氢处理二氧化钛的光催化性能及电化学阻抗谱

通常可通过物理（浸渍法等）、化学方法（溶胶 -凝胶 ,电化学沉积法等）向光催化剂晶格中引入金属“小岛” ,以加速光生电子 -空穴的转移 ,提高改性后光催化剂的活性 [1].同时 ,运用物理和光电化学等手段研究半导体光催化剂的表面性质和光电化学性质 ,可以为评价这些改性光催化剂的活性和研究反应机理提供依据 [2,3].电化学阻抗谱 (EIS)方法是研究材料性质、化学 (特别是电化学 )过程和界面反应机理的有力工具 [4].本工作运用 EIS手段研究了纳米 TiO_2在氢气气氛下热处理后 TiO_2的阻抗谱特征同其光催化活性之间的关系 .1实验部分　　…     

金属卟啉化合物光催化反应研究(Ⅲ)─金属卟啉光助氧化甲醇动力学研究

研究了6种金属卟啉在有甲醇存在的脱气水或二甲基甲酰胺溶液中的光化学行为,当用高压汞灯照射时,金属卟啉被还原,同时甲醇被氧化成甲醛,以碘化四(对三甲胺基)苯基钴(Ⅲ)卟啉为例详细地研究了影响光助氧化甲醇反应的因素,并对反应机理进行了探讨。     

TiO_2光催化降解氯酚类有机污染物的反应机理

氯酚类有机污染物具有较高毒性、难生物降解和强生物累积性等特点,成为较受关注的一类优先控制污染物.我们总结了氯酚TiO2光催化降解机理研究方面的最新进展,阐述了直接光解、·OH氧化、1O2氧化、O(3P)氧化、O2·氧化、导带电子还原和表面络合物电子转移等氯酚光降解途径与机理.重点讨论了O2在氯酚吸附、光催化降解乃至矿化过程中的重要作用.     

超声-光催化降解水中有机污染物

超声-光催化是一项近年发展起来的废水处理的新型高级氧化技术。该技术利用超声的空化效应、自由基效应以及机械效应强化光催化的催化效能,实现超声和光催化对水中有机污染物的协同降解。本文从水中有机污染物的超声-光催化降解机理、降解动力学、影响因素（光催化剂类型和投加量、超声频率和强度、溶液pH值、温度、反应物初始浓度、溶解性气体和离子强度）和反应器类型（悬浮型、固定床型）4个方面介绍了相关研究进展,提出了目前存在的主要问题,并展望了超声-光催化降解水中有机污染物的发展方向。     

利用FTIR光谱仪研究PU／PMMA IPN初期反应动力学

本文用FTIR光谱仪研完聚醚聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PU/PMMA)互穿聚合物网络(IPN)的初期反应动力学.实验结果表明:该体系IPN在生成过程中动力学不同步是造成相容性较差的原因之一,提高反应温度和增加PMMA的引发剂用量有利于反应同步进行.增加PMMA的含量,使PU反应速度加快是PMMA"溶剂效应”的结果;增加PU含量,使PMMA反应速度减慢是PU的“笼壁效应”结果.聚醚聚氨酯及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯初期反应均属一级反应动力学.     

TiO2悬浮体系光催化降解反应动力学模型的建立

以纳米材料TiO2作为光催化剂,乙酰甲胺磷（DMAPT）作为目标化合物,在DGF－1型多功能光化学反应仪上研究了悬浮体系TiO2光催化降解反应的动力学模型,模型中的主要参数有：TiO2用量、入射光强、反应器的几何半径、反应器的经验参数、反应物初始浓度、羟基自由基二级速率常数及已知化合物的物理性质（分子的摩尔体积和溶解度）。模型较好地预测了其他化合物（如三氯乙烯（TCE)、四氯乙烯（PCE0、对－二氯苯（DCB）和四氯化碳（CTC）的光催化降解,对C0（TCE）＝22.1mg/L,C0(PCE)=20mg/L和C0(PCE)=40mg/L的反应物,完全降解所需的时间分别为3,4和5min,入射光强在1.38－6.05W/cm^2范围时,反应速率与光强的0.5次方成正比,催化剂最佳用量随着入射光的增强而增加。     

