分析

用正己烷溶解达川和万县产的两种红橘油,将样品皂化和甲酯化后,以毛细管柱DB－WAX作为分离柱,用气相色谱－质谱法测定其中的脂肪酸组成,两种红橘油的主要脂肪酸成分有明显的差别,两者的不饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别为92．1％及76．7％。     

酸枣仁油中脂肪酸的色谱分析

酸枣仁含油高达31.8％,但对酸枣仁油组成的分析未见报道。本文首次用毛细管气相色谱法对酸枣仁油中的脂肪酸进行了定性和定量分析。     

气相色谱法与麻油纯度试验法在芝麻油掺伪鉴定中的应用

用气相色谱法和麻油纯度试验法对芝麻油掺伪情况进行分析。用气相色谱法分析脂肪酸组成,测定植物油中的主要脂肪酸,来确定是何种油或掺入其它何种植物油;麻油纯度试验法用于定量。两者可结合起来使用。     

快速酯化气相色谱法分析山苍子中的脂肪酸

快速酯化气相色谱法分析山苍子中的脂肪酸许鸿生，周巧龙（湘潭大学化学系湘潭４１１１０５）关键词气相色谱法，山苍子种子油，脂肪酸，快速酯交换山苍子是一种木本油料植物，我国山苍子油资源丰富，为了合理开发利用，本文分析了其脂肪酸成分。有关山苍子种子油脂肪酸成...     

烤鳗油的脂肪酸组成及其利用价值

用ＧＣ－ＭＳ法测定了烤鳗油脱腥前后的脂肪酸组成,并对其利用价值进行了评价。实验结果表明,经高温减压水蒸汽蒸馏脱腥处理后,烤鳗油中不饱和脂肪酸含量占其脂肪酸总量的７０％,二十碳五烯酸（ＥＰＡ）和二十二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ０含量分别达４．０１％和７．７３％。利用烤鳗油的结构特点,有可能开发出一系列特殊的保健品。     

海棠果种子油脂肪酸成分研究

用乙醚萃取海棠果种子油,油脂皂化后的脂肪酸采用三氟化硼-甲醇溶液进行甲酯化.采用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术分离、鉴定出7种主要脂肪酸,进一步采用气相色谱法定量测定脂肪酸,分别为肉豆蔻酸0.02%,软脂酸8.64%,硬脂酸8.96%,油酸37.7%,亚油酸20.1%,亚麻酸0.38%,二十碳酸0.85%.结果表明,海棠果种子油不饱和脂肪酸质量分数高达58%,值得作为不饱和脂肪酸食用油来源开发.     

葡萄籽油中脂肪酸组成的气相色谱分析

本文用快速酯交换法代替常规的脂肪酸甲酯的制备方法,对葡萄籽油进行酯化,并利用计算机自编程序,对色谱分离条件进行了最佳选择,从而使葡萄籽油中脂肪酸得到满意的分离和测定。     

GC／MS法分析鳗鱼骨油的脂肪酸

用乙醚／已烷混合溶剂抽提鳗鱼骨油，用ＫＯＨ－ＣＨ_３ＯＨ酯交换法甲酯化，以毛细管色谱／质谱方法测定脂肪酸的组成。共检出２７种脂肪酸，其中以棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、花生烯酸为主。     

哈士蟆油中脂肪酸的GC、GC-MS分析

用气相色谱（ＧＣ）与气相色谱－质谱（ＧＣ－ＭＳ）联用技术对哈士蟆油中的脂肪酸组成进行了定性与定量分析,共鉴定出１０种脂肪酸并用气相色谱法作了定量,对所得的结果进行了讨论。     

Clean synthesis of biodiesel over solid acid catalysts of sulfonated mesopolymers

FDU-15-SO₃H, a solid acid material prepared from the sulfonation of FDU-15 mesoporous polymer, has been demonstrated to serve as an efficient catalyst in the esterification of palmitic acid with methanol as well as in the transesterification of fatty acid-edible oil mixture. FDU-15-SO₃H achieved an acid conversion of 99.0% when the esterification was carried out at 343 K with a methanol/palmitic acid molar ratio of 6:1 and 5 wt% catalyst loading. It was capable of giving 99.0% yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) when the transesterification of soybean oil was performed at 413 K and the methanol/oil weight ratio of 1:1. FDU-15-SO₃H was further applied to the transesterification/esterification of the oil mixtures with a varying ratio of soybean oil to palmitic acid, which simulated the feedstock with a high content of free fatty acids. The yield of FAME reached 95% for the oil mixtures containing 30 wt% palmitic acid. This indicated the sulfonated mesopolymer was a potential catalyst for clean synthesis of fuel alternative of biodiesel from the waste oil without further purification.     

Oil composition and some morphological characters of Crambe orientalis var. orientalis and Crambe tataria var. tataria from Turkey

Native Crambe orientalis var. orientalis and Crambe tataria var. tataria collected from Kahramanmaras flora were morphologically examined and seed oil composition was determined. Volatile acid and fatty acid composition of seeds were examined with GC and GC/MS and the ratio of volatile acids to total oil was 3.49% in C. orientalis and 17.49% in C. tataria. The ratio of fatty acids to total oil was 92.03 and 67.28% in C. orientalis, and C. Tataria, respectively. The amount of erucic acid was 39.29% in C. orientalis and 29.87% in C. tataria. High linolenic acid (21.21%) and linoleic acid (12.42%) was found in C. orientalis oil, and high linolenic acid (15.01%) and linoleic acid (9.00%) was also found in C. tataria oil.     

Fatty Acid Composition of Tobacco Seed Oil and Synthesis of Alkyd Resin

The fatty acid composition of tobacco seed oil revealed that the oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, having linoleic acid （71.63%）, oleic acid （13.46%） and palmitic acid （8.72%） as the most abundant unsaturated and saturated fatty acids respectively. So the tobacco oil was characterized as semi-drying type on the basis of fatty acid composition. The synthesis of alkyd resin was carried out by alcoholysis or monoglyceride process using an alkali refined tobacco seed oil, pentaerythritol, cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride along with lithium hydroxide as catalyst. The alkyd resin so prepared was found to be bright and of low color with high gloss. The drying and hardness properties and adhesion of the tobacco seed oil derived alkyd resin were also found a bit superior to those of other alkyd resins of the same oil length. In addition, the water and acid resistance of the said alkyd was also found comparable to the other alkyds.     

Effect of dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance on collagen-induced platelet aggregation and serotonin release in rats

Male Sprague-Dawley rats at 3 weeks of age were weaned to a diet supplemented either with perilla seed oil [alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LnA)/linoleic acid (LA) = 3.66] or with safflower seed oil (alpha-LnA/LA less than 0.01) for 5-6 weeks. The eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio in platelet phospholipids was much higher in the perilla oil group than in the safflower oil group. Platelet aggregability determined turbidometrically varied greatly among individual animals, and the difference in platelet aggregability between the two dietary groups was relatively small when higher concentrations (15 and 20 micrograms/ml) of collagen were used. However, when platelet aggregability was determined as an all-or-none phenomenon at lower concentrations (7.5 and 10 micrograms/ml) of collagen, a very distinct difference was observed between the two dietary groups; aggregability was much lower in the perilla oil group than in the safflower oil group. Collagen-induced serotonin release from platelets was significantly reduced in the perilla oil group as compared with the safflower oil group. These results emphasize the importance of estimating aggregability at threshold concentrations of collagen and confirm that dietary manipulation of the essential fatty acid balance could be useful in reducing the thrombotic tendency.     

柴油溶剂中脂肪酶催化高酸值废油脂酯化制备生物柴油

采用0＃柴油作为反应溶剂,利用固定化脂肪酶催化高酸值废油脂与甲醇酯化反应制备生物柴油。来源于Candida antarctica的固定化脂肪酶Novozym435在0＃柴油溶剂中具有极高的催化活性。以酸价高达157×10-3的废油脂为原料,废油脂质量比10%的Novozym435,甲醇与废油脂初始摩尔比2∶1,0＃柴油与废油脂质量比5∶1,摇床摇速170r/min,50℃下反应2h甲酯化率可达95.10%。0＃柴油作为反应溶剂有效地溶解了高酸值废油脂和甲醇,降低了反应体系的黏度和消除了甲醇对Novozym435的负面影响,提高了Novozym435的稳定性。同时,0＃柴油溶剂对未脱胶废油脂中残留的对脂肪酶有害的磷脂等胶类物质具有一定的稀释作用。该工艺省却了溶剂蒸馏的繁琐工序,直接得到脂肪酸甲酯和石化柴油的混合燃料。     

D-异抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯的合成及其性能研究

L-抗坏血酸(VC)高级脂肪酸酯,是一类新型的脂溶性抗氧化剂,被广泛用于油脂、食品、医疗卫生、化妆品等领域。D-异抗坏血酸(即异VC)是L-抗坏血酸的异构体,与L-抗坏血酸相比较,被氧化的速度更快,价格更低,是近年来在国内外得到普遍使用的食品抗氧化剂。但是,由于溶解性的原因,D-异抗坏血酸不能用于动植物油的保鲜。如果也能将高级脂肪酸引入到D-异抗坏血酸分子中生成D-异抗坏血酸高级脂肪酸酯。     

酸化油固定床酶法合成生物柴油研究

酸化油是油脂工作中以皂脚、油脚经酸化处理得到的产品.它的主要成份是游离脂肪酸及中性油,是生产脂肪酸的重要原料,但生产过程中有水解废水的产生,若将其直接排放,既污染了环境又浪费了资源.     

Stabilization effects of carboxylate on pyrotechnic compositions including Mg powder in water

Magnesium powder is a common fuel in the field of pyrotechnics. The metal corrodes easily under wet conditions. This can lead to problems such as spontaneous ignition and deterioration of combustion performance when the powder is used in humid areas. For pyrotechnic compositions containing magnesium, harmful stabilizers are often used. In this study, we researched a less harmful replacement for the stabilizer and selected linseed oil, which is used as cooking oil. Experiments were conducted to examine linseed oil’s stabilization effects against magnesium corrosion when it is in contact with an oxidizer under humid conditions by coating magnesium powder and soaking it in aqueous oxidizer solutions. The oxidation of linseed oil led to its polymerization, because of which the stabilizing effect of linseed oil was lost. Stearic acid, which is a saturated fatty acid, was also examined for its stabilizing effects. Melted stearic acid was mixed with magnesium, and coating of stearic acid on magnesium particles was confirmed. The effect of stearic acid coating is more prominent than that of simple mixing of stearic acid with Mg. The stabilization effect of linseed oil and stearic acid coating shows that unharmful organic stabilizers can also be used in pyrotechnic compositions containing Mg.

     

痕量动物油和植物油的区分检验研究

采用碱催化甲酯化的前处理方法,应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对动物油和植物油的区分检验进行了研究。实验检出了6种主要脂肪酸:肉豆蔻酸、棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸。分析了动物油与植物油在成分及相对含量上的差异,并且找出了动物油和植物油在不饱和度上的差别。根据动物油与植物油的差异点,可以对动物油和植物油进行区分。