TiO2光催化反应机理及动力学研究进展

光催化处理环境污染物是基于催化反应过程中的一些自由基对污染物的氧化或还原作用，反应途径通常是HO·攻击或穴直接攻击，对可见光敏感的化合物也可能通过激发态来分解。动力学的表述多数符合L－H模式，广泛研究了L－H模式下的吸附与催化活性的关系，对动力学的研究也是了解其反应机理的重要途径。     

钠盐溶液中U(Ⅵ)的电化学电子转移与晶化研究

采用循环伏安法分析钠盐溶液中U(Ⅵ)的电化学行为,恒电位电化学还原处理U(Ⅵ),利用交流阻抗谱分析电化学还原反应中的过程动力学特性,利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和电子能谱等方法分析了U(Ⅵ)的电化学晶化.结果表明,在钠盐溶液中,U(Ⅵ)可通过电化学反应先还原成低价的U(V)并进一步还原为U(Ⅳ),U(Ⅳ)一步氧化为U(Ⅵ),U(Ⅳ)/U(Ⅵ)之间的电化学转化过程受扩散控制,且U(Ⅵ)的电化学电子转移易受环境p H值的影响;恒电位还原4 h时,溶液中U(Ⅵ)的去除率可达90%,U(Ⅵ)的结晶固化产物主要以固态的(UO2)6O2(OH)8·6H2O(水铀矿)和UO2的形式附着在工作电极上.     

电催化界面和反应的电化学阻抗谱研究：经典永不褪色

本文章综述了电催化领域电化学阻抗谱（EIS）的相关研究. 首先概述了从二十世纪初到现在这一专业领域的发展历史. 然后介绍了电催化阻抗理论的几个里程碑. 其中,着重介绍了目前分析电催化EIS数据的主流模型——Dolin-Ershler模型. 之后,具体讨论了铂金单晶的双电层电容,特别是围绕这一基础课题的实验和理论上的挑战. 我们质疑采用Dolin-Ershler模型获取稀溶液中双电层电容的合理性. 因为在稀溶液中,双电层效应使得双电层电容具有频散特性,因而双电层电容的低频部分在分析过程中可能被遗失了. 未来,我们期待看到新的实验去证明或反驳一个最近的理论预测,即铂电极在氧化物生成电位区域中具有非单调表面电荷关系和负双电层电容.     

TiO2光催化反应机理及动力学研究进展

光催化处理环境污染物是基于催化反应过程中的一些自由基对污染物的氧化或还原作用,反应途径通常是HO·攻击或穴直接攻击,对可见光敏感的化合物也可能通过激发态来分解。动力学的表述多数符合L－H模式,广泛研究了L－H模式下的吸附与催化活性的关系,对动力学的研究也是了解其反应机理的重要途径。     

Reactions in the Photocatalytic Conversion of Tertiary Alcohols on Rutile TiO2(110)

According to textbooks, tertiary alcohols are inert towards oxidation. The photocatalysis of tertiary alcohols under highly defined vacuum conditions on a titania single crystal reveals unexpected and new reactions, which can be described as disproportionation into an alkane and the respective ketone. In contrast to primary and secondary alcohols, in tertiary alcohols the absence of an α‐H leads to a C?C‐bond cleavage instead of the common abstraction of hydrogen. Surprisingly, bonds to methyl groups are not cleaved when the alcohol exhibits longer alkyl chains in the α‐position to the hydroxyl group. The presence of platinum loadings not only increases the reaction rate but also opens up a new reaction channel: the formation of molecular hydrogen and a long‐chain alkane resulting from recombination of two alkyl moieties. This work demonstrates that new synthetic routes may become possible by introducing photocatalytic reaction steps in which the co‐catalysts may also play a decisive role.     

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Measurements of Sexithiophene—Effect of the Electrode Nature and the Dopant (CuCl2) Content

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) measurements of sexithiophene (6T) were carried out according to the Pt/6T/M sandwich structure configuration, for various electrode materials (M＝GC, ITO, Ag, Cu, Al) and for different doping levels of copper chloride (CuCl2). The results demonstrate that two types of charge transport are involved in the redox process at the electrode/6T interface and inside the bulk oligomer. The complex-plane impedance plots obtained for various doping levels of CuCl2 exhibit arc shapes. The charge-transfer resistance measured from the diagrams decreases systematically with the addition of the salt, leading to an increase of the oligothiophene conductivity.     

Chemical oscillation in electrochemical oxidation of methanol on Pt surface

Based on dual path reaction mechanism, a nonlinear dynamics model reflecting the potential oscilla- tion in electrooxidation of methanol on Pt surface was established. The model involves three variables, the electrode potential (e), the surface coverage of carbon monoxide (x), and adsorbed water (y). The chemical reactions and electrode potential were coupled together through the rate constant ki = exp(ai(e ? ei)). The analysis to the established model discloses the following: there are different kinetics be- haviors in different ranges of current densities. The chemical oscillation in methanol electrooxidation is assigned to two aspects, one from poison mediate CO of methanol electrooxidation, which is the in- duced factor of the chemical oscillation, and the other from the oxygen-containing species, such as H2Oa. The formation and disappearance of H2Oa deeply depend on the electrode potential, and directly cause the chemical oscillation. The established model makes clear that the potential oscillation in methanol electrooxidation is the result of the feedback of electrode potential e on the reactions in- volving poison mediates CO and oxygen-containing species H2Oa. The numerical analysis of the estab- lished model successfully explains why the potential oscillation in methanol galvanostatic oxidation on a Pt electrode only happens in a certain range of current densities but not at any current density.     

聚乙撑二氧噻吩阳极降解的研究

研究了聚乙撑二氧噻吩(PEDOT)膜在水溶液中的阳极降解过程. 研究发现PEDOT的阳极过程可以分为p掺杂区[电位范围－0.3～0.5 V (相对于饱和甘汞电极; vs. SCE)]、过渡区[电位范围0.6～1 V (vs. SCE)]、过氧化区[电位范围1.2～1.6 V (vs. SCE)]三个电位区域. 用电化学阻抗谱法、循环伏安法、红外光谱技术、膜电阻测量以及电子自旋共振技术分别研究了PEDOT膜在这三个电位区域的行为. 结果表明: PEDOT膜在这三个电位区域的性质有明显不同. 在p掺杂区PEDOT膜的官能团、共轭结构、导电性均保持, 即在这个电位区发生可逆的掺杂/脱掺杂反应, 膜几乎不降解. 在过渡区和过氧化区, PEDOT膜均发生了降解. 与传统的导电聚合物在高电位的阳极降解的过氧化过程不同, 我们认为膜在较高电位(过渡区)发生一个驰豫过程, 该过程使得膜的官能团改变, 但是膜的共轭结构和导电性均保持; 而在更高的电位区(过氧化区)膜的降解和一般意义的过氧化降解相同, 此时膜的官能团、共轭结构、导电性均发生不可逆的破坏.     

Fe(III)参与TiO_2光催化降解X3B的反应机理研究

三价铁离子对TiO2 光催化降解X3B活性艳红染料具有明显的促进作用 .但是 ,当Fe(III)全部转化为Fe(II)离子以后 ,X3B的降解不再加快 .研究表明 ,Fe(III)捕获表面光生电子是导致X3B降解速率增加的主要原因 ,而Fe(III)光解产生羟基自由基使降解X3B的贡献则相对较小 .由于体系缺乏Fe(III) /Fe(II)循环 ,(Photo) Fenton反应参与X3B降解过程的可能性极小 .X3B和Fe(III)竞争吸附催化剂表面 ,促进了光生电子 -空穴对的分离和转移 .Fe(II)吸附相当微弱 ,这可能是导致Fe(II)难以被表面空穴或其它活性物质重新氧化的原因之一     

A Series of Iodoargentates Directed by Solvated Metal Cations Featuring Uptake and Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dye Pollutants

By using solvated metal cations as structure‐directing agents, three new iodoargentates, namely, [Fe(DMSO)₆][Ag₆I₉]?DMSO ( 1 ), [Fe(H₂O)₆][Ag₁₅I₁₈] ( 2 ) and [Cd(DMSO)₆][Ag₈I₁₀] ( 3 ) (DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide) have been solvothermally prepared and structurally characterized. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 can be described as 1D chains constructed from the linkage of [Ag₆I₉] and [Ag₅I₁₁] building units, respectively. For compound 3 , the [Ag₁₀I₂₂] building blocks are directly interconnected to form a 2D [Ag₈I₁₀] layer, which are further interconnected via intermolecular forces to generate a 3D supramolecular framework with 1D large channels occupied by [Cd(DMSO)₆]²⁺ cations. Interestingly, compounds 1 – 3 exhibit an ion‐exchange behavior for the adsorption of a specific dye (methylene blue, MB). Moreover, photocatalytic experiments indicate that these iodoargentates can be considered as promising photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dye pollutants.     

Characterization of Formation Kinetics of Self-Assembled Thiol Monolayers on Gold by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Interest in the properties of organized monolayers has grown enormously in recent years because these monolayers can provide a means to control the interface at a molecular level1. The self-assemblies of alkanethiols and their derivatives were probably the most intensively studied due to their stability, well-packed structure, ease in preparation, and flexibility in designing the tail group2. The adsorption kinetics of thiol monolayer has been studied by using several techniques, including con…     

甲醛在光催化降解反应中自由基中间体的电子顺磁共振研究

以纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)光催化降解甲醛, 使用2-甲基-2-亚硝基丙烷(2-methyl-2-nitroso-propane, MNP)作为自旋捕截剂(spin trap, ST), 研究了反应过程中的自由基中间体, 得到了一种新的自旋加合物(spin adduct, ST-R). 电子顺磁共振(Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, EPR)的结果表明, 甲醛在水溶液中降解的反应中间体为•CH(OH)2, 并提出了一种新的降解机理.     

ZnO超微粒子光催化氧化SO2的研究

 利用ZnO光催化技术对SO2氧化进行了研究．结果表明，在一定的\r\n反应条件下，ZnO超微粒子光催化SO2氧化的转化率较高，320℃下焙烧\r\n的ZnO超微粒子上SO2氧化的转化率高达99％．考察了氧和水蒸气分压等\r\n因素对SO2氧化反应的影响．用化学法对气态和凝聚态产物SO3进行了定\r\n性分析，并对SO2光催化氧化反应动力学行为及机理进行了探讨．     

Simultaneous visualization of surface topography and concentration field by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy using a single electrochemical probe and impedance spectroscopy

Scanning electrochemical microscopy visualizes concentration profiles. To determine the location of the probe relative to topographical features of the substrate, knowledge of the probe-to-sample distance at each probe position is required. The use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for obtaining information on the substrate-to-probe distance and on the concentration of interest using the electrochemical probe alone is suggested. By tuning the frequencies of interrogation, the probe-to-substrate distance can be derived followed by interrogation of processes that carry information on concentration at lower frequencies. These processes may include charge-transfer relaxation, diffusional relaxation at the electrode, and open-circuit potential at zero frequency. A potentiometric chloride sensing microprobe is used herein to reconstruct both topography and the concentration field at a microscopic diffusional source of chloride